scholarly journals Metadiscourse in Research Article Genre: A Cross-Linguistic Study of English and Hausa

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Sani Yantandu Uba
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Remarkable Feature ◽  
Similar Frequency ◽  
Social Conventions ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Raising Awareness

The aim of conducting this study came from a need to explore contrastive study in using metadiscourse features between English and Hausa in research article genre. This study investigated what metadiscourse features are frequently used across two languages in research article genre. A sub-corpus of ten research articles was compiled from each language. The study adopted Hyland’s (2005) typology of metadiscourse features. The results of the study show that there are certain commonalities and differences in using the features across the languages. In terms of similarity, both groups of writers typically used all categories of metadiscourse features. They are almost having a similar frequency of boosters and attitude markers. On the other hand, writers from Hausa research article typically had a high frequency of self-mention, whereas writers from English had a low frequency of the feature. One remarkable feature in Hausa sub-corpus is the use of proverbs and idioms. This study recommends raising awareness of students in relation to linguistic and social conventions of their disciplines.

scholarly journals Semantic Categories of Reporting Verbs across Four Disciplines in Research Articles

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Sani Yantandu Uba
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Course Materials ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Raising Awareness

This paper investigates semantic categories of reporting verbs across four disciplines: Accounting, Applied Linguistics, Engineering and Medicine in research article genre. A general corpus of one million words and sub-corpus (for each discipline) were compiled from a total of 120 articles representing 30 articles from each discipline. In this study, two levels of analysis were conducted. Firstly, I randomly selected five articles from each discipline and read and reread each article identifying what reporting verbs are used, in what context are used and why such reporting verbs are used. This process enabled me to identify semantic categories of reporting verbs. Secondly, on the basis of the identified list of semantic categories of reporting verbs, I used the list in generating concordance output for quantitative textual analysis of each sub-corpus of the four disciplines, as well as the general corpus. The results of the study show that writers from both Accounting and Applied Linguistics are having a high frequency of reporting verbs than writers from Engineering and Medicine disciplines. It also shows that there are certain commonalities and differences between the disciplines. For example, all the disciplines are having frequency of the three semantic categories of reporting verbs but with certain degree of variations. The study recommends raising awareness of students on semantic categories of reporting verbs. The results could also help EAP/ESP teachers in designing course materials for discipline specific reporting verbs. It could also be helpful for textbook course designers in developing textbooks for teaching reporting verbs.

scholarly journals Hedging in the Results and Discussion Section of English Applied Linguistics Research Articles by Vietnamese and Foreign Writers

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Thao Quoc Tran ◽  
Thiep Ba Tang
Keyword(s):  
Academic Writing ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Discussion Section ◽  
Similar Frequency ◽  
Research Article

Hedging in academic writing in general and in research article (RA) in specific has a vital role in enabling writers to minimize their opposing claims and negotiate the meaning. Nevertheless, hedging can be different from one discipline to another and from culture to another. This study, therefore, aims at examining the deployment of hedges in the Results and Discussion (R-D) section of English Applied Linguistics (AL) RAs by Vietnamese writers and their foreign counterparts. Two corpora consisting of 30 RAs written by Vietnamese writers and the other 30 ones by foreign writers were collected. The results revealed that both Vietnamese and foreign writers deployed hedges in the R-D section of English AL RAs at a similar frequency. Moreover, they shared common senses of utilizing the hedges’ types and functions in the R-D section of English AL RAs. This study has confirmed that the norms and practices of the AL, a soft science, were common among non-native English writers regardless of their culture-bound.

scholarly journals Move Structure of Research Article Abstracts on Management: Contrastive Study (the Case of English and Russian)

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Zanina
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Linguistic Differences ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Academic Communication

Although a plethora of papers have proved a seminal role of move-based genre analysis in cross-linguistic research of academic communication and EAP/ESP teaching and learning, there is a lack of respective linguistic or pedagogically motivated studies of research articles (RAs) and their parts aimed at comparing English and Russian. Using Hyland’s (2000) 5-move model, the current research seeks to determine the most obvious cross-linguistic differences in the move structure of abstracts of research articles on management for these languages. Based on a move analysis of the English- and Russian-language corpora each comprising 20 unstructured RA abstracts, the research revealed conformity of most English-language abstracts to Hyland’s model, while the Russian abstracts principally displayed a three-move structure containing ‘purpose’, ‘method’ and ‘product’, and included the ‘introduction’ and ‘conclusion’ moves only occasionally. Other significant discrepancies comprised the English-language authors’ tendency to provide precise or detailed indication of research methods and results, in contrast to their brief indication or over-generalized mentioning by Russian writers, as well as greater length of the English-language abstracts and their stricter concordance to standard move sequence than those of the Russian abstracts. Though the research was conducted on relatively small corpora and was descriptive in nature, its findings might be of interest to genre analysts as well as to L2 theorists and practitioners.

Ion-cyclotron modes in weakly relativistic plasmas

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandu Venugopal ◽  
P. J. Kurian ◽  
G. Renuka
Keyword(s):  
Dispersion Relation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Dispersion Relations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Larmor Radius ◽  
Relativistic Plasmas ◽  
Ion Plasma ◽  
Maxwellian Plasma ◽  
Relativistic Dispersion

We derive a dispersion relation for the perpendicular propagation of ioncyclotron waves around the ion gyrofrequency ω+ in a weaklu relaticistic anisotropic Maxwellian plasma. These waves, with wavelength greater than the ion Larmor radius rL+ (k⊥ rL+ < 1), propagate in a plasma characterized by large ion plasma frequencies (). Using an ordering parameter ε, we separated out two dispersion relations, one of which is independent of the relativistic terms, while the other depends sensitively on them. The solutions of the former dispersion relation yield two modes: a low-frequency (LF) mode with a frequency ω < ω+ and a high-frequency (HF) mode with ω > ω+. The plasma is stable to the propagation of these modes. The latter dispersion relation yields a new LF mode in addition to the modes supported by the non-relativistic dispersion relation. The two LF modes can coalesce to make the plasma unstable. These results are also verified numerically using a standard root solver.

P3392Potential of imaging-guided PCI for event suppression in Japanese acute myocardial infarction patients: J-MINUET substudy

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Yamashita ◽  
K Sakamoto ◽  
K Tsujita ◽  
K Nakao ◽  
Y Ozaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intravascular Imaging ◽  
Clinical Events ◽  
Coronary Imaging ◽  
Usage Frequency ◽  
Moderate Frequency ◽  
Event Rates

Abstract Background Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) has been widely used in clinical settings. Although favorable results of imaging-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared with angio-guided PCI were observed in several studies, impacts of institutional-based usage frequency, about imaging-guided PCI, have not been well elucidated. Methods To elucidate the impact of imaging-guided PCI and the effects of frequency of its usage, we analyzed data of the Japanese registry of acute Myocardial INfarction diagnosed by Universal dEfiniTion (J-MINUET). This was a prospective and multicenter registry consisting of 3,283 AMI patients, who were hospitalized within 48 hours of onset from July 2012 to March 2014. Clinical follow-up data was obtained for 3 years. In this sub-study, a total of 2,788 patients who underwent urgent PCI having detailed procedural information were enrolled. We analyzed the differences of utilization rates of imaging-guided PCI among the participating institutions and the impacts for the clinical events. The participating institutions were divided into 3 groups by the frequency of IVUS usage: low frequency institutions: under 50%; moderate frequency institutions: 50% to 90%; and, high frequency institutions: over 90%. Results In this cohort registry, patients were enrolled from 28 institutions. The utilization rate of coronary imaging varied widely depending on each institution from 15.4% to 100% (mean 85.7%±24.3, median 97.4%). When the institutions were divided into 3 groups by the frequency of intravascular imaging usage, four low frequency institutions enrolled 295 patients, five moderate frequency institutions enrolled 624 patients, and 19 high frequency institutions enrolled 1,491 patients. Although the incidence of MACE (death, MI, stroke, cardiac failure, or revascularization for unstable angina) decreased stepwise (33.2%, 23.7%, and 19.7%) (gray bar in the Figure), the event rates of the imaging-guided PCI cases among the 3 groups were comparable (21.6%, 21.9%, and 19.6%) (white bar in the Figure). On the other hand, a gradual event reduction between the 3 groups was observed in the angio-guided PCI cases (black bar in the Figure). In comparison of MACE rate between imaging-guided and angio-guided PCI, there were statistically significant differences in the low frequency and moderate frequency institutions (p=0.001 and p=0.012, respectively). In contrast, comparable event rates were observed in the high frequency institutions (p=0.441). MACE rate by imaging usage frequency Conclusions In Japanese ACS patients treated with imaging-guided PCI, better suppression of clinical events during 3-year was found in the institutions with the more frequent use of intravascular imaging, mainly due to stepwise event suppression in the cases of angio-guided PCI. On the other hand, the clinical benefit of coronary imaging was obtained independently of the frequency of use and its experience.

scholarly journals Optimizing smoke alarm signals: Testing the effectiveness of children’s smoke alarms for sleeping adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A. Smith ◽  
Sandhya Kistamgari ◽  
Mark Splaingard
Keyword(s):  
Median Time ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Smoke Alarm ◽  
Smoke Alarms ◽  
Alarm Signals ◽  
Frequency Tone ◽  
Residential Fire

Abstract Background Being asleep is an important risk factor for death during a residential fire; however, the high-frequency tone smoke alarms in many homes will not adequately awaken children who are old enough to self-rescue. In a series of previous studies, we identified smoke alarm signals that effectively awaken children 5–12 years old and prompt their escape. Because it is impractical to have separate alarms for children and adults in a household, the purpose of this study is to test whether alarms that are effective in awakening children and prompting their escape are also effective among adults. Methods Using a randomized, non-blinded, repeated measures design, 150 adults 20–49 years old were exposed during stage 4 sleep to four different smoke alarms. Statistical tests included the Kaplan-Meier estimator, generalized Wilcoxon test, and hazard ratios with Wald’s 95% confidence intervals. Results The median age of study subjects was 30.0 years and 67.3% were female. Almost all (n = 149) subjects awakened and performed the escape procedure to all four alarms; one individual did not awaken or escape to the high-frequency tone alarm. The median time-to-awaken was 2.0 s for the high-frequency tone alarm and 1.0 s for the other three alarms. The median time-to-escape for the high-frequency tone alarm was 12.0 s, compared with 10.0 s for the low-frequency tone alarm and 9.0 s each for the female and male voice alarms. All pairwise comparisons between the high-frequency tone alarm and each of the other three alarms were statistically significant for the probability functions for time-to-awaken and time-to-escape. There were no significant differences in these outcome measures between the latter three alarms, except for female voice versus low-frequency tone alarms for time-to-escape. Conclusions All alarms performed well, demonstrating that smoke alarms developed for the unique developmental requirements of sleeping children are also effective among sleeping adults. Compared with a high-frequency tone alarm, use of these alarms may reduce residential fire-related injuries and deaths among children, while also successfully alerting adult members of the household.

scholarly journals THE AGRO-PASTORAL CONFLICTS AND FORAGE SPECIES PRIZED BY CATTLE: CASE OF THE NORTHERN PERIPHERY OF THE MBAM AND DJEREM NATIONAL PARK (ADAMAOUA-CAMEROON)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 965-985
Author(s):  
Marie Mvu Njoya ◽  
◽  
Ambahe Duplex Rufin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
National Park ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Partial Solution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

In the outskirts of the northern periphery of Mbam and Djerem National Park, agro-pastoral conflicts have become very frequent in recent years. The resulting damage is so surprising that it leaves no one indifferent. Unfortunately, many writings analyze the causes of these agro-pastoral conflicts without, however, dwelling on the fodder resources which constitute not only the staple food of cattle but also one of the primary factors of these antagonisms. To overcome this knowledge gap, the authors adopted the survey method in order to identify, on the one hand, the attributes of agro-pastoral conflicts and the plant species consumed in all seasons by cattle on the northern periphery of the PNMD and, on the other hand, the relationship between these forage species with the frequency of agro-pastoral conflicts according to the protagonists and the seasons. Thus, from field observations and a questionnaire sent to 44 breeders and 103 farmers in four control villages, it results, after processing the data, that the high frequency of conflicts experienced by the farmers in the dry season (35.9 %) and especially by the breeders (70.5%) is due to the location of the forage species prized in this season at the bottom of the valleys where the herds are concentrated and compete. On the other hand, the low frequency of conflicts experienced during the rainy season especially by breeders, except in Mbitom, is more justified by the extension of fodder registers to woody leaves from the start of this season. Finally, the fodder fields of Brachiaria constitute a partial solution to the shortage of pastures even if it sometimes gives rise to new conflicts between herders.

scholarly journals Phrasal Discourse Style in Cross-Disciplinary Writing: A Comparison of Phrasal Complexity Features in the Results Sections of Research Articles

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 191-204
Author(s):  
Muhammed Parviz ◽  
Alireza Jalilifar ◽  
Alexanne Don
Keyword(s):  
Academic Writing ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Disciplinary Writing ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Rate Of Success

The present study aimed at exploring how research article writers from two academic disciplines exploit phrasal complexity features (PCFs) to verbalize the results sections of research articles with the eventual aim of assisting advanced EFL writers with their composition strategies. To this end, following a manual search, 200 empirical research articles in the fields of Applied Linguistics and Physics were comparatively examined. Due to the low rate of success of tagging programs in identifying the occurrences of PCFs, the datasets were also manually analyzed. The results revealed that the research article writers drew upon three high-frequency phrasal complexity features, namely, pre-modifying adjectives, post-modifying prepositional phrases, and nominalizations. The study also revealed that the results sections of research articles included different amounts of exceedingly complex patterns of pre-modification, a hybrid of novel appositive structures, and great reliance on hyphenated adjectives. Overall, we believe that these findings can be used to heighten the awareness of academic writers and instructors regarding the linguistic characteristics of academic writing and of the variations of how such phrasal features of compression are constructed in different academic subjects.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Interactional Metadiscourse Markers in the Discussion Section of Soft and Hard Science Research Articles: Hedges and Boosters in Focus

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-280
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Science Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Discussion Section ◽  
Hard Science ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Science Disciplines

The aim of this descriptive analytical study was to examine research articles discussion sections from four disciplines to measure the functions and frequencies of hedges and boosters. To this end, scholarly research articles were randomly selected from leading and reputable journals in mechanical and industrial engineering as representatives of hard science disciplines and management and psychology as representatives of soft science disciplines. The size of the corpus in each discipline was around 17000 words. The data were analyzed in light of Hyland's (2005) model of interactional metadiscourse for hedges and boosters devices. Results of descriptive and inferential statistics showed that the use of hedges was significantly more in soft science disciples while boosters were overused in hard science disciplines, corresponding to the fact that by virtue of being less personal and more objective, hard sciences are represented through more frequent use of boosters than hedges to express facts. On the other hand, soft sciences are influenced by their subjectivity which results in higher frequencies of hedges. The findings of this study have implications for English for Academic/Specific purposes courses. Keywords: Discussion section, Research article, Metadiscourse, Booster, Hedge.

Existence of Dominant Players and their Role in the Formation of a Cabinet Coalition

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (01) ◽  
pp. 1750005
Author(s):  
Artyom Jelnov
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Winning Coalition ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dominant Party ◽  
Frequency Occurrence

A party is dominant if there is a majority coalition to which that party belongs such that it affords this party more possibilities to form an alternative winning coalition than any of the other members of the coalition. I present empirical evidence showing that an allocation of seats in a parliament is biased toward the high frequency occurrence of a dominant party and the low frequency occurrence of a dictator. If a dominant party forms a cabinet coalition, and if that cabinet coalition has a majority in parliament, then the dominant party tends to form a coalition which it dominates.

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