scholarly journals Willingness to Pay for Family Health Insurance: Evidence from Baglung and Kailali Districts of Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devaraj Acharya ◽  
Bhimsen Devkota ◽  
Ramesh Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Headship ◽  
The Government ◽  
Mean Differences

INTRODUCTION: The Government of Nepal introduced a health insurance programme in three districts in 2016. However, it seems that there has not been systematic evidence on whether the current contribution amount (CCA) needed for enrolling in health insurance (HI), is acceptable for those who are willing to enroll. This article aims to assess the respondents' willingness to pay (WTP) for HI. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 810 randomly selected households in Baglung and Kailali districts and the data was collected using a validated schedule. The socio-demographic characteristics were considered as independent and the WTP as dependent variables respectively. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis were performed. RESULTS: Of the total respondents, 74 percent expressed that they could pay nearly three times as much as the CCA. Mean differences in WTP for HI were observed in terms of districts (p<0.001), sex of the respondents (p<0.01), household headship (p<0.05), mother tongue (p<0.001), wealth status (p<0.001), presence of chronic diseases in the family(p<0.05), enrollment in HI(p<0.01), exposure to the radio/FM(p<0.05) and TV(p<0.01), and access to health facilities (p<0.01). The lieklyhood of WTP for HI were lower in Kailali than in Baglung (b= –0.178, p<0.001); with females than with males(b= –0.076, p<0.05); and with the age group £37 years than > 37 years(b= –0.090, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The WTP for HI was nearly three times as high as the CCA for all health services if available to them. More than one fourth of the respondents did not know about HI. Therefore, appropriate interventions are needed for awareness raising which may support the WTP as well as enrollment in HI.

scholarly journals Role of information, education, and communication in enrollment of health insurance: A case of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devaraj Acharya ◽  
Bhimsen Devkota ◽  
Kamal Gautam ◽  
Radha Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Family ◽  
Insurance Programme ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background Most of the studies have indicated that various programmes were failing due to lack of appropriate information, education, and communication [IEC] to the target audiences. But still unanswered that which methods or means of communication could be the most powerful for changing behaviour, decision making,and or desired action. The paper aims to assess the effects of IEC on the enrollment of health insurance in Nepal.Methods A cross-sectional study, with randomly selected 810 [405 enrolled and 405 not-enrolled] households, was conducted at Baglung and Kailali districts of Nepal in 2018 using pretested structured interview tool. Background characteristics of family and respondents, and exposure to the means of communication were independent variables; and enrollment of health insurance was the dependent variable. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were done to interpret the data.Results Data show that socio-demographics and exposure to communication were associated with the enrollment of health insurance. Demographic characteristics of the respondents and households particularly household head, age, wealth status, ability to feed the family, and presence of chronic diseases in the family were significantly associated with the enrollment of health insurance. Similarly, exposure to communication and media such as knowledge on health insurance and contribution amount of health insurance, having health insurance related books or guidelines, participation in training and workshop, discussion with peers and neighbours, exposure to health insurance related messages from radio and television, seen hoarding board, newspaper, and health insurance related pamphlet, brochure, and posters were significantly associated with enrollment in health insurance. Knowledge about health insurance and contribution amount, having health insurance related books and guidelines, and discussion with peers and neighbours appeared to be the positive and significant predictors for enrollment in health insurance scheme.Conclusion Communication and interaction with peers and neighbours about health insurance scheme of the government could lead to higher participation in health insurance programme. It would be better to incorporate this strategy while planning policies and interventions on health insurance.

scholarly journals Association of information, education, and communication; and enrollment in health insurance: A case of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devaraj Acharya ◽  
Bhimsen Devkota ◽  
Kamal Gautam ◽  
Radha Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Information ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Government ◽  
Workshop Discussion

Abstract Background Most of the studies have indicated that various programmes were failing due to lack of appropriate information, education, and communication [IEC] to the target audiences. But still unanswered that which methods or means of communication could be the most powerful for changing behaviour, decision making, and or desired action. The paper aims to assess the effects of IEC on the enrollment of health insurance [HI] in Nepal.Methods A cross-sectional study, with randomly selected 810 [405 enrolled and 405 not-enrolled] households, was conducted at Baglung and Kailali districts of Nepal in 2018 using pretested structured interview tool. Background characteristics of family and respondents, and exposure to the means of communication were independent variables; and enrollment of HI was the dependent variable. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were done to interpret the data.Results Data show that socio-demographics and exposure to HI related information were associated with the enrollment of HI. Demographic characteristics of the respondents and households particularly age, wealth status, and presence of chronic diseases in the family were significantly associated with the enrollment of HI. Similarly, exposure to communication and media such as heard about HI and knowledge of contribution amount of HI, having HI related books or guidelines, participation in training and workshop, discussion with peers and neighbours, exposure to HI related messages from radio and television, seen hoarding board, newspaper, and HI related pamphlet, brochure, and posters were significantly associated with enrollment in HI. Heard about HI and knowledge of contribution amount, having HI related books and guidelines, and discussion with peers and neighbours appeared to be the positive and significant predictors for enrollment in HI.Conclusion Communication and interaction with peers and neighbours about HI scheme of the government could lead to higher participation in HI programme. It would be better to incorporate this strategy while planning policies and interventions on HI.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Nonrenewal of Health Insurance Membership in Ejisu-Juaben Municipality of Ashanti Region, Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kwawukume Mawumenyo Aku ◽  
Kofi Akohene Mensah ◽  
Peter Twum ◽  
Peter Agyei-Baffour ◽  
Daniel Opoku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
National Health Insurance ◽  
National Health ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Systemic Factors ◽  
The Government

Background. In the quest to prevent households from making catastrophic expenditures at the point of seeking healthcare, the government of Ghana introduced the National Health Insurance in 2003. However, people are reluctant to renew their membership. This study was, therefore, conducted to identify factors influencing the nonrenewal of National Health Insurance membership in the Ejisu-Juaben Municipality. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 427 respondents in the Ejisu-Juaben Municipality to ascertain factors influencing the nonrenewal of health insurance membership status. Data were entered and analyzed using Stata version 14. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine sociodemographic factors, household factors, and systemic factors influencing the nonrenewal of health insurance status. Statistical significance for all testing was set as p ≤ 0.05 . Results. Sociodemographic factors such as gender (AOR = 0.531; CI = 0.287–0.985) and educational level (AOR = 5.268; CI = 1.130–24.551)) were associated with the nonrenewal of health insurance membership. Income levels in Ghana Cedis were 500–1000 (AOR = 0.216; CI = 0.075–0.617) and 1001–2000 (AOR = 0.085; CI = 0.019–0.383). Systemic decision on factors such as clients’ satisfaction (AOR = 0.149; CI = 0.035–0.640), making copayment (AOR = 0.152; CI = 0,068–0.344), acquiring all prescribed drugs (AOR = 4.191; CI = 2.027–8.668), and awareness of mobile renewal (AOR = 3.139; CI = 1.462–6.739) was associated with nonrenewal of membership. Conclusions. The nonrenewal of health insurance membership was influenced by sociodemographic, household, and systemic factors. Therefore, the Municipal Health Directorate and the National Health Insurance Authority have to work on these factors to reach the target of 100% active coverage in the municipality.

scholarly journals Willingness of community based health insurance uptake and associated factors among urban residents of Oromia regional state, Oromia, Ethiopia, a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alem Deksisa ◽  
Meyrema Abdo ◽  
Ebrahim Mohamed ◽  
Daniel Tolesa ◽  
Sileshi Garoma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Based Health Insurance ◽  
Regional State

Abstract Background Globally, Millions of people cannot use health services because of the fear of payment for the service at the time of service delivery. From the agenda of transformation and the current situation of urbanization as well as to ensure universal health coverage implementing this program to the urban resident is mandatory. The aim of this study is to assess the willingness of community-based health insurance (CBHI) uptake and associated factors among urban residents of Oromia regional state, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2018. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. From the total of eighteen towns; six towns which account for 33% of the total were selected randomly for the study. One population proportion formula was employed to get a total of 845 households. A pre-tested, semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the required data. Double-Bounded Dichotomous Choice Variant of the contingent valuation method was used to assess the maximum willingness to pay for the scheme, and a multiple logistic regression model was used to determine the effect of various factors on the willingness to join and willingness to pay for the households. Result About 839 (99.3%) of the respondents participated. The mean ages of the respondents were 40.44(SD ± 11.12) years. 621 (74.1%) ever heard about CBHI with 473 (56.3%) knowing the benefits package. Out of 839, 724 (86.3%) were willing to uptake CBHI of which 704 (83.9%) were willing to pay if CBHI established in their town. Conclusion If CBHI established about 86.3% of the households would enroll in the scheme. Having education, with a family size between 3 & 6, having difficulty in paying for health care and less than 20mins it took to reach the nearest health facility were the independent predictors of the willingness of CBHI uptake. The Oromia and Towns Health Bureau should consider the availability of health facilities near to the community and establishing CBHI in the urban towns.

Nutritional Status and Utilization of Anganwadi Services: An Epidemiological Comparative Study Medak District, Telangana, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-319
Author(s):  
Gangadhar Rao kalapala ◽  
Shamanna BR ◽  
B Ravi Zechariah
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Programme ◽  
Early Child Care ◽  
Nursing Mothers ◽  
The Government

Background: Malnutrition is the widely prevalent problem in India as well as other developing countries; India has one of the astonishing magnitudes according to the national family health survey. The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) programme is a globally recognized community based early child care programme, which addresses the basic interrelated needs of young children, expectant and nursing mothers and adolescent girls across the life cycle, in a holistic manner. ICDS in India is a response the challenge of breaking a vicious cycle of mal-nutrition, impaired development, morbidity and mortality in young children, working in convergence with other flagship programmes. Material and methods: It is an observational cross sectional study design sampling was obtained through the simple random sampling .The sample size consists of 100 anganwadi children Results: The present study the findings have shown that Mean age of the children= 43.27 months Males 50% and Females 50% ,Average age of weaning=9.89=10 months, per cent of children attending anganwadi centre =97.6% ,Children attending anganwadi centres regularly=53% Children attending anganwadi centre irregular=29% Children attending anganwadi less than two days in a week=18%. Conclusion: The prevalence of malnutrition in males and females are comparatively higher as 48.8% and 49.4, despite many programs and efforts put down by the government the malnutrition rates are still prevail high in the country .the programs were beneficial to only certain class of people.

scholarly journals Community Preventive Measures Related to Coronavirus Disease-19 among Iraqi Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (T1) ◽  
pp. 325-329
Author(s):  
Taqi Mohammed Jwad Taher ◽  
Shaymaa Abdul Lateef Al-Fadhul ◽  
Zainab Abbas Hassooni
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Preventive Practices ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
Mean Differences

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus (CoV) disease (COVID)-19 outbreak is considering as a health disaster which threatens the world right now because of its higher infectivity and unavailability of definite vaccine or treatment. The only effective strategies are a commitment to prevention and quarantine of the diseased people to decrease the transmission and spreading. AIM: The objective of the study was to assess the preventive measures adopted by the Iraqi population to protect themselves from acquiring severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2 infection in correlation with their age, sex, educational level, and occupation. METHODS: A total of 619 volunteers were involved in this online cross-sectional study, all of them answered a semi-structured questionnaire including 14 questions regarding the preventive practices. The questionnaire was distributed into three general and mixed Facebook groups during the period from April 18 to 28. Data analyzed by SPSS version 23 using frequency tables and descriptive statistics for numerical continuous age variable, t-test, and ANOVA were used for mean differences in the preventive scores. RESULTS: The sociodemographic features of participants were showed that 81.3% were women and 91.9% had college or higher education. The majority (75.6%) were <30 years old and 42.5% governmentally employed. The mean preventive practice score mentioned by them was 2.60 ± 0.28 with the highest three scores was for stay away from infected and sick people, avoid crowded places, and avoid travel and commuting. A significant difference was found in the practice score according to age, gender, and occupation (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Iraqi people mentioned that they always adhere to the health instructions related to COVID-19 prevention as suggested by the government, health workers, and organizations. Male, students, and people younger than 30 years are less frequently followed the main preventive measures.

scholarly journals Analysis Socioeconomic Influence on the Utilization of Health Service in the Inpatient Room of Faisal Islamic Hospital Makassar

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1567-1571
Author(s):  
Muhammad Alwy Arifin ◽  
Amaliah Amriani. AS ◽  
Muh. Yusri Abadi ◽  
Anwar Mallongi ◽  
Dian Saputra Marzuk
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Utilization Of Health Services ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

Hospitals in carrying out their role cannot be separated from problems, both from within and from outside that can interfere with the mechanism of work of the hospital in providing health services for the community. Faisal Islamic Hospital Makassar is one of the private hospitals in the city of Makassar which in the last 3 years has decreased the value of BOR. The purpose of this study was to find out the socio-economic influence on the utilization of health services in the inpatient room of Faisal Islamic Hospital Makassar. This research is a cross-sectional study. A total of 99 people were sampled in the inpatient room of Faisal Islamic Hospital Makassar by taking a sample using the purposive sampling method. Data is collected by conducting interviews with respondents. Data processing is done by frequency distribution analysis and univariate and multivariate analysis with the Binary Regression approach namely logit and probit analysis. Based on the results of the study, it was obtained that socioeconomic variables that have an influence on the utilization of health services in the Faisal Islamic Hospital Makassar is the ownership of health insurance with the results of p-value< 0.1 is logit 0.299 and probit of 0.000. For the government to evaluate the ownership of health insurance, because there are still respondents who do not have health insurance where this is not in accordance with the objectives of the National Health Insurance program.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Willingness to Pay for Outpatient Services at RSU Tangerang Selatan

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Farah Elena Astrilia ◽  
Yanti Harjono Hadiwiardjo ◽  
Gatot Soeryo
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Outpatient Services ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Treatment Experience ◽  
Ability To Pay ◽  
The Government ◽  
Information Treatment

Background: The government established a national health insurance program (NHI) to increase access to health services but the program is still not optimal, it affects the number of hospital visits and income. Therefore it required an analysis of patient’s willingness to pay out of pocket for outpatient services. The purpose of this study was to determine factors affecting patient’s willingness to pay. Method: This research is a cross sectional study involving 124 internal medicine outpatients at General Hospital (RSU) South Tangerang City in November 2019. Data were obtained from a questionnaire. Patient’s income, information, treatment experience, health insurance, distance to hospital, health service, ability to pay, and willingness to pay was investigated using chi square and logistic regression analysis. Results: The results outcomes showed that the level of willingness to pay of respondents is quite high and is influenced by patient’s income (p = 0.001), information (p = 0.045), treatment experience (p = 0.010), and ability to pay (ATP) (p = 0.001).  Factors that have the most significant associations were patient’s ability to pay (OR = 14,502). Conclusion: Patient’s income, information, treatment experience, and ATP affect the willingness to pay of patients.

Willingness to Pay for a National Health Insurance (NHI) in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeer Alharbi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
National Health Insurance ◽  
National Health ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Public health services in Saudi Arabia are provided free of charge to its citizens at the point of use. Recently, however, the government has realized that this model is unsustainable in the long run. Therefore, Saudi decision-makers are seeking to have a sustainable health system through the introduction of a contributory National Health Insurance that require making regular financial contributions from its members. Objective This study aims to explore the people’s willingness to pay for a National Health Insurance system in Saudi Arabia. The study also aims to understand the factors affecting their willingness or unwillingness to pay NHI, such as, their demographic and socio-economic characteristics, the type of their usual health care provider, and their satisfaction with the current healthcare services.Methods A cross-sectional study design with Contingent Valuation (CV) technique was used to measure the value of National Health Insurance based on an individual’s willingness to pay. The data were collected from 475 participants using an online survey via Google Forms between March 2021 and April 2021. Frequencies, logistic regression, and linear regression, were conducted to answer the research questions.Results The percentage of individuals who was willing to pay for NHI was higher than those who were not willing to pay (62.9%) vs (37.1%). There was a significant association between the type of usual healthcare provider and the likelihood of paying for NHI (OR CI = 0.20 to 0.51, p< 0.05=0.00). Also, there was a significant association between satisfaction with healthcare services and the likelihood of paying for NHI (OR CI = 0.02 to 0.31, p< 0.05=0.00). The median amount of money the people were willing to pay as a monthly contribution for NHI was 100 SAR (26.5 USD) with the average being 152 SAR (40 USD). There was a significant association between age and the maximum amount the participants were willing to pay (ß=-0.15,t=-2.55,p<0.05=0.01). In addition, the results show a significant relationship between income and the maximum amount of money people were willing to pay (ß=-0.25,t=3.81,p<0.05=0.001).Conclusion This study provided some evidence that most of the population of Saudi Arabia were willing to pay for NHI if implemented. The factors that appeared to influence the willingness to pay and the amount of monthly payment included the type of usual source of care, satisfaction with current public services, age, and income.

scholarly journals Types of health insurance and its utilization in a primary, secondary and tertiary care setting in coastal Karnataka

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1758
Author(s):  
Sharon Baisil ◽  
Shreyaswi Sathyanath ◽  
Rashmi Kundapur
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Private Hospitals ◽  
Health Card ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Hospital Visits ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tertiary Care Setting

Background: Health insurance as a tool to finance health care has very recently gained popularity in India. While health insurance has a long history, the upsurge in breadth of coverage can be explained by a serious effort by the Government to introduce health insurance for the poor in last four years. Objective of this study is to determine the types of health insurance prevalent in coastal Karnataka and to study its advantages in decreasing out of pocket expenditure.Methods: A cross sectional study was done among 450 patients by administering a validated questionnaire on health insurance with details, coverage amount, presence of APL or BPL card and utilization pattern with advantages to the patient from scheme.Results: Out of the 450 patients have been surveyed, 57% had availed health insurance. 35% of patients were benefited by sampoorna suraksha and 27.5% patients used KSHEMA health card. ESI and kadamba were least used. Unlimited slab was seen with aarogya bhagya and yashaswini schemes. 65% of APL category and only 35% of BPL had health insurance. 92.5% of the patients with health insurance surveyed used private hospitals for health assistance. In 25% of people, hospital visits increased due to health insurance. In 15% of patients the total expenditure on health has increased after obtaining health insurance.Conclusions: 57% of the patients had some form of health insurance. Sampoorna suraksha was the most commonly used scheme and health insurance was most commonly used for in patient care.

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