scholarly journals Association Between Adrenal Hematoma and Mortality in Pediatric Multiple Blunt Traumas: An Autopsy Evaluation

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Farrokh Taftachi ◽  
Leyla Abdolkarimi ◽  
Maryam Ameri ◽  
Azadeh Memarian ◽  
Alireza Behzadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Adrenal Crisis ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography Scan ◽  
Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Adrenal Hematoma ◽  
Tomography Scan

<p>Adrenal hematoma is a common hidden catastrophic complication in pediatric victims of multiple blunt traumas. Adrenal hematoma has no obvious symptoms and may not be detected by diagnostic methods such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography scan, and sonography; consequently, this complication may be neglected in children with multiple blunt traumas and cause death through sudden adrenal crisis.</p><p>The current study was conducted on 55 dead children (&lt;13 y) and 110 matured youths (13–17 y) who died in consequence of multiple blunt traumas, comprising car crashes, fall from heights, and falling debris. Our autopsy results showed that the overall prevalence of adrenal hematoma was 26% and this rate was higher in lower ages (1–6 y). There was no significant difference regarding the occurrence of adrenal hematoma between the genders. Adrenal hematoma was most common in abdominal and pelvic traumas. Peritoneal hemorrhage, liver damage, spleen rupture, omental injury, retroperitoneal hemorrhage, renal hematoma, and pelvic fracture were the most common complications associated with adrenal hematoma. In contrast to the previous studies, hematoma was mostly observed in the left adrenal. The incidence of damage to the pancreas, which similarly to the adrenal is a retroperitoneal organ, was very low (1.7%).</p><p>The high incidence of adrenal hematoma due to severe abdominopelvic trauma in children warrants further research. Future studies should shed sufficient light on the efficacy of prophylactic steroids in patients with suspicion of severe abdominopelvic trauma.</p>

scholarly journals Radiation diagnostics of arteriovenous erectile dysfunction: history and development

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Pavel S Kyzlasov ◽  
Bahtijar G Kasymov ◽  
Salman Kh Al-Shukri ◽  
Erbol A Iskakov ◽  
Rinat M Nugumanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography Scan ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Current State ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Tomography Scan

The review article is devoted to the history and current state of radiation methods for diagnosis of arteriovenous erectile dysfunction. The indications, advantages and disadvantages of the diagnostic methods are presented. It is indicated that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography scan (CT scan) with intracavernous contrasting, which have the greatest sensitivity and specificity, are currently the optimal methods for radiation diagnosis of arteriovenous erectile dysfunction. (For citation: Kyzlasov PS, Kasymov BG, Al-Shukri SKh, et al. Radiation diagnostics of arteriovenous erectile dysfunction: history and development. Urologicheskie vedomosti. 2018;8(1):40-46. doi: 10.17816/uroved8140-46).

scholarly journals Pulmonary coinfection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Tropheryma whipplei: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Binghua Zhu ◽  
Jing Tang ◽  
Rong Fang ◽  
Xuejie Fei ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Tropheryma Whipplei ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Computed Tomography Scan ◽  
Chest Computed Tomography ◽  
Tomography Scan ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Abstract Background We diagnosed a clinical case of pulmonary infection involving Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Tropheryma whipplei in a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome. The diagnosis was assisted by metagenomic next-generation sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Case presentation A 44-year-old Han Chinese inmate was transferred to the emergency department because of dry cough, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. The patient’s body temperature rose to 39.3 °C following empirical cephalosporin treatment for 1 week. The blood CD4+/CD8+ ratio was 0.7, suggesting immunodeficiency. Routine microbiological tests were performed, and tuberculosis interferon gamma release assays were positive. Mycobacterium tuberculosis polymerase chain reaction was also positive. Chest computed tomography scan revealed miliary nodules and ground-glass opacifications, which were in accordance with tuberculosis. To fully examine the etiology, we performed routine laboratory tests and metagenomic sequencing, the results of which indicated the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Tropheryma whipplei. We administered anti-tuberculosis regimen in combination with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The patient recovered, with chest computed tomography scan showing absorption of lesions. Conclusions Compared with traditional diagnostic methods such as culture and serology, metagenomic next-generation sequencing has the advantage of detecting a wide array of microorganisms in a single test and therefore can be used for clinical diagnosis of rare pathogens and microbial coinfections. It is particularly useful for immunocompromised patients as they are more prone to infection by opportunistic microorganisms.

scholarly journals Sjögren’s syndrome with nervous system injury combined with pulmonary and osseous cryptococcosis: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Xu ◽  
Xinwei Song ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Na Lin ◽  
Ji-An Wang
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sjögren’S Syndrome ◽  
Sjögren's Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren’S Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren's Syndrome ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography Scan ◽  
Tomography Scan ◽  
Sjögren‘S Syndrome

Abstract Background Sjögren’s syndrome is a common autoimmune disease that can involve the nervous system, but rarely both the central and peripheral. Long-term use of high-dose corticosteroids and immunosuppressants are the main risk factors for Cryptococcus infection in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome, of which pulmonary infection is the most common, while multiple bone infections are rare. Case presentation A 46-year-old Chinese woman with a 2-year history of Sjögren’s syndrome presented to our hospital with numbness of limbs, shortness of breath, and weakness. Blood immunochemistry showed that antinuclear antibody (1:640), anti-Sjögren’s syndrome-A antibodies, and anti-centromere antibodies were strongly positive. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple demyelinating lesions in the white matter of bilateral cerebral hemispheres. Electromyography indicated serious peripheral nerve injury, especially in lower limbs. Computed tomography scan of lumbar vertebral displayed multiple high-density shadows, and the corresponding vertebrae on magnetic resonance imaging showed abnormal low signal intensity on T1 and T2 sequences. Positron emission tomography–computed tomography showed multiple lesions with high 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in lung and vertebral bodies. Both lung and bone biopsies suggested Cryptococcus infection, with the diagnosis of Sjögren’s syndrome with nervous system injury combined pulmonary and osseous cryptococcosis. She took a reduced dose of prednisone about 10 mg/day, terminated mycophenolate mofetil, and began to take immunoglobulin of 0.4 g/kg/day intravenously for 5 days, fluconazole (400 mg/day) for 6 months. Within 3 weeks, her chest radiography showed a marked improvement, and 3 months later, the pulmonary lesions disappeared on her computed tomography scan. Conclusions This case exhibits an extremely rare condition of neural involvement in Sjögren’s syndrome combined with pulmonary and osseous cryptococcosis. This report also highlights the crucial role of detailed clinical examination, serologic markers, and biopsy in avoiding misdiagnosis. Currently, there is no guideline for this situation; in this case, we controlled the disease successfully with antifungal drugs and adequate gamma globulin, followed by an appropriate dose of corticosteroids.

scholarly journals Postoperative Pneumocephalus on Computed Tomography Might Predict Post-Corpus Callosotomy Chemical Meningitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 638
Author(s):  
Ayataka Fujimoto ◽  
Keisuke Hatano ◽  
Toshiki Nozaki ◽  
Keishiro Sato ◽  
Hideo Enoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Computed Tomography Scan ◽  
Corpus Callosotomy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chemical Meningitis ◽  
Tomography Scan

Background: A corpus callosotomy (CC) is a procedure in which the corpus callosum, the largest collection of commissural fibers in the brain, is disconnected to treat epileptic seizures. The occurrence of chemical meningitis has been reported in association with this procedure. We hypothesized that intraventricular pneumocephalus after CC surgery represents a risk factor for postoperative chemical meningitis. The purpose of this study was to analyze the potential risk factors for postoperative chemical meningitis in patients with medically intractable epilepsy who underwent a CC. Methods: Among the patients who underwent an anterior/total CC for medically intractable epilepsy between January 2009 and March 2021, participants were comprised of those who underwent a computed tomography scan on postoperative day 0. We statistically compared the groups with (c-Group) or without chemical meningitis (nc-Group) to determine the risk factors. Results: Of the 80 patients who underwent a CC, 65 patients (25 females and 40 males) met the inclusion criteria. Their age at the time of their CC procedure was 0–57 years. The c-Group (17%) was comprised of seven females and four males (age at the time of their CC procedure, 1–43 years), and the nc-Group (83%) was comprised of 18 females and 36 males (age at the time of their CC procedure, 0–57 years). Mann–Whitney U-tests (p = 0.002) and univariate logistic regression analysis (p = 0.001) showed a significant difference in pneumocephalus between the groups. Conclusion: Postoperative pneumocephalus identified on a computed tomography scan is a risk factor for post-CC chemical meningitis.

Psychogenic stuttering: A case and review

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S386-S387 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Almada ◽  
R. Simões ◽  
M. Constante ◽  
P. Casquinha ◽  
M.J. Heitor
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography Scan ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
The Social ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Tomography Scan

IntroductionStuttering is a speech disorder characterized by involuntary repetition, prolongation or cessation of a sound. This dysfluency may be developmental or acquired. Acquired dysfluency can be classified as neurogenic or psychogenic.ObjectivesThis case report aims to describe and discuss a case of psychogenic stuttering, providing an updated review on this disorder.MethodsIn and outpatient interviews were performed by Neurology and Psychiatry. Investigation to exclude organic causes included lab exams, electrocardiogram, electroencephalography, computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging. A literature review in Science Direct database, with the keywords “psychogenic stuttering”, was also conducted.ResultsA 63-year-old man was admitted to the Beatriz Ângelo Hospital with an acute stuttering. Speech was characterized by the repetition of initial or stressed syllables, little affected by reading out loud or singing. Comprehension, syntaxes and semantic were not compromised, as weren’t sensory and motor abilities. During admission, stuttering characteristics changed. Multiple somatic complaints and stress prior to the onset and bizarre secondary behaviors were also detected. Work-up didn’t show an organic etiology for that sudden change. An iatrogenic etiology was considered, as sertraline and topiramate were started for depression 1 month before. However, the stuttering pattern, the negative results, the psychological and the social life events suggested a psychogenic etiology.ConclusionsPsychogenic stuttering finds its origin in psychological or emotional problems. It is best classified as a conversion reaction. The differential diagnosis between psychogenic and neurological stuttering can be challenging.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Broad Ligament Fibroid Mimicking as Ovarian Tumor on Ultrasonography and Computed Tomography Scan

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayananda Kumar Rajanna ◽  
Vaibhav Pandey ◽  
Sujit Janardhan ◽  
Sujatha N Datti
Keyword(s):  
Adnexal Mass ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Broad Ligament ◽  
Ovarian Neoplasm ◽  
Cystic Degeneration ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography Scan ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Tomography Scan

Giant fibroids are known to arise from the uterus, and very rarely from the broad ligament. Large fibroids often undergo hyaline, cystic, and at times, red degeneration. In the present case, cystic degeneration with intervening septations in an adnexal mass raised the suspicion of ovarian neoplasm as the ovaries were not seen as separate from the lesion. The ultrasonographic and contrast-enhanced computed tomographic findings of this case were characteristic of ovarian neoplasm. The differential diagnosis included rare possibility of giant fibroid with cystic degeneration. The diagnosis was confirmed on histopathological examination. The patient underwent excision of the broad ligament fibroid, hysterectomy, and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Magnetic resonance imaging has a role in the diagnosis of such lesions.

Mucocele of the sphenoid sinus: a rare entity to keep in mind

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Marrakchi jihene ◽  
Mejbri Maha ◽  
Sana Mahfoudhi ◽  
Besbes Ghazi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Sphenoid Sinus ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography Scan ◽  
Tomography Scan

Isolated sphenoid sinus mucocele (SSM) is a rare entity that can result in serious sequelae if diagnosis and treatment are inappropriately delayed. Typically, mucoceles are asymptomatic, and they are accidentally identified after computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging of the maxillofacial area performed for other pathologic issues. We report a case of isolated SSM that only presented with headache for over a year, and also review the literature regarding surgical management of such entity.

scholarly journals Monoarthritis of the Elbow Revealing Osteoid Osteoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. E202145
Author(s):  
Najlae El Ouardi ◽  
Siham Sadni ◽  
Laila Taoubane ◽  
Aziza Mounach ◽  
Ahmed Bezza
Keyword(s):  
Osteoid Osteoma ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography Scan ◽  
Arthroscopic Excision ◽  
Rare Site ◽  
Tomography Scan

Osteoid osteoma is a rare benign osteoblastic tumor that mainly occurs in the extra-articular segments of lower limb long bones. The elbow is an exceptional location for osteoid osteoma. The diagnosis is usually delayed since the elbow is a rare site for this tumor and unspecific clinical signs, such monoarthritis, may mimic other more common conditions. We report the case of a 16-year-old girl who presented with chronic monoarthritis of the elbow which was treated falsely as tuberculous arthritis and monoarticular rheumatoid involvement. The laboratory tests were negative. Computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging showed the focal nidus at the coronoid process of the ulna with mild synovitis. The diagnosis of osteoid osteoma was not made until the disease had been progressing for eighteen months and the elbow had already become stiff. Arthroscopic excision of the lesion was performed, and histopathology of the nidus was consistent with osteoid osteoma. Since then, the patient has been pain-free with an improved elbow range of motion.

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