scholarly journals Translation of Religious Terminology: al-fat-h al-islami as a Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Ali Al-Halawani
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Translation Product ◽  
Lexical Analysis ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Islamic Conquest

<p>This paper is an attempt to illustrate the importance of understanding the religious and cultural background of the ST in the translation process in order to reach an accurate and precise translation product in the TL. The paper affirms that differences between cultures may cause complications which are even more serious for the translator than those arising from differences in language structures. The sample of the study is concerned with an Islamic term, namely <em>al-fat-<span style="text-decoration: underline;">h</span> al-Islami-</em>commonly rendered into English as <em>Islamic Conquest</em> or <em>Invasion-</em> a religiously and culturally bound term/concept. The paper starts by defining culture, and then follows with an extensive lexical analysis of the selected term/concept. The study proves that it is difficult to translate this concept into the TL simply due to the lack of optimal or even near optimal cultural equivalents. The skill and the intervention of the translator are most crucial in this respect because, above all, translation is an act of communication. It is hoped that this study will provide a more precise equivalent of this significant concept; a matter which may better reflect the innate peaceful nature of Islam as a religion. The in-depth descriptive analytical method this study follows can be used to analyze other religiously and culturally bound terms/concepts.</p>

scholarly journals Images of scales

Jezikoslovlje ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-84
Author(s):  
Gašper Ilc ◽  
Frančiška Lipovšek
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Lexical Selection ◽  
Lexical Analysis ◽  
Idiomatic Expressions ◽  
Cultural Properties ◽  
Contrastive Linguistics ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
Polarity Sensitive

The paper investigates the syntactic, semantic, and cultural properties of minimizers and maximizers from a contrastive perspective. Minimizers and maximizers are scalar constructions whose function is to strengthen the speaker’s (negative) assertion by pointing to the minimal (minimizers) or the maximal (maximizers) point on a pragmatic scale. The syntactic analysis reveals that these items are predominantly sub-clausal (V+NP/PP or NP/PP), and polarity sensitive, requiring the presence of a polarity licenser. The lexical analysis identifies three possibilities with regard to lexical selections in the two languages: a complete, partial, and a non-existent lexico-semantic overlap. Furthermore, the corpus data indicate that there is considerable variation in the lexical items appearing in minimizers and maximizers (e.g., give a damn/shit/toss/fuck/monkey’s/fig/rat’s ( arse , ass, fart)/hoot). Even though minimizers and maximizers in both languages involve the metaphor more is up, less is down / good is up, bad is down and part-for-whole metonymy, the analysis shows that the lexical selection in the two languages diverges due to different cultural conceptualisations and cultural background. The observation and results of the analysis presented herein aim at contributing to a better understanding of idiomatic expressions from the viewpoint of contrastive linguistics, cultural studies, and cultural conceptualisation.

scholarly journals Al-Tāsāmuḥ al-Islāmī fī al-Futūḥāt al-Islāmiyyah; Fatḥ Miṣr Namūdzaj

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Mukhamad Hadi Musolin Subagio ◽  
Rido Uwais Hasan Surur
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
Islamic Conquest ◽  
The City ◽  
Egyptian History ◽  
Muslim Scholars ◽  
The Way

The story of the Islamic conquest of Egypt is one of the most exciting episodes of Egyptian history. Not because of the events and battles that accompanied the conquest, but rather because of the enormous effects and developments that have resulted in the history of Egypt and its people in terms of religion, language, culture,  etc. As for the march of conquest, the conduct of armies, and the war against the soldiers, they were subjected to many statements by historians, and there were conflicting reports about the conquest of Egypt, and was this conquest reconciled with a covenant, or by force? The way Egypt was conquered went in a way that contrasts with its conquests in the City of Shams and others. Also, the march of opening Egypt was subjected to multiple suspicions and myths that have no basis, some were able to attach to the history of the Islamic conquests of Egypt, but Allah defended the conquests through the writings of Muslim and non-Muslim scholars. This paper comes to reveal aspects of greatness in Islamic tolerance with the Christians of Egypt, which was their main reason for converting to Islam.  This study used the historical, critical and analytical method to present facts and discuss ideas. Among the most important results: the proof of tolerance in theory and in reality concerning the conquest of Egypt, the conversion of Egyptians to Islam because of its grace and ease, and rejecting the myth of the march of the Islamic conquest of Egypt from the beginning to the end.

From ‘Is’ to ‘Ought’

Target ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Chesterman
Keyword(s):  
Translation Studies ◽  
Translation Product ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Professional Norms ◽  
Target Source ◽  
General Translation

Abstract Translation studies need to cater for both description and evaluation. This can be achieved via the study of translation norms. The norms governing translation are: (a) professional norms concerning the translation process (= norms of accountability, communication and target-source relation); and (b) expectancy norms concerning the form of the translation product, based on the expectations of the prospective readership. While general translation laws account for the behaviour of translators in general, normative laws describe the translation behaviour of a subset of translators, namely, competent professionals, who establish the norms. Normative laws originate in rational, normdirected strategies which are observed to be used by professionals. These laws are empirical, spatio-temporally falsifiable, probabilistic, predictive and explanatory.

scholarly journals Charles Olsen translates Lilián Pallares

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlse Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Background ◽  
Black Culture ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
African Dance ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Insight Into

Lilian Pallares is a Colombian poet and actress living in Spain where she has recently published her third collection of poems Bestial (Olifante, 2019). Together we share our passion for writing and have created the shows Agita Flamenco and Palabra Azul, poesía del agua, performing in Venice, Madrid, Barcelona, and Soria. As well as traveling to Colombia with Lilián, I have been present during the creation of many of these poems and at the moments that inspired some of them. This shared journey and the insight into her world and cultural background, as well as her being on hand to ask any questions I may have, has been a great help during the translation process. The poems in Bestial are grouped into four sections: Primitiva, Carnal, Viperina and Insurrecta (Primitive, Carnal, Fork-tongued and Insurgent) and I have selected one from each for this translation. They draw on Lilián’s Afro-Colombian roots, mixed with her life in Madrid and her experience of black culture and African dance. They gradually move from the universal to the personal and autobiographical, particularly her relationship with her late father.

scholarly journals From Tabermann to Mr. Baudelaire. Allusions and popular culture references in the Finnish comic Northern Overexposure and their English translations

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-110
Author(s):  
Laura Santoo
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
English Translations ◽  
Insight Into

Comics, as other written works, contains allusions that serve many functions and might be difficult to translate due to cultural differences. The aim of this article is to analyse the selected allusions and popular culture references in the Finnish comic Northern Overexposure and compare the Finnish source text with the English target text. In addition, the function of these allusions as well as the relevant cultural background are covered. The examples were analysed with Ritva Leppihalme’s (1997) strategies for translating allusions. The article also provides insight into the Finnish field of comics and the translation process of the selected comic.

“It was on my mind all day”

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waltraud Kolb
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Ernest Hemingway ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Translation Product ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Working From Home

Abstract This paper explores authentically situated translation processes of literary translators, based on an empirical study of five professional German literary translators translating a short story by Ernest Hemingway. It focuses on macro-level workplace dynamics: How do translators working from home organize their task? With whom do they interact? Situational factors will emerge as constitutive elements of translatorial cognition and action, and it will be shown how the fragmentation of the translation process and the blurring of boundaries between the professional and personal spheres of life significantly impact the emergence of the translator’s voice and the translation product.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF THE WORK OF NOVICE TRANSLATORS ON THE QUALITY OF THE TRANSLATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Ida Ayu Made Puspani
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Background ◽  
Target Language ◽  
English Department ◽  
Translation Product ◽  
Connotative Meaning ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Department Faculty ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Contextual Meaning

This article aims at finding out the impact of the translation product and its readability conducted by the fourth semester students of the English Department Faculty Arts Udayana University 2017. The study was conducted by investigating the students` work on English-Indonesian translation class. There were 40 students as the participants, and they were given task to translate text from English into Indonesian. The results show that there were many distorted meaning of the SL in the translation, this is due to the lack of the ability of the students in understanding the meanings, such as contextual meaning and connotative meaning though they were given basic theory of translation, and how the source language English is different from the target language in terms of linguistics as well as cultural background. Keywords: novice .translator, impact, quality  

scholarly journals Loss and Gain in Translation of Culture-Specific Items in Ahmad Tohari’s Lintang Kemukus: A Semantic Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Leni Tiwiyanti ◽  
Ayu Bandu Retnomurti
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Background ◽  
Unrelated Word ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Loan Word ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Given ◽  
Descriptive Method

Culture-specific items (CSIs) are difficult to translate since they are related to cultural knowledge and cultural background of the given culture. The distance and differences between two different cultures determine the extent of the gain or loss that will be exprienced by the CSIs as they are translated. From Indonesian into English The purposes of this research were to identify the translation procedures applied in translating CSIs which caused loss and gained in the translation process and to identify how the translator compensated the loss in translating CSIs. The method used was qualitative descriptive method. The result shows that loss is more prevalent than gain although the translator has enough knowledge on the source text culture as he has spent some years doing some researches in Banyumas society. There are two kinds of losses found in this research; inevitable and avertable losses. Translation procedures used which result in loss in translation are translation by a more general word (subordinate), translation by a more neutral/less expressive word and translation by cultural substitution. Gain is realized mostly through the creativity of the translator when they are able to explain the culture-specific items for effectivecommunication. In order to compensate the loss that might have occurred, translator uses some translation procedures. They are translation by loan word with explanation, translation by paraphrase using related word, and translation by paraphrase using unrelated word. In short, gain in translation for better communication is not easy to achieve especially in the case oftranslating CSIs.

Shorter than a text, longer than a sentence

Target ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-124
Author(s):  
Arndt Heilmann ◽  
Tatiana Serbina ◽  
Daniel Couto Vale ◽  
Stella Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Translation Product ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Text Condition

Abstract This paper investigates what effect the length of the source text has both on the translation process and on the translation product. In an eye-tracking and keystroke logging experiment, we compared three conditions, namely full texts, three-sentence sequences and single sentences as source items. The results suggest that translations of single sentences differ significantly from full texts, whereas three-sentence sequences are representative of the full text condition. Therefore, research in process-based translation studies might benefit from using shorter source texts without endangering the ecological validity of experiments.

Social Dimensions of Hermeneutical Translation

2018 ◽  
pp. 143-176
Author(s):  
Mohammad Alavi
Keyword(s):  
Systems Theory ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Translation Product ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Social Systems Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Level

This paper uses Luhmann’s theory of (social) systems to distinguish between psychic and communicative understandings. The former occurs at the psychic level and the latter at the social level. It argues that while hermeneutical translation adequately describes how, during the translation process, the translating subject comes to a particular understanding of the text, it does not sufficiently explain the communicative understanding involved when she selects linguistic equivalences for the translation product. In detailing the two levels of understanding, this paper seeks to dispel the illusion of incompatibility between hermeneutics and systems theory. It also suggests that hermeneutics and social systems theory can complement each other to explain the psychological and social dimensions of the translator’s task.

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