scholarly journals The Complimenting Behavior of Iraqi College Students: Same-Gender Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Jathla Mahmood ◽  
Osamah Ali
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Gender Study ◽  
Effective Factor ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Same Gender

This study aims at finding out the similarities and differences in complimenting behavior of same-gender Iraqi college students: (male-male, and female-female). Eighty students (40 males, and 40 females) from the Iraqi University participated in the current study. The data is collected by using a questionnaire. The results show that men and women compliment in exactly the same frequencies. Women favor appearance as a compliment topic while men favor ability & skill. Both men and women compliment mainly to strengthen relationships. Being from a city other than Baghdad proved to be an effective factor on some of the results. The results are analyzed, discussed, and compared to the work of previous researchers.

Come-ons and Put-offs: Unmarried Students' Strategies for Having and Avoiding Sexual Intercourse

1979 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi B. McCormick
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Questionnaire Study ◽  
Sexual Encounter ◽  
Sex Role Attitudes ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sexual Encounters

One-hundred and twenty male and 109 female unmarried college students participated in a questionnaire study of actual and expected male-female differences in the use of 10 strategies for having and avoiding sexual intercourse. As predicted, both men and women viewed strategies for having sex as used predominantly by males and strategies for avoiding sex as used predominantly by females. However, sex-role attitudes were unrelated to students' expectations of sexual encounters. Both traditional and profeminist students expected that strategies for having sex would be used predominantly by males and strategies for avoiding sex would be used predominantly by females. It appeared that students still stereotyped having sex as a male goal and avoiding sex as a female goal. Men and women were unexpectedly similar in their personal strategies for influencing a sexual encounter. Both men and women reported using more indirect strategies to have sex and more direct strategies to avoid having sex. These findings suggest that when men and women share the same goals (such as having or avoiding sex), expected differences between male and female influencing agents disappear

Gender Stereotypes after Thirty Years: A Replication of Rosenkrantz, et al. (1968)

2000 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muriel N. Nesbitt ◽  
Nolan E. Penn
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Partial Replication ◽  
High Agreement ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Very High

This study is a partial replication of the 1968 investigation by Rosenkrantz, Vogel, Bee, Broverman, and Broverman of gender stereotypes among college students. Like the students studied 30 years ago, male and female participants in this study showed very high agreement about the typical characteristics of men and women. However, current participants identified significantly fewer gender stereotypes than did those in the earlier study. In contrast to the participants in the original study, current participants judged the traits they associated with women to be significantly more socially desirable, in general, than the traits they associated with men.

Changes in Self-Concept during Therapeutic Community Treatment: A Comparison of Male and Female Drug Abusers

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara L. Wheeler ◽  
D. Vincent Biase ◽  
Arthur P. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Therapeutic Community ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Community Treatment ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Drug Abusers ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Community Treatment

Self-concepts of men and women in treatment in a therapeutic community were tested using the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS). Testing occurred at four points, the first between three and six months after entering treatment, and again at approximately four month intervals. The 127 males and 42 females were part of the Daytop Miniversity project, in which the effect of enrollment as matriculated college students on self-concept was one area which was tested. Changes in the selfconcepts of men and women as measured by five empirically derived factors, plus the scales of the TSCS, are traced. Particularly striking are the negative selfconcepts of females preparing to leave treatment in the areas of acceptance by family, self, and peers. An awareness of these problem areas may suggest different treatment strategies for women as they near the end of treatment.

Use of Animal and opposite Drawings in Assessment of Gender Identity of Young Adults

1981 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 987-993
Author(s):  
Michael Fleming ◽  
Deborah Cohen ◽  
Patricia Salt
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female College ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Drawing Technique

The results of an analysis of responses to the Animal and Opposite Drawing Technique are presented for 134 male and female college students matched on age and education. The majority of both men and women drew same-sexed animals first, and just over half drew second animals which they identified as being of the opposite sex of their first drawings. Implications for the use of this technique to assess an individual's gender identity and other prominent concerns are discussed.

scholarly journals A comparison of men’s and women’s perceptions of the female body using a multidimensional scaling analysis of naturalistic stimuli

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 205510291985466
Author(s):  
Deana D Diekhoff ◽  
George M Diekhoff ◽  
Michael A Vandehey
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling Analysis ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Gender Similarities ◽  
Women’S Perceptions ◽  
Similarity Judgments ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Composite Maps

Men and women worked with 25 naturalistic photos of females representing varied physiques. Similarity judgments of the photos were analyzed using multidimensional scaling analysis to produce composite maps for male and female participants. A comparison of the maps showed gender similarities and differences. Both genders used almost identical attributes in judging similarities and identified almost identical body types, but men were more inclusive in identifying ideal females; men included curvaceous females that were rejected by women. Women identified very thin females that were rejected by men. Men were affectively most positive toward female ideals; women were most positive to near-ideals.

A Comparison of Male and Female College Students' Experiences of Sexual Coercion

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia F. O'Sullivan ◽  
E. Sandra Byers ◽  
Larry Finkelman
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Great Degree ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female College

Research comparing men's and women's experiences of sexual coercion has typically assessed differences in prevalence rates and risk. We extended this line of research by comparing the contexts of sexual coercion and reactions to sexually coercive experiences in an attempt to understand the meanings that men and women attribute to these events. Participants were 433 randomly selected college students who responded to an anonymous survey. In line with past research, more men than women reported being sexually coercive, and more women than men reported being sexually coerced in the preceding year. There was a great degree of correspondence between men's and women's reports of the contexts within which sexual coercion occurred. According to their reports, sexual coercion occurred primarily within the heterosexual dating context. Compared to men, however, women reported more negative reactions and stronger resistance to the use of sexual coercion. These findings emphasize how comparisons of prevalence rates alone may obscure important differences in the phenomenology of sexually coercive incidents for men and women. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for the development of education and prevention programs and the need to reevaluate current approaches to interpreting prevalence reports.

What is in a Smile?

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francine M. Deutsch ◽  
Dorothy LeBaron ◽  
Maury March Fryer
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Nonverbal Behavior ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female College ◽  
Verbal Descriptions ◽  
Average Woman

Women have been observed to smile more than men in a variety of social contexts. In order to investigate the consequences of this sex difference for the way men and women are perceived, male and female college students rated the characteristics of men and women depicted in verbal descriptions accompanied by photographs in which they either smiled or did not smile. In control conditions these targets were rated without accompanying photographs. The findings showed that the absence of smiles had a greater impact on perceptions of women than on perceptions of men. When not smiling, women were perceived as less happy, less carefree and less relaxed than were men. Moreover, nonsmiling women were rated less happy, less warm, less relaxed and less carefree than the average woman, whereas smiling men were rated more favorably on those traits than the average man. These results suggest that different standards are applied to men and women. If women fail to perform expressive and warm nonverbal behavior, they will be evaluated more harshly than men.

scholarly journals Language of College Dating: A Gender Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Tomassi
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Social Expectations ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gender Study ◽  
College Dating ◽  
Linguistic Behavior ◽  
Gender Impacts ◽  
University Setting

Dating has an entire set of social expectations and norms, but these practices are very particular and unique in a university setting. This essay explores the linguistic tendencies of college students to describe the dating scene, and it also compares the use of language by gender. The results of this study show that men and women tend to have similar attitudes toward college dating, but their linguistic behavior suggests that gender impacts the manner in which students approach the topic in their daily conversations.

scholarly journals Cross-cultural semantic equivalence of some gender-related words

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 7-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Lazović
Keyword(s):  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Semantic Change ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Semantic Equivalence ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Job Titles ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Over Time

This paper explores similarities and differences between two cultures, English and Serbian, in terms of connotative equivalence of some gender-related words. In both languages there exist myriad pairs of words that historically differentiated male and female gender only, but which, over time, have unexplainably gained different connotations. Usually the semantic change can be seen in words describing women; words which once used to be neutral or positive have acquired negative and/or sexual connotations. The well-known example of bachelor and spinster (neženja and usedelica in Serbian) is just one among many. Based on the male/female pairs of words analysed in these two languages, the paper examines the following: (1) whether it is possible that in both cultures such words (un)intentionally carry the same derogatory and pejorative meanings, (2) whether semantic derogation equally applies to male and female words, and (3) whether and how often the connotation changes to negative when words refer to women. Finally, it addresses the issue of potential semantic derogation when using different job titles for men and women in both languages.

Effect of Ballot Color, Sex of Candidate, and Sex of College Students of Voting Age on Their Voting Behavior

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Garrett ◽  
Charles I. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Political Office ◽  
Voting Age

College students were asked to vote for one of two hypothetical candidates for political office. Three studies examined the influence of color of ballot (pink or green), sex of candidate, and sex of voter. Men generally preferred a green ballot and women preferred pink. Also, men tended to vote for men, and women tended to vote for women. Color of ballot interacted with candidate's sex in an unexpected way. For both male and female voters, the highest preference shown for a candidate was when the candidate was the same sex as the voter but whose platform was printed on the less favorable color.

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