scholarly journals Archery: Emotion Intensity Regulation to Stay in the Zone during Olympic Competition

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Jolly Roy ◽  
Edin Suwarganda
Keyword(s):  
Sport Performance ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Performance Score ◽  
Performance Outcome ◽  
Individual Zone ◽  
Emotion Intensity ◽  
Target Set ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual

<p>Understanding emotional influence that affect sport performance in archery helps to design the appropriate intervention in athlete’s preparation. The present study examined the effect of emotion intensity from four Olympic level recurve archers on error scores and performance outcomes; compared individual emotion intensities of three competing archers during Olympic competition with previously established individual optimal zone; and examined the influence of being “in or out of individual zone” relating the archer’s achievement with the individual target set by the coach and performance outcome during Olympic competition. The results revealed that unpleasant dysfunctional emotion (N-) had the most influence on performance score. The in-out of zone results derived from the archers data lend support to emotion-performance relationship.</p>

Humanistic Theory in Sport, Performance, and Sports Coaching Psychology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca K. Dickinson ◽  
Tristan J. Coulter ◽  
Clifford J. Mallett
Keyword(s):  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sports Coaching

As a basic psychological framework, humanistic theory emphasizes a strong interest in human welfare, values, and dignity. It involves the study and understanding of the unique whole person and how people can reach a heightened sense of self through the process of self-actualization. The focus within humanism to encourage and foster people to be “all they can be” and develop a true sense of self links to a strengths-based approach in sports coaching and the defining principles of positive psychology. In the field of sport and performance psychology, positive psychology has been influential as a discipline concerned with the optimal functioning and human flourishing of performers. Since the 2000s, many sport and performance psychologists have embraced positive psychology as a theoretical basis for examining consistent and superior human performance. However, in the modern history of psychological science, positive psychology is not a new phenomenon; rather, it stems from humanism—the traditional “third wave” in psychology (after the dominance of psychoanalytic and behaviorist approaches). Sport is recognized as a potentially influential context through which people at all levels and backgrounds can thrive. The tendency to focus on performance outcomes, however—winning and losing—often overshadows the potential of sport to achieve this aspirational goal. As evidence of this view, many high-performing athletes are commenting on their distressing experiences to reach the top and the “culture of fear” they have been exposed to as they pursue their own and others’ (e.g., institutional) ambitions (e.g., medaling at the Olympic Games). Humanism concerns itself with the quality of a person’s life, which includes, but also extends beyond such objective and classifying achievements. It is a person-centered approach to understanding the individual and his or her psychological, emotional, and behavioral reality. It seeks to help people define this reality more clearly in such a way that will help them feel good and perform at a high level. Humanism has been, therefore, an important school of thought for improving the lives and experiences of people who play sport as well as those who perform in various other contexts.

Developing Athletes in the Context of Sport and Performance Psychology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc J. Martin ◽  
David J. Hancock ◽  
Jean Côté
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Performance Psychology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Early Specialization ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Athletic Development

Talent development in sport is achieved through years of preparation and requires constant interaction between personal and contextual resources. Accordingly, extensive research has been dedicated to understanding factors that contribute to sport performance. Literature suggests the factors influencing athletic development can be classified in terms of the physical environment, the social environment, and engaging learning activities. Investigations pertaining to the physical environment suggest the importance of appropriate settings, which can relate to the sport organization or the larger community. Researchers must also cogitate the activities in which athletes take part. These considerations involve the maturational status of athletes, the volume of deliberate practice and play, and early specialization versus diversification. Finally, the salience of the social environment in relation to sport performance cannot be overlooked. Not surprisingly, the relations established with social agents (i.e., coaches, peers/teammates, parents) can facilitate or impede the developmental process. Consequently, the development of athletes in the context of sport and performance psychology extends past the individual and is influenced by several factors that must be discussed.

Advancing the use of performance evaluation in health care

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Traberg ◽  
Peter Jacobsen ◽  
Nadia Monique Duthiers
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Performance Reporting ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework for health care performance evaluation that enables decision makers to identify areas indicative of corrective actions. The framework should provide information on strategic pro-/regress in an operational context that justifies the need for organizational adjustments. Design/methodology/approach – The study adopts qualitative methods for constructing the framework, subsequently implementing the framework in a Danish magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) unit. Workshops and interviews form the basis of the qualitative construction phase, and two internal and five external databases are used for a quantitative data collection. Findings – By aggregating performance outcomes, collective measures of performance are achieved. This enables easy and intuitive identification of areas not strategically aligned. In general, the framework has proven helpful in an MRI unit, where operational decision makers have been struggling with extensive amounts of performance information. Research limitations/implications – The implementation of the framework in a single case in a public and highly political environment restricts the generalizing potential. The authors acknowledge that there may be more suitable approaches in organizations with different settings. Practical implications – The strength of the framework lies in the identification of performance problems prior to decision making. The quality of decisions is directly related to the individual decision maker. The only function of the framework is to support these decisions. Originality/value – The study demonstrates a more refined and transparent use of performance reporting by combining strategic weight assignment and performance aggregation in hierarchies. In this way, the framework accentuates performance as a function of strategic progress or regress, thus assisting decision makers in exerting operational effort in pursuit of strategic alignment.

scholarly journals The Profile of Moods States and Athletic Performance: A Meta-Analysis of Published Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-70
Author(s):  
Marc Lochbaum ◽  
Thaís Zanatta ◽  
Deylon Kirschling ◽  
Emily May
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Profile Of Mood States ◽  
Performance Outcome ◽  
Competitive Athletes ◽  
Health Model

Researchers have extensively examined and reviewed the relationship of the profile of mood states (POMS) with sport performance since the 1970s. Two decades have passed since the last POMS quantitative review. Our overall objective was to quantify the POMS research with competitive athletes with a prospective measured POMS and a sport performance outcome in the published literature. Additionally, we tested potential moderators of the mental health model (i.e., sport duration, type, and skill) with meta-analytic techniques while considering potential risk bias across study sources. Based on a systematic review, the articles were found using EBSCO and comparing these articles with extensive past POMS in sport and exercise bibliographies. Search terms included profile of mood states (POMS) or iceberg profile or the mental health model with sport and performance or sports performance. For selection, articles must have reported data on competitive athletes, an athletic performance outcome, and a valid form of the POMS measured prospectively. After screening more than 600 articles for inclusion, 25 articles provided sufficient data for effect size calculations. The included articles spanned from 1975 to 2011, with 1497 unique participants. Hedges’ g values were generally small for the six POMS scales: tension (−0.21), depression (−0.43), anger (−0.08), vigor (0.38), fatigue (−0.13), and confusion (−0.41). However, the total mood disturbance (TMD) score effect size was medium in magnitude at −0.53. When corrected for potential publication bias, the effect size values increased in magnitude for tension (−0.47), depression (−0.64), vigor (0.44), fatigue (−0.34), and TMD (−0.84). Moderator analyses for Terry’s (1995) propositions and for risk of bias across studies, statistically, resulted in few differences based on conventional statistical significance (p < 0.05). Measured before performance, most of the POMS scales and TMD are reliable predictors of sport performance in competitive athletes across a wide variety of sports and athletic performance outcomes. Morgan’s (1980, 1985) mental health model or iceberg profile minus anger is still a viable method for understanding and improving athletic performances.

scholarly journals The Athletic Intelligence Quotient and Performance Outcomes in Professional Baseball

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Kenneth Bowman ◽  
R. Thomas Boone ◽  
Scott Goldman ◽  
Alex Auerbach
Keyword(s):  
Intelligence Quotient ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Professional Baseball ◽  
Minor League Baseball ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Minor League ◽  
Coaching Process ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

The focus on quantifiable data in sport performance has led to incremental advantages in baseball and has played an important role in the development of new hitting, pitching, fielding, and coaching strategies. Recently, researchers and team representatives have considered the impact of additional factors in baseball, including cognitive functioning. In this study, predictive validity for the Athletic Intelligence Quotient (AIQ) was examined vis-à-vis performance outcomes in professional baseball. Specifically, AIQ scores were obtained from 149 Minor League Baseball (MiLB) players prior to the 2014 baseball season and their subsequent performance was assessed through traditional and newly emphasized baseball statistics. Using hierarchical multiple regression, it was demonstrated that the AIQ predicted statistically significant relationships with hitting and pitching statistics, after controlling for other variables. Given the recent impact of analytics in professional sports, the potential importance of the AIQ in the selection and coaching process was discussed.

scholarly journals Employee Responses to Empowering Leadership: A Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minseo Kim ◽  
Terry A. Beehr ◽  
Matthew S. Prewett
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Organizational Outcomes ◽  
Employee Motivation ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Empowering Leadership ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Employee Responses

A recent and growing number of studies examined how empowering leadership influences employee outcomes. At the individual level, we meta-analyzed 55 independent samples to determine the association between empowering leader behaviors and subordinates’ responses. Results confirmed the positive links of empowering leadership with evaluations of the leader as well as with employee motivation and resources, attitudes, and performance; the strongest correlation was between empowering leadership and attitudes toward the leader (ρ = .59), whereas the weakest correlation was for empowering leadership with behavioral and performance outcomes (ρ = .31). However, the relationship of empowering leadership with subordinates’ emotions was not significant. Examination of potential moderators, including rating sources, nationality of sample, gender, and industry, did not explain much of the heterogeneity in the results. In sum, findings highlight the potential benefit of empowering leadership for individual and organizational outcomes. Thus, more knowledge about what causes empowering leadership could be useful.

Effects of Cooperation and Competition on Performance, Emotion, and Effort: Goal and Means Interdependence

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Christopher Ring ◽  
Maria Kavussanu ◽  
Andrew Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Individual Performance ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Task Structure ◽  
Social Interdependence ◽  
Interdependence Theory ◽  
Social Interdependence Theory ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual

Social interdependence theory proposes that task structure influences performance via social interaction. Using this framework, we examined sport performance. Fifty-six males performed a basketball task under four conditions: as an individual (individual, perform your best) and as a member of a team of two (cooperation, where teammates sought to better their individual performance; means independent competition, where two teams competed sequentially to outperform the other team; means interdependent competition, where two teams competed simultaneously to outperform the other team). Task performance (points) was better during means independent competition than other conditions. Anxiety and effort peaked during the competitions and enjoyment was greater during competition and cooperation than during the individual condition. Emotions, effort, and actions are discussed as explanations for the performance effects. Social interdependence theory provides a valuable framework to understand emotion, motivation, and performance. Team competition can be used to promote effort and enhance performance in sport.

scholarly journals Putting movement and performance outcome using standard, belly and long putters

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 532-539
Author(s):  
Ian A Sherwin ◽  
Ian C Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Standard Length ◽  
Head Rotation ◽  
Performance Outcome ◽  
Small Effect Size ◽  
Anchoring System ◽  
Final Score ◽  
M 12 ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Outcome Performance

In golf, play on the green has a large impact on final score and a great amount of time is spent on coaching and practice greens to improve putting performance. The study purpose was to measure putting outcome performance when different length putters were used with an anchoring mechanism. Seventy-two skilled golfers each executed a total of 60 putts using standard, belly and long putters from two distances. Putting mechanics were assessed using SAM PuttLab™. From 1.83 m (6 ft) participants holed 80.3% of putts with a standard length putter, dropping to 78.6 and 75.3% for belly and long-handled putters. At 3.66 m (12 ft) participants holed 51.7% of putts with a standard length putter, and 50.8 and 46.9% for belly and long-handled putters. Shot performance showed no significant differences between or within clubs. There were significant (p < 0.05) but small effect size between-club differences for swing time, putter head rotation and putter face impact spot. Results show that while anchoring may reduce putter head rotation it does not prevent rotation. It has been ascertained for a large cohort of different handicap golfers not accustomed to using longer putters that using an anchored putter will not necessarily provide a scoring advantage over using a standard putter without an anchoring system. Practice may better focus on the individual golfer’s specific technical weaknesses identified by the performer or by a coach.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Marketing Strategy Formulation in Biomedical Healthcare Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 466-470
Author(s):  
Praveen Kumar P ◽  
Subhasini J
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Marketing Plan ◽  
Target Market ◽  
Healthcare Industry ◽  
Strategy Formulation ◽  
Performance Outcome ◽  
Plan Selection ◽  
And Performance

Marketing strategies stimulate the firm to unearth areas that are being disturbed by several factors. This is adopted to determine the target market in order to achieve prosperity in the organization. An effective marketing strategy would perhaps help in captivating new customers as well as sustaining for the longer-term. Consequently, this can result in the following benefits such as products and services can be offered with exclusive components, effective department coordination, concentration on scarce resources, thereby building a better marketing plan, selection of target market for easy entry and accumulation of four marketing p's. As a result, the increase in sales can be achieved. The strategy should be effectively formulated to witness the performance outcome. This study focuses on the determinants of marketing strategy on performance outcomes.  The data captured from 119 marketing professionals in the field of the biomedical healthcare industry by using a questionnaire. The questionnaire includes variables to measure the demographic profile of the professionals and three constructs of marketing strategy creativity, marketing strategy improvisation, and performance outcome. Collected data were analyzed through analysis of frequency, mean, variance, and regression. Results show that marketing professionals have similar viewpoints on marketing strategies. The findings of the regression analysis argue that the improvisation determines performance outcomes in the marketing strategy

Individual Zone of Optimal Functioning (IZOF): A Probabilistic Estimation

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihito Kamata ◽  
Gershon Tenenbaum ◽  
Yuri L. Hanin
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Method ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Probabilistic Method ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Individual Zone ◽  
Optimal Functioning ◽  
The Individual

The Individual Zone of Optimal Functioning (IZOF) model postulates the functional relationship between emotions and optimal performance, and aims to predict the quality of upcoming performance with respect to the pre-performance emotional state of the performer. Several limitations associated with the traditional method of determining the IZOF are outlined and a new probabilistic approach is introduced instead. To reliably determine the boundaries of the IZOF and their associated probabilistic curve thresholds, performance outcomes that vary in quality, as well as the emotional intensity associated with them, are taken into account. Several probabilistic models of varying complexity are presented, along with hypothetical and real data to illustrate the concept. The traditional and the new methods are contrasted in one actual set and two hypothetical sets of data. In all cases the proposed probabilistic method was found to show greater sensitivity and to more accurately represent the data than the traditional method. The development of the method is a first stage toward developing models that take into account the interactive nature and multidimensionality of the emotional construct, as well as the fluctuations in emotional intensity and performance throughout the competition phases (i.e., momentum).

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