scholarly journals Rice Yield Components under Water Stress Imposed at Different Growth Stages

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Germani Concenço ◽  
José Maria Barbat Parfitt ◽  
Ivana Santos Moisinho ◽  
Marcos Valle Bueno ◽  
Jaqueline Trombetta da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Four Levels

We aimed to assess rice yield components as function of water stress imposed at distinct crop growth stages under greenhouse, in randomized block design under factorial scheme 3 × 4 + 1, with four replications. The factor “A” was the growth stage in which water stress was imposed, being (a) vegetative, (b) reproductive 1, and (c) reproductive 2; factor “B” was four levels of water stress (0-200 kPa). There was also an additional treatment consisting of a flooded check. Water was replenished to saturation every time the threshold stress was reached. At the end of the cycle, all panicles were counted and collected, per plant, for further analysis. In the lab, grains per panicle were counted, being classified either as whole kernel or aborted grains, whose results were used for obtaining sterility percentage. Whole kernel grains were weighted for obtaining the 1000 grains weight for each treatment, and the consequent plant grain yields. Number of panicles was not affected when stress was imposed after panicle initiation, but when imposed at tillering it was reduced; at grain filling, water stress promoted grains sterility higher than 90%; grain weight was only reduced when carbohydrates were directed to root formation in detriment of grain filling; lower rice grain yield per plant was observed even when treatments were maintained above 10kPa all along the cycle, compared to the flooded treatment.

scholarly journals Evapotranspiration and grain yield of upland rice as affected by water deficit

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 441-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleber M. Guimarães ◽  
Luís F. Stone ◽  
Ana C. de L. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Water Treatments

ABSTRACT To achieve an accurate phenotyping for drought tolerance, it is important to control water stress levels and timing. This study aimed to determine water use by upland rice plants during periods of irrigation withholding and its relationship with grain yield in order to increase the efficiency of this phenotyping. Two experiments were carried out in a randomized block design in which six water treatments (irrigation withholding for periods of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 days) were compared, with four replicates. In the first experiment, treatments were applied at the R3 stage (panicle exsertion) and, in the second, at the R5 stage (beginning of grain filling). The amount of water evapotranspired was determined by the difference between the soil water storage at the beginning and at the end of irrigation withholding periods, from the surface to 80-cm depth. Evapotranspiration of upland rice from R3 stage was higher compared to that observed from R5 stage, when subjected to similar irrigation withholding periods in both growth stages. Rice grain yield is more sensitive to irrigation withholding imposed from R5 stage than from R3 stage.

scholarly journals Performance of soybean plants subject to water deficit in different development stages

2021 ◽  
pp. 374-379
Author(s):  
Leonardo Pereira da Silva Brito ◽  
Farley Silva Santana ◽  
Gabriel dos Santos Carvalho ◽  
Daniela Vieira Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Number Of Branches ◽  
Phenological Phases

Soybean plants are constantly exposed to abiotic stresses that compromise production, among these, in areas of Brazilian Cerrado, mainly in the northeast region, periods of drought can occur due to irregular and summer rainfall. Thus, the objective of this work was to determine the physiological response of Monsoy 9350 soybean at different stages of development, when subjected to water stress. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in the experimental area of the campus of the Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI) in Bom Jesus-PI, assembled in a 3x3 factorial scheme, with water in the soil at three levels (50% VTP; 75% VTP and 100% VTP) and three phenological phases, budding to bloom (BF); bloom to complete grain filling (FE) and budding to complete grain filling (BE), the experiment consisted of 9 treatments, in a randomized block design, containing 4 replications. The evaluation of the experiment was standardized according to the phenological stages and not according to the time. The following variables were evaluated: plant height, internode length, internode thickness, number of branches, chlorophyll index, number of flowers, insertion of the first pod and number of pods. According to the evaluated results, the water stress in soybean for cultivating Monsoy 9350 mainly affects the period from budding to bloom, interfering negatively in height, chlorophyll and number of pods.

scholarly journals Response of common bean to Rhizobium reinoculation in topdressing

2022 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-282
Author(s):  
Itamar R. Teixeira ◽  
Paulo R. Lopes ◽  
Westefann S. Sousa ◽  
Gisele C. da S. Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Rhizobium Tropici ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Response Capacity ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Liquid Inoculant

ABSTRACT The response capacity of the bean to fix atmospheric nitrogen is questionable, mainly due to its inability to supply all the nitrogen in the flowering and grain filling phases when the crop needs it most. Thus, a new application of inoculant can keep the population of rhizobia in the soil at adequate levels, meeting all the nitrogen demands of the plant. This study aimed to investigate the nodulation capacity and the production of beans submitted to doses and reinoculation of Rhizobium in topdressing under field conditions in two growth stages. For this, an experiment was conducted using a randomized block design with four replicates in a 4 × 2 + 2 factorial scheme. The treatments consisted of the application of four doses of liquid inoculant containing Rhizobium tropici (SEMIA 4088), in the concentration 2 × 109 CFU g-1, in topdressing (0, 100, 200 and 400 mL ha-1), in two development stages (V4 and R5) of plants, and two additional treatments (inoculation via seed at a dose of 100 g of the product per 50 kg of seeds and mineral nitrogen fertilization at a dose of 16 kg ha-1 applied at sowing and 60 kg ha-1 in topdressing, divided into two stages, with half being applied at the stage V3 and the other half in V4 stage).The inoculant application increased the nodulation rates of bean cultivar BRS Cometa and the dry biomass produced by plants, using doses of 232 and 221 mL ha-1, respectively. The dose of 257mL ha-1 of the liquid inoculant applied in topdressing at the V4 stage, and the inoculation via seed provide greater common bean yield without supplementing mineral nitrogen.

scholarly journals Rice grain yield as affected by subsoiling, compaction on sowing furrow and seed treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 395-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veneraldo Pinheiro ◽  
Luís F. Stone ◽  
José A. F. Barrigossi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Quadratic Response

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the effects of subsoiling, compaction on sowing furrow and seed treatments with insecticides on the grain yield of upland rice cultivated under no-tillage. Two experiments were carried out, one in an area with and the other in an area without subsoiling, in which five seed treatments combined with five compaction pressures on the sowing furrow were compared in a randomized block design, in a factorial scheme, with three replicates. The seed treatments were: T0 - without treatment, T1 - imidacloprid + thiodicarb, T2 - thiamethoxam, T3 - carbofuran, and T4 - fipronil + pyraclostrobin + thiophanate methyl. The compaction pressures were: 25, 42, 126, 268 and 366 kPa. Subsoiling positively affected rice yield in the presence of higher compaction pressures on the sowing furrow. Seed treatment was effective at increasing rice grain yield only at the lowest compaction pressures. Rice yield showed quadratic response to compaction on the sowing furrow, with maximum values obtained at pressures ranging from 238.5 to 280.3 kPa.

Combining ability and heterosis studies across environments in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sood ◽  
N. Kalia ◽  
S. Bhateria
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Fibre Yield

Combining ability and heterosis were calculated for fourteen lines of linseed in a line × tester mating design using twelve lines and two diverse testers in two different environments. The hybrids and parental lines were raised in a completely randomized block design with three replications to investigate seed and fibre yield and their component traits. Genetic variation was significant for most of the traits over environments. Combining ability studies revealed that the lines KL-221 and LCK-9826 were good general combiners for seed yield and most of its components, whereas LMH-62 and LC-2323 were good general combiners for yield components only. Moreover, KL-221 was also a good general combiner for fibre yield. Similarly, B-509 and Ariane were good general combiners for fibre yield and most of its components. Among the specific cross combinations, B-509 × Flak-1 was outstanding for seed yield per plant and B-509 × KL-187 and LC-2323 × LCK-9826 for fibre yield per plant, with high SCA effects. In general, the hybrids excelled their respective parents and the standard checks for most of the characters studied. Based on the comparison of mean performance, SCA effects and the extent of heterosis, the hybrids LC-2323 × LCK-9826 and B-509 × KL-221 appeared to be the most promising for both seed and fibre yield. Other promising combinations were LC-2323 × KL-210 and B-509 × Ariane for seed and fibre yield, respectively. The superiority of LC-2323, LCK-9826, KL-221, B-509 and Ariane as good general combiners was further confirmed by the involvement of these parents in the desirable cross combinations.

Effectiveness of nitrogen and bio-fertilizer choice for improving growth and yield of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) during dry season

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-309
Author(s):  
Sukanta Pal ◽  
Megha Sana ◽  
Hirak Banerjee ◽  
Lhingneikim Lhungdim
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
N Dose ◽  
Dry Seasons

Effect of nitrogen and bio-fertilizer on growth and productivity of hybrid rice (cv. PHB 71) was assessed during dry seasons of 2017 and 2018 at Research Farm of BCKV under new alluvial zone of West Bengal. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with 12 treatment combinations having 4 levels of N and 3 types of bio-fertilizer replicated thrice. Application at 180 kg N/ha produced tallest plants at 90 DAT with maximum LAI (60 DAT), DMA (90 DAT), tillers/hill (90 DAT) and CGR (30-60 & 60-90 DAT). The same N rate resulted in highest panicles/m2, panicle length, panicle weight, filled grains/panicle and 1000-grain weight. A decrease in N dose from 180 to 150 kg/ha caused reduction in all those yield components; however, the variation was non-significant except for number of panicles/m2. Maximum grain yield, straw yield and harvest index was also achieved with 180 kg N/ha accounting 120.1, 34.9 and 32.8% more than the values obtained with zero-N; however, it was statistically at par with the yields and HI obtained with 150 kg N/ha. The Azospirillum application increased all the growth parameters, yield components and yield of hybrid rice over other tested bio-fertilizers (Azospirillum > PSB > K mobilizer), accounting 5.9 and 8.8% more than the yields obtained with PSB and K mobilizer. The interaction of N and bio-fertilizer exerted significant effect on growth attributes but failed to record any significant variations in yield components and yield of hybrid rice. The maximum economic benefit was achieved with combined application of 180 kg N/ha and Azospirillum.

scholarly journals Nitrogen topdressing and application ways of fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen in weed control and agronomic performance of common bean

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 2301-2307 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATHEUS G. SILVA ◽  
ORIVALDO ARF ◽  
PAULO E. TEODORO
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Leaf N Content ◽  
Leaf N

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of interaction between nitrogen topdressing and different application ways (active ingredients) a.i. fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen in weed control and agronomic performance of common bean. The experiment was conducted during winter 2003 in Selvíria/MS. The experimental design used was a randomized block design with four replications in a factorial scheme 2x7. The first factor was composed by the absence or presence of nitrogen topdressing, while the second factor consisted of different application ways of fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen. The following variables were measured: leaf N content, dry matter of plants, yield components (number of pods plant-1, number of grains plant-1, the average number of grains pod-1 and mass of 100 grains), grain yield, phytotoxicity and weed control percentage. The nitrogen topdressing with 75 kg ha-1provided higher dry matter of plants, higher weed control and higher common bean yield of irrigated winter. In the absence of nitrogen topdressing in the application of urea before or together to fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen increased their effectiveness in controlling weeds without interference in the agronomic performance of common bean.

scholarly journals Yield of castor bean fertilized with sewage sludge and potassium and magnesium sulphate

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 773-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thâmara F. M. Cavalcanti ◽  
Geraldo R. Zuba ◽  
Regynaldo A. Sampaio ◽  
João P. Carneiro ◽  
Ely S. A. de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Iron Copper ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
N Requirement ◽  
Bean Leaves

<title>ABSTRACT</title><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield and nutrition of castor bean in response to fertilization with sewage sludge and potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) sulphate. The experiment was carried out from January to July 2011. The treatments, in a randomized block design with three replicates, in a Nitosol, corresponded to a factorial scheme (2 x 4 +1): two doses of K and Mg sulphate combined with four doses of sewage sludge (0, 2.60, 5.20 and 10.40 t ha<sup>-1</sup>, dry basis), applied based on its nitrogen (N) content and the N requirement for the crop and an additional treatment with NPK. The castor bean grain yield fertilized with sewage sludge did not differ from conventional fertilization, with the maximum value achieved at a dose of 7.5 t ha<sup>-1</sup> of sewage sludge. The fertilization with sewage sludge increased zinc and copper levels in the soil to values close to or higher than those in conventional fertilization, without any influence on the concentrations in the leaf. Fertilization with K and Mg sulphate increased the levels of these cations in the soil without affecting the concentrations in the leaves. The fertilization with sewage sludge increased the contents of organic matter, sulfur, zinc, iron, copper and boron in the soil, and manganese and boron in castor bean leaves.</p>

scholarly journals Genotype selection and addition of fertilizer increases grain yield in upland rice in Suriname

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Stephan NASCENTE ◽  
Ruby KROMOCARDI
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACT The upland rice farmers in Suriname use local varieties and low level technologies in the field. As a result, the upland rice grain yield is low, at about 1 000 kg ha-1. Our objective was to evaluate the use of upland rice cultivars from Suriname and Brazil, and the effect of nitrogen, N, phosphorus, P, and potassium, K, fertilizers on cultivation variables. We undertook four field trials in the Victoria Area, in the Brokopondo District, using a randomized block design each with four replications. The most productive rice varieties were BRS Esmeralda (grain yield 2 903 kg ha-1) and BRS Sertaneja (2 802 kg ha-1). The highest grain yield of 2 620 kg ha-1 was achieved with a top dressing application of 76.41 kg N ha-1 20 days after sowing. For P, the highest grain yield of 3 085 kg ha-1 was achieved with application of 98.06 kg ha-1 P2O5 applied at sowing. An application rate of 31.45 kg ha-1 of K2O at sowing achieved the highest grain yield of 2 952 kg ha-1. Together, these application rates of N, P and K resulted in rice grain yield of about 3 000 kg ha-1, which is three times greater than the national average for upland rice. We demonstrate that the use of improved rice varieties matched to the local conditions, and application of appropriate fertilizers, are management practices that can result in significant increases in rice grain yield in Suriname.

scholarly journals Different levels of shade on population of grasshoppers and its oviposition preference on heliconias

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Bittar ◽  
Elen de Lima Aguiar-Menezes ◽  
José Guilherme Marinho Guerra ◽  
Janaína Ribeiro Costa Rouws ◽  
Luiz Augusto de Aguiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Light Requirements ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Preferred Species ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACT: Grasshoppers of the families Acrididae and Romaleidae (Orthoptera) are among the insects that defoliate heliconias and have been gaining status as pests of commercial crops of these plants in Brazil. The objectives of the present study were to identify the grasshopper defoliating heliconias in the municipality of Santo Antônio de Pádua, RJ (Brazil), to evaluate the effect of different levels of shade on the population of this grasshopper and the production parameters of heliconias, and to determine if this grasshopper has an oviposition preference among the heliconias evaluated. The experiment was in a completely randomized block design, in subdivided plots (four levels of shade in the plot, 0%, 30%, 50% and 80%, and four species of Heliconia: H. psittacorum, H. stricta, H. wagneriana and H. psittacorum x H. spathocircinata ‘Golden Torch’ in the subplot), with four replications. The grasshopper was identified as Cornops frenatum frenatum (Acrididae). An increase in shade resulted in a decrease in the number of oviposition holes from the grasshopper and the number of lateral buds. Shade did not influence the number of C. f. frenatum nymphs and adults and the number of flower stems. H. wagneriana was the most preferred species for oviposition by C. f. frenatum. Results suggested using screens to shade heliconia plants can help control C. f. frenatum populations, however, the light requirements of the heliconias should be considered to guarantee productivity.

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