Biological Quality Indicators of a Haplortox Soil Under Different Management Systems in Southern Brazil

The research was looking for the quick response of soil's microbiota to soil changes caused by management systems, changes to which biological indicators of soil quality are sensitive. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the impacts of seven soil management systems, including in on hand covers of Pennisetum glaucum (PG), Avena strigosa (AS), Stizolobium aterrimum (SA), EF Pisum sativum (PS) + Avena strigosa (AS), and on the other hand, No soil tillage with gypsum application (NTSG), No soil tillage with scarification (NTSS) and No soil tillage (NTS), on soil quality bioindicators. The bioindicators recorded from top soil samples were collected from the first 10 cm at pre-planting, at pre-flowering and at post-harvest of the soybean, from July 2014 to March 2015 were Total organic carbon (TOC), Soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), Soil basal respiration, Respiratory coefficient (qCO2), Microbial coefficient (qMIC), and its relationship with soybean yields. The seven treatments were arranged in the field according to a completely randomized experimental, Analysis of variance (Anova) for each of the bioindicators and comparison of treatment mean values using Tukey test at 5% probability were carried out. SA, the AS+PS consortium and the no-tillage system led to significant improvement of the biological attributes of the soil. The management systems did not change the yield of soybean grain.

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CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES UNDER DIFFERENT SOIL COVER

CERNE ◽

10.1590/01047760201723012228 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 19-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Elaine Novak ◽

Laércio Alves Carvalho ◽

Etenaldo Felipe Santiago ◽

Irzo Isaac Rosa Portilho

Keyword(s):

Soil Quality ◽

Private Property ◽

Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽

Principal Component ◽

Basal Respiration ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Native Vegetation ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Environmental Recovery ◽

Short Period

ABSTRACT A challenge for the environmental recovery of degraded areas is the search for soil data. In this process, the microbiological parameters and soil chemicals are potential indicators of soil quality. This study aimed to evaluate soil quality based on microbiological and chemical soil attributes in different areas involving environmental recovery, sugarcane cultivation and remnants of native vegetation located in a rural private property farm in State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in Hapludox Eutrophic soil. The microbiological (microbial biomass carbon, basal respiration, microbial quotient and metabolic quotient) and chemical parameters (organic matter, carbon, pH, cationic exchange capacity, sum of bases, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, saturation base and potential acidity) were assessed. Data were assessed by variance and multivariate analysis (Principal Component Analysis and cluster analysis). Overall, the results showed highest alteration in the chemical and microbiological characteristics of the soil in sugarcane cultivation area in comparison with other areas. Considering the studied recovery areas, REC1, REC5 and REC7 show chemical and microbiological conditions with most similarity to native vegetation. Despite the short period of the resilience enhancement of environmental recovery areas, the development of vegetation cover and establishment of the microbial community were determined to be important factors for improving soil quality and environmental recovery in several of the areas studied.

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Cover crops as modifying agents of microbiological soil attribute

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.19.13.10.p1723 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1578-1585

Author(s):

Catia Aparecida Simon ◽

Sebastião Ferreira de Lima ◽

Meire Silvestrini Cordeiro ◽

Vinícius Andrade Secco ◽

Guilherme Nacata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Soil Cover ◽

Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Basal Respiration ◽

Plant Residues ◽

Soybean Yield ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Rapid Responses ◽

Urochloa Brizantha

Carbon sources are exuded and deposited by different soil cover plants. They promote growth, diversity and enhancement of soil microbial community functionality, due to organic matter degradation by participating in major biochemical cycles and the availability of inorganic nutrients to plants. In this way, it is necessary to evaluate the microbiological attributes of the soil after cover cropping, which allows for surveying and monitoring the soil quality, thereby enabling rapid responses in relation to managing changes in the soil. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate soil microbiological attributes and soybean grain yield under the influence of different cover crops. The experiment was installed in the year 2015. The treatments were constituted by the following vegetation coverages: sorghum, millet, Urochloa ruziziensis, forage turnip, Urochloa brizantha, crambe and fallow area, with cover crops sown in succession to the soybean crop for three years prior to the date of installation of the experiment .The evaluated parameters were soil microbial biomass carbon, soil basal respiration, metabolic quotient, enzymatic activity of acid phosphatase and soil β-glucosidase, plant phytomass produced by the different cover crops and soybean yield in each area. The use of cover crops promotes higher soybean yield. The microbial activity and its efficiency were modulated according to the type of cover crop used. Soil under sorghum mulch provided lower microbial efficiency. The U. ruziziensis plant residues remain for less time on the soil. The results show that U. brizantha may be the most suitable for its use as a soil cover plant, providing improvements in its attributes.

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Selecting soil quality indicators for different soil management systems in the Brazilian Cerrado

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2016000900064 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 51 (9) ◽

pp. 1643-1651 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Diane Cristina Stefanoski ◽

Cícero Célio de Figueiredo ◽

Glenio Guimarães Santos ◽

Robélio Leandro Marchão

Keyword(s):

Soil Quality ◽

Quality Indicators ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Principal Component ◽

Soil Management ◽

Biological Indicators ◽

Management Systems ◽

Brazilian Cerrado ◽

Soil Quality Indicators ◽

Physical Chemical

Abstract The objective of this work was to assess soil quality indicators obtained with different datasets to compare soil management systems in the Brazilian Cerrado. Three criteria were used to select soil physical, chemical, and biological indicators: the full set of indicators obtained, with 36 parameters, for which all the physical, chemical, and biological soil properties were determined; a subset of indicators selected by principal component analysis (20 parameters); and a subset of indicators with some frequency of use in the literature (16 parameters). These indicators were obtained from the following management systems: no-tillage, conventional tillage, and native cerrado vegetation. Soil samples were collected at 0.0-0.1-m soil depth, and soil quality indicators were subjected to analysis of variance and their means were compared. The incorporation of soil native cerrado into agriculture decreased soil quality. The most commonly used indicators in the scientific literature are sensitive enough to detect differences in soil quality according to land use. Therefore, the selection of a minimum set of representative data can be more useful than a complex set of properties to compare management systems as to their soil quality.

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Soil micro-arthropod communities and microbial parameters in the potato ridge under two field management systems on sandy loams in Atlantic Canada

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss06013 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 87 (4) ◽

pp. 399-404 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

M R Carter ◽

C. Noronha

Keyword(s):

Microbial Biomass ◽

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽

Solanum Tuberosum L ◽

Soil Management ◽

Management Systems ◽

Microbial Biomass C ◽

Atlantic Canada ◽

Soil Microbial

Intensive forms of soil management occur in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production systems, but little is known about the influence of such practices on soil biological properties. Microbial biomass C, phosphatase activity, and the abundance (number), richness (family groups), and diversity of soil micro-arthropods (Collembola and mites) were compared in conventional and adjacent integrated pest management (IPM) systems of 3-yr potato rotations, established on fine sandy loams in Prince Edward Island, Atlantic Canada. The study was conducted at two sites over a 2-yr period. Soil microbial parameters were generally similar between management systems. Management differences showed some effect on micro-arthropod abundance and richness in three of the eight comparisons. Under optimum soil-water conditions, both Collembola and mite communities increased over the growing season regardless of management system. Key words: Soil management for potato, Collembola, mites, soil microbial biomass carbon, acid phosphatase, integrated pest management

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Effects of Different Tillage Intensities on Physicochemical and Microbial Properties of a Eutric Fluvisol Soil

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11081497 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1497

Author(s):

Anna Maria Gajda ◽

Ewa Antonina Czyż ◽

Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Quality ◽

Cold Water ◽

Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽

Clay Content ◽

Basal Respiration ◽

Metabolic Potential ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Level Indicator ◽

Microbial Properties

The physicochemical and microbial properties of soil under long-term monoculture of winter wheat were studied to assess the effects of two tillage systems of different intensities: reduced (RT) and conventional (CT). The research was carried out on an 18-year-old experimental field at Grabów (eastern Poland) between 2018 and 2020. The RT (ploughless) and the CT (mouldboard ploughing) systems with machine operating depths of up to 10 and 25 cm, respectively, were used. The analysed parameters were as follows: soil texture, pH, readily dispersible clay content (RDC), soil organic matter (SOM), carbon from particulate organic matter (POM-C), hot- and cold-water-extractable organic carbon (HWEC, CWEC) and nitrogen (HWEN, CWEN), soil basal respiration (SBR), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), nitrification potential (NP), dehydrogenases (DEH), and acid (ACP) and alkaline (ALP) phosphatases activities. Several single soil quality indices, including: metabolic (qCO2) and microbial (MicQ) quotients, enzymatic pH level indicator (EpHI), stratification ratio (SR), and metabolic potential index (MP) were calculated. The use of RT resulted in increased SOM and, therefore, in decreased RDC and increased values of soil stability, POM-C, HWEC, CWEC, HWEN, CWEN, MBC, and MBN in relation to CT. The MicQ, EpHI, SR, and MP well reflected the effects of RT and CT systems on soil and appeared to be useful in soil quality assessment. The results showed the beneficial effects on soil of the less intensive RT system in comparison with CT. Statistical analysis showed the significance of differences between tillage systems and interrelationships between the studied soil quality parameters.

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EFFECT OF WATER AVAILABILITY ON SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS IN SECONDARY FOREST IN EASTERN AMAZONIA

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/01000683rbcs20140135 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 377-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lívia Gabrig Turbay Rangel-Vasconcelos ◽

Daniel Jacob Zarin ◽

Francisco de Assis Oliveira ◽

Steel Silva Vasconcelos ◽

Cláudio José Reis de Carvalho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Microbial Biomass ◽

Soil Water ◽

Water Availability ◽

Soil Microbial Biomass ◽

Secondary Forest ◽

Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽

Basal Respiration ◽

Soil Water Availability ◽

Soil Microbial

Soil microbial biomass (SMB) plays an important role in nutrient cycling in agroecosystems, and is limited by several factors, such as soil water availability. This study assessed the effects of soil water availability on microbial biomass and its variation over time in the Latossolo Amarelo concrecionário of a secondary forest in eastern Amazonia. The fumigation-extraction method was used to estimate the soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content (SMBC and SMBN). An adaptation of the fumigation-incubation method was used to determine basal respiration (CO2-SMB). The metabolic quotient (qCO2) and ratio of microbial carbon:organic carbon (CMIC:CORG) were calculated based on those results. Soil moisture was generally significantly lower during the dry season and in the control plots. Irrigation raised soil moisture to levels close to those observed during the rainy season, but had no significant effect on SMB. The variables did not vary on a seasonal basis, except for the microbial C/N ratio that suggested the occurrence of seasonal shifts in the structure of the microbial community.

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Effect of management systems and cover crops on organic matter dynamics of soil under vegetables

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832014000300024 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 923-933 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Rodrigo Fernandes de Souza ◽

Cícero Célio de Figueiredo ◽

Nuno Rodrigo Madeira ◽

Flávia Aparecida de Alcântara

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽

Block Design ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Management Systems ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Organic Matter Dynamics

Vegetable production in conservation tillage has increased in Brazil, with positive effects on the soil quality. Since management systems alter the quantity and quality of organic matter, this study evaluated the influence of different management systems and cover crops on the organic matter dynamics of a dystrophic Red Latosol under vegetables. The treatments consisted of the combination of three soil tillage systems: no-tillage (NT), reduced tillage (RT) and conventional tillage (CT) and of two cover crops: maize monoculture and maize-mucuna intercrop. Vegetables were grown in the winter and the cover crops in the summer for straw production. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. Soil samples were collected between the crop rows in three layers (0.0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, and 0.10-0.30 m) twice: in October, before planting cover crops for straw, and in July, during vegetable cultivation. The total organic carbon (TOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), oxidizable fractions, and the carbon fractions fulvic acid (C FA), humic acid (C HA) and humin (C HUM) were determined. The main changes in these properties occurred in the upper layers (0.0-0.05 and 0.05-0.10 m) where, in general, TOC levels were highest in NT with maize straw. The MBC levels were lowest in CT systems, indicating sensitivity to soil disturbance. Under mucuna, the levels of C HA were lower in RT than NT systems, while the C FA levels were lower in RT than CT. For vegetable production, the C HUM values were lowest in the 0.05-0.10 m layer under CT. With regard to the oxidizable fractions, the tillage systems differed only in the most labile C fractions, with higher levels in NT than CT in the 0.0-0.05 m layer in both summer and winter, with no differences between these systems in the other layers. The cabbage yield was not influenced by the soil management system, but benefited from the mulch production of the preceding maize-mucuna intercrop as cover plant.

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SOIL ATTRIBUTES UNDER DIFFERENT WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS OF RICE PADDIES IN THE AMAZONIAN SAVANNA OF BRAZIL1

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252021v34n316rc ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 640-649

Author(s):

ARIANE EVALD ◽

VALDINAR FERREIRA MELO ◽

PAULO ROBERTO RIBEIRO ROCHA ◽

ANTÔNIO CARLOS CENTENO CORDEIRO ◽

SONICLEY DA SILVA MAIA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Acid Phosphatase ◽

Co2 Emission ◽

Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽

Rice Paddy ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Management Systems ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Continuous Flooding ◽

C Stock

ABSTRACT The rational use of water while considering the increases in food production is a great challenge for agriculture currently. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the soil properties of rice paddy areas under different water management systems. For this, the rice cultivars BRS Tropical and IRGA 424 were grown under the following treatments: M1: Intermittent flooding; M2: Intermittent flooding, followed by continuous flooding; M3: Continuous flooding, followed by intermittent flooding; and M4: Continuous flooding for the entire plant cycle. As a control, a non-cultivated area, adjacent to the experimental plots was also evaluated. The variables analyzed were P, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Al3+ contents, pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) Carbon Stock (C-Stock), nitrogen stock (N-Stock), Cation-exchange capacity (CEC), C/N ratio; CO2 emission, soil microbial biomass carbon (SMB), metabolic coefficient (qMic) and acid phosphatase and urease activities. There was not difference among the different water management systems for P, K+, Mg2+, CEC and C/N ratio. The SMB and the acid phosphatase and urease activities were lower under the different treatments when compared to the control. The CO2 emission under rice paddy system was influenced by the phenological phase of the crop. The variables SOC, C-Stock, SMB, C/N ratio, K+, acid phosphatase and usease activities are those most sensitive attributes observed in the soil under different water management systems during rice cultivation. Water management in the rice paddy system influenced soil by changing its quality.

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Microbial indicators for assessing the adverse impact of technical-grade hexachlorocyclohexane on soil quality

Spanish Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.3232/sjss.2016.v6.n1.01 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

Author(s):

Mikel Anza

Keyword(s):

Soil Quality ◽

Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽

Polluted Soil ◽

Soil Quality Index ◽

Metabolic Potential ◽

Technical Grade ◽

Microbial Properties ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Soil Microbial Properties ◽

The Impact

Technical-grade hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) has been widely used for human health and agricultural purposes. Consequently, HCH residues have entered the soil ecosystem with concomitant deleterious effects on soil quality. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of HCH on soil microbial properties as biological indicators of soil quality. To this end, non-polluted soil was spiked with different amounts of a heavily HCH-polluted soil in order to obtain a concentration gradient between 0 and 1,500 mg HCH kg<sup>-1</sup> dry matter soil. The mixtures were incubated under laboratory conditions for 2 months. Dehydrogenase activity, fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis activity (FDA), basal respiration, substrate-induced respiration (SIR), microbial biomass carbon, metabolic potential, and the soil quality index were negatively affected by increasing HCH concentrations in soil, in many cases following an exponential pattern. FDA and SIR appear <em>a priori</em> suitable indicators for the impact of HCH on soil microbial properties and, hence, soil quality.

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