scholarly journals Adjusting the Minigrafting Technique Applied to Citrus by Using Rootstocks Grown in vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Maria Inês S. Mendes ◽  
Antônio S. Souza ◽  
Maria Angélica P. C. Costa ◽  
Walter S. Soares Filho ◽  
Abelmon S. Gesteira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Crown Length ◽  
Graft Diameter

Techniques applied to promote citrus propagation are of extreme relevance, since they assure high yield rates, as well as high genetic and phytosanitary quality. The aim of the present research is to assess the vegetative growth and survival of citrus cultivars subjected to different rootstocks through minigrafting in order to generate identical to the parents. Minigrafting of apical segments (1 and 2 cm long) of ‘Clementine’ tangerine budded onto rootstocks of citrandarins ‘Indio’ and ‘Riverside’ and of the combination between varieties ‘Pera’ sweet orange, ‘Sunki Madarin’ tangerine and ‘Santa Cruz Rangpur’ lemon budded onto rootstocks of citrandarins ‘Indio’, HTR-069 and LRF × (LCR × TR)-005 were evaluated. Assessments were conducted in greenhouse 120 days after the experiment were installed. The use of 2cm long segments facilitates minigrafting adherence to smaller caudal apices. The rootstock of HTR-069 presented the best survival responses among the assessed crowns. Rootstock of citrandarin ‘Indio’ enabled the best crown length development and graft diameter. Based on the results, minigrafting can be a new option for citrus propagation.

scholarly journals Performance of 'Jaffa' sweet orange on different rootstocks for orchards in the Brazilian Northeast

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adenir Vieira Teodoro ◽  
Hélio Wilson Lemos de Carvalho ◽  
Inácio de Barros ◽  
Luciana Marques de Carvalho ◽  
Carlos Roberto Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
San Diego ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Qualitative Traits ◽  
Phyllocoptruta Oleivora ◽  
Brazilian Northeast

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of nine rootstocks on 'Jaffa' sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) for its vegetative, productive, and qualitative traits, and for its susceptibility to three pest mites (Eutetranychus banksi, Tetranychus mexicanus and Phyllocoptruta oleivora). The following parameters were evaluated: vegetative growth, yield, physiochemical characteristics of fruit, and density of pest mites. 'Sunki Tropical' mandarin conferred high cumulative yields whereas 'Orlando' tangelo and 'Rugoso Vermelho' lemon imparted bigger fruit with low brix, and less acidity to 'Jaffa'. Indio and 'Riverside' citrandarins induced more acid fruit of smaller sizes, as well as low-cumulated yields and canopy volumes. Also, the 'Cravo Santa Cruz' lime, 'San Diego' citrandarin, and the hybrids HTR-051 and LVK x LCR-010 conferred lower-cumulated yields to 'Jaffa'. The rootstocks did not influence the population levels of the evaluated mites. 'Sunki Tropical' mandarin, 'Cravo Santa Cruz' lime and 'Rugoso Vermelho' lemon stand up as excellent rootstock options for 'Jaffa' sweet orange in the Northeastern Brazil.

Design, Synthesis, In vitro Cytotoxic Activity Evaluation, and Study of Apoptosis Inducing Effect of New Styrylimidazo[1,2-a]Pyridines as Potent Anti-Breast Cancer Agents

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faeze Khalili ◽  
Sara Akrami ◽  
Malihe Safavi ◽  
Maryam Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani ◽  
Mina Saeedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Pyridine Derivatives ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Three Component Reaction ◽  
Anti Cancer

Background: This paper reports synthesis, cytotoxic activity, and apoptosis inducing effect of a novel series of styrylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives. Objective: In this study, anti-cancer activity of novel styrylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines was evaluated. Methods: Styrylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives 4a-o were synthesized through a one-pot three-component reaction of 2-aminopyridines, cinnamaldehydes, and isocyanides in high yield. All synthesized compounds 4a-o were evaluated against breast cancer cell lines including MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and T-47D using MTT assay. Apoptosis was evaluated by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining, cell cycle analysis, and TUNEL assay as the mechanism of cell death. Results: Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited more potent cytotoxicity than standard drug, etoposide. Induction of apoptosis by the most cytotoxic compounds 4f, 4g, 4j, 4n, and 4m was confirmed through mentioned methods. Conclusion: In conclusion, these results confirmed the potency of styrylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines for further drug discovery developments in the field of anti-cancer agents.

scholarly journals Optimized Supercritical CO2 Extraction Enhances the Recovery of Valuable Lipophilic Antioxidants and Other Constituents from Dual-Purpose Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) Variety Ella

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 918
Author(s):  
Nóra Emilia Nagybákay ◽  
Michail Syrpas ◽  
Vaiva Vilimaitė ◽  
Laura Tamkutė ◽  
Audrius Pukalskas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Supercritical Co2 Extraction ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Total Extract

The article presents the optimization of supercritical CO2 extraction (SFE-CO2) parameters using response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD) in order to produce single variety hop (cv. Ella) extracts with high yield and strong in vitro antioxidant properties. Optimized SFE-CO2 (37 MPa, 43 °C, 80 min) yielded 26.3 g/100 g pellets of lipophilic fraction. This extract was rich in biologically active α- and β-bitter acids (522.8 and 345.0 mg/g extract, respectively), and exerted 1481 mg TE/g extract in vitro oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). Up to ~3-fold higher extraction yield, antioxidant recovery (389.8 mg TE/g pellets) and exhaustive bitter acid extraction (228.4 mg/g pellets) were achieved under the significantly shorter time compared to the commercially used one-stage SFE-CO2 at 10–15 MPa and 40 °C. Total carotenoid and chlorophyll content was negligible, amounting to <0.04% of the total extract mass. Fruity, herbal, spicy and woody odor of extracts could be attributed to the major identified volatiles, namely β-pinene, β-myrcene, β-humulene, α-humulene, α-selinene and methyl-4-decenoate. Rich in valuable bioactive constituents and flavor compounds, cv. Ella hop SFE-CO2 extracts could find multipurpose applications in food, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and cosmetics industries.

scholarly journals Generation of High-Yield, Functional Oligodendrocytes from a c-myc Immortalized Neural Cell Line, Endowed with Staminal Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1124
Author(s):  
Mafalda Giovanna Reccia ◽  
Floriana Volpicelli ◽  
Eirkiur Benedikz ◽  
Åsa Fex Svenningsen ◽  
Luca Colucci-D’Amato
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Neural Cell ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Neuronal Marker ◽  
Differentiation Status

Neural stem cells represent a powerful tool to study molecules involved in pathophysiology of Nervous System and to discover new drugs. Although they can be cultured and expanded in vitro as a primary culture, their use is hampered by their heterogeneity and by the cost and time needed for their preparation. Here we report that mes-c-myc A1 cells (A1), a neural cell line, is endowed with staminal properties. Undifferentiated/proliferating and differentiated/non-proliferating A1 cells are able to generate neurospheres (Ns) in which gene expression parallels the original differentiation status. In fact, Ns derived from undifferentiated A1 cells express higher levels of Nestin, Kruppel-like factor 4 (Klf4) and glial fibrillary protein (GFAP), markers of stemness, while those obtained from differentiated A1 cells show higher levels of the neuronal marker beta III tubulin. Interestingly, Ns differentiation, by Epidermal Growth Factors (EGF) and Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (bFGF) withdrawal, generates oligodendrocytes at high-yield as shown by the expression of markers, Galactosylceramidase (Gal-C) Neuron-Glial antigen 2 (NG2), Receptor-Interacting Protein (RIP) and Myelin Basic Protein (MBP). Finally, upon co-culture, Ns-A1-derived oligodendrocytes cause a redistribution of contactin-associated protein (Caspr/paranodin) protein on neuronal cells, as primary oligodendrocytes cultures, suggesting that they are able to form compact myelin. Thus, Ns-A1-derived oligodendrocytes may represent a time-saving and low-cost tool to study the pathophysiology of oligodendrocytes and to test new drugs.

scholarly journals Vegetative and Reproductive Response to Fruit Load in Two Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) Cultivars

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 889
Author(s):  
Aviad Perry ◽  
Noemi Tel-Zur ◽  
Arnon Dag
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Simmondsia Chinensis ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Fruit Removal ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Fruit Load

Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) is a wax crop cultivated mainly in arid and semi-arid regions. This crop has been described as an alternate-bearing plant, meaning that it has a high-yield year (“on-year”) followed by a low-yield year (“off-year”). We investigated the effect of fruit load on jojoba’s vegetative and reproductive development. For two consecutive years, we experimented with two high-yielding cultivars—Benzioni and Hazerim—which had opposite fruit loads, i.e., one was under an on-year load, while the other was under an off-year load simultaneously. We found that removing the developing fruit from the shoot during an off-year promotes further vegetative growth in the same year, whereas in an on-year, this action has no effect. Moreover, after fruit removal in an on-year, there was a delay in vegetative growth renewal in the consecutive year, suggesting that the beginning of the growing period is dependent on the previous year’s yield load. We found that seed development in the 2018 season started a month earlier than in the 2017 season in both cultivars, regardless of fruit load. This early development was associated with higher wax content in the seeds. Hence, the wax accumulation rate, as a percentage of dry weight, was affected by year and not by fruit load. However, on-year seeds stopped growing earlier than off-year seeds, resulting in smaller seeds and an overall lower amount of wax per seed.

scholarly journals Interaction of Plasmodium falciparum apicortin with α- and β-tubulin is critical for parasite growth and survival

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malabika Chakrabarti ◽  
Nishant Joshi ◽  
Geeta Kumari ◽  
Preeti Singh ◽  
Rumaisha Shoaib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Parasite Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Apicomplexan Parasites ◽  
Parasite Replication ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Β Tubulin

AbstractCytoskeletal structures of Apicomplexan parasites are important for parasite replication, motility, invasion to the host cell and survival. Apicortin, an Apicomplexan specific protein appears to be a crucial factor in maintaining stability of the parasite cytoskeletal assemblies. However, the function of apicortin, in terms of interaction with microtubules still remains elusive. Herein, we have attempted to elucidate the function of Plasmodium falciparum apicortin by monitoring its interaction with two main components of parasite microtubular structure, α-tubulin-I and β-tubulin through in silico and in vitro studies. Further, a p25 domain binding generic drug Tamoxifen (TMX), was used to disrupt PfApicortin-tubulin interactions which led to the inhibition in growth and progression of blood stage life cycle of P. falciparum.

scholarly journals HIGH-YIELD PREPARATION OF ISOLATED RAT LIVER PARENCHYMAL CELLS

1969 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Berry ◽  
D. S. Friend
Keyword(s):  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Nylon Mesh ◽  
Parenchymal Cells

A new technique employing continuous recirculating perfusion of the rat liver in situ, shaking of the liver in buffer in vitro, and filtration of the tissue through nylon mesh, results in the conversion of about 50% of the liver into intact, isolated parenchymal cells. The perfusion media consist of: (a) calcium-free Hanks' solution containing 0.05% collagenase and 0.10% hyaluronidase, and (b) magnesium and calcium-free Hanks' solution containing 2 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetate. Biochemical and morphologic studies indicate that the isolated cells are viable. They respire in a medium containing calcium ions, synthesize glucose from lactate, are impermeable to inulin, do not stain with trypan blue, and retain their structural integrity. Electron microscopy of biopsies taken during and after perfusion reveals that desmosomes are quickly cleaved. Hemidesmosome-containing areas of the cell membrane invaginate and appear to pinch off and migrate centrally. Tight and gap junctions, however, persist on the intact, isolated cells, retaining small segments of cytoplasm from formerly apposing parenchymal cells. Cells which do not retain tight and gap junctions display swelling of Golgi vacuoles and vacuoles in the peripheral cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic vacuolization in a small percentage of cells and potassium loss are the only indications of cell injury detected. By other parameters measured, the isolated cells are comparable to normal hepatic parenchymal cells in situ in appearance and function.

Developmental programmes of growth and survival in early sensory neurons

1991 ◽  
Vol 331 (1261) ◽  
pp. 259-262
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Target Distance ◽  
Trophic Factor ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Target Field ◽  
Developing Nervous System

In the developing vertebrate nervous system the survival of neurons becomes dependent on the supply of a neurotrophic factor from their targets when their axons reach these targets. To determine how the onset of neurotrophic factor dependency is coordinated with the arrival of axons in the target field, we have studied the growth and survival of four populations of cranial sensory neurons whose axons have markedly different distances to grow to reach their targets. Axonal growth rate both in vivo and in vitro is related to target distance; neurons with more distant targets grow faster. The onset trophic factor dependency in culture is also related to target distance; neurons with more distant targets survive longer before becoming trophic factor dependent. These data suggest that programmes of growth and survival in early neurons play an important role in coordinating the timing of trophic interactions in the developing nervous system.

Organ culture with black cottonwood: morphogenetic response of female catkin primordia

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1627-1631 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Bawa ◽  
R. F. Stettler
Keyword(s):  
Organ Culture ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Black Cottonwood ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Female Catkin

Female catkin primordia of black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa T. & G. ex Hook.) were cultured for 70 days on a modified Murashige and Skoog's (1962) medium in vitro. Explants 2–3 mm long, and with bud scales removed, gave the best results, many of them developing floral structures characteristic of the female sex. There was a general tendency to callus formation with increasing age of the culture, occasionally followed by a reversal to vegetative growth. Catkin primordia raised on Wolter's medium without auxin or kinetin, but with 6-benzylaminopurine, and at 250 ft-c for a 16-h photoperiod, proliferated axillary shoots in loco of pistils.

A Simple Silicon Based Nitric Oxide Sensor

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Bariatto ◽  
Rogerio Furlan ◽  
Koiti Arakai ◽  
Jorge J. Santiago-Aviles
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Amperometric Detection ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Sensor Calibration ◽  
Nitric Oxide Sensor ◽  
Sensor Configuration

Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) is known to mediate many beneficial physiology processes, motivating its detection in vivo as well as in vitro. Electrochemical detection provides the required cellular level determination of NO among several other techniques. In this work, electrochemical micro-sensors for both types of detection, in vivo and in vitro, were developed, exploring the silicon planar technology, which presents high yield and reliability and also permits batch fabrication. The developed in vitro sensor features eight detection sites (10 μm × 10 μm microelectrodes), for determination of nitric oxide spatial distribution or multi-species analysis. Different electrochemical methods were applied to provide sensor calibration and chemical reproducibility. For in vivo analysis, the designed structures have a needle shape (40 μm thick) and they were silicon micro-machined by using plasma etching or etch stop techniques. Different configurations were designed and implemented, containing a number of detection microelectrodes that vary from 2 to 10. The amperometric detection of both nitric oxide and nitride (NO2−) — a molecule that causes an interference — were investigated by using the in vitro micro-sensor configuration. The need of a cationic exchanger (Nafion) was demonstrated in order to provide selectivity to NO for low concentrations. Also, the developed sensor has a sensitivity of 500 A/M.cm2 and a detection limit of 10 μM.

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