Optimized Supercritical CO2 Extraction Enhances the Recovery of Valuable Lipophilic Antioxidants and Other Constituents from Dual-Purpose Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) Variety Ella

The article presents the optimization of supercritical CO2 extraction (SFE-CO2) parameters using response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD) in order to produce single variety hop (cv. Ella) extracts with high yield and strong in vitro antioxidant properties. Optimized SFE-CO2 (37 MPa, 43 °C, 80 min) yielded 26.3 g/100 g pellets of lipophilic fraction. This extract was rich in biologically active α- and β-bitter acids (522.8 and 345.0 mg/g extract, respectively), and exerted 1481 mg TE/g extract in vitro oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). Up to ~3-fold higher extraction yield, antioxidant recovery (389.8 mg TE/g pellets) and exhaustive bitter acid extraction (228.4 mg/g pellets) were achieved under the significantly shorter time compared to the commercially used one-stage SFE-CO2 at 10–15 MPa and 40 °C. Total carotenoid and chlorophyll content was negligible, amounting to <0.04% of the total extract mass. Fruity, herbal, spicy and woody odor of extracts could be attributed to the major identified volatiles, namely β-pinene, β-myrcene, β-humulene, α-humulene, α-selinene and methyl-4-decenoate. Rich in valuable bioactive constituents and flavor compounds, cv. Ella hop SFE-CO2 extracts could find multipurpose applications in food, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and cosmetics industries.

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Isobornylchalcones as Scaffold for the Synthesis of Diarylpyrazolines with Antioxidant Activity

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26123579 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (12) ◽

pp. 3579

Author(s):

Svetlana A. Popova ◽

Evgenia V. Pavlova ◽

Oksana G. Shevchenko ◽

Irina Yu. Chukicheva ◽

Aleksandr V. Kutchin

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Biological Properties ◽

High Reactivity ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Brain Lipids ◽

Wide Range ◽

Privileged Structure ◽

Vitro Model

The pyrazoline ring is defined as a “privileged structure” in medicinal chemistry. A variety of pharmacological properties of pyrazolines is associated with the nature and position of various substituents, which is especially evident in diarylpyrazolines. Compounds with a chalcone fragment show a wide range of biological properties as well as high reactivity which is primarily due to the presence of an α, β-unsaturated carbonyl system. At the same time, bicyclic monoterpenoids deserve special attention as a source of a key structural block or as one of the pharmacophore components of biologically active molecules. A series of new diarylpyrazoline derivatives based on isobornylchalcones with different substitutes (MeO, Hal, NO2, N(Me)2) was synthesized. Antioxidant properties of the obtained compounds were comparatively evaluated using in vitro model Fe2+/ascorbate-initiated lipid peroxidation in the substrate containing brain lipids of laboratory mice. It was demonstrated that the combination of the electron-donating group in the para-position of ring B and OH-group in the ring A in the structure of chalcone fragment provides significant antioxidant activity of synthesized diarylpyrazoline derivatives.

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The Immunomodulatory Effects of Honey and Associated Flavonoids in Cancer

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13041269 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1269

Author(s):

Razan J. Masad ◽

Shoja M. Haneefa ◽

Yassir A. Mohamed ◽

Ashraf Al-Sbiei ◽

Ghada Bashir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Immunomodulatory Effects ◽

Bioactive Constituents ◽

Cancer Cell Growth ◽

Cancer Types ◽

Immunomodulatory Properties

Honey has exerted a high impact in the field of alternative medicine over many centuries. In addition to its wound healing, anti-microbial and antioxidant properties, several lines of evidence have highlighted the efficiency of honey and associated bioactive constituents as anti-tumor agents against a range of cancer types. Mechanistically, honey was shown to inhibit cancer cell growth through its pro-apoptotic, anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic effects. However, the potential of honey to regulate anti-tumor immune responses is relatively unexplored. A small number of in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the ability of honey to modulate the immune system by inducing immunostimulatory as well as anti-inflammatory effects. In the present review, we summarize the findings from different studies that aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory properties of honey and its flavonoid components in relation to cancer. While these studies provide promising data, additional research is needed to further elucidate the immunomodulatory properties of honey, and to enable its utilization as an adjuvant therapy in cancer.

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Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Nannochloropsis sp.: A Lipidomic Study on the Influence of Pretreatment on Yield and Composition

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23081854 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (8) ◽

pp. 1854 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kathy Elst ◽

Miranda Maesen ◽

Griet Jacobs ◽

Leen Bastiaens ◽

Stefan Voorspoels ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Supercritical Co2 ◽

Neutral Lipids ◽

Lipid Extraction ◽

Fatty Acid Distribution ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Partial Hydrolysis ◽

Complex Nature ◽

Supercritical Co2 Extraction ◽

Optimized Conditions ◽

Chloroform Methanol

Algal lipids have gained wide interest in various applications ranging from biofuels to nutraceuticals. Given their complex nature composed of different lipid classes, a deep knowledge between extraction conditions and lipid characteristics is essential. In this paper, we investigated the influence of different pretreatments on lipid extraction with supercritical CO2 by a lipidomic approach. Pretreatment was found to double the total extraction yield, thereby reaching 23.1 wt.% comparable to the 26.9 wt.% obtained with chloroform/methanol. An increase in acylglycerides was concurrently observed, together with a nearly doubling of free fatty acids indicative of partial hydrolysis. Moreover, an alteration in the distribution of glyco- and phospholipids was noted, especially promoting digalactosyldiglycerides and phosphatidylcholine as compared to monogalactosyldiglycerides and phosphatidylglycerol. At optimized conditions, supercritical CO2 extraction provided a lipid extract richer in neutral lipids and poorer in phospholipids as compared to chloroform/methanol, though with a very similar fatty acid distribution within each lipid class.

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Preparation of Ganglioside GM1 by Supercritical CO2 Extraction and Immobilized Sialidase

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24203732 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (20) ◽

pp. 3732

Author(s):

Li Ji ◽

Zhonghui Qiao ◽

Xin Zhang ◽

Xiaolei Cheng ◽

Weiyang Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neurological Disorders ◽

Supercritical Co2 ◽

Brain Diseases ◽

High Yield ◽

Acetone Powder ◽

Supercritical Co2 Extraction ◽

Ganglioside Gm1 ◽

Pig Brain ◽

Optimum Extraction ◽

Brain Gangliosides

Monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1) has good activity on brain diseases and was developed to be a drug applied in clinics for neurological disorders and nerve injury. It is difficult to isolate GM1 in industry scale from the brains directly. In this work, a simple and highly efficient method with high yield was developed for the isolation, conversion, and purification of GM1 from a pig brain. Gangliosides (GLS) were first extracted by supercritical CO2 (SCE). The optimum extraction time of GLS by SCE was 4 h, and the ratio of entrainer to acetone powder from the pig brain was 3:1 (v/w). GM1 was then prepared from GLS by immobilized sialidase and purified by reverse-phase silica gel. Sodium alginate embedding was used for the immobilization of sialidase. Under the optimized method, the yield of high-purity GM1 was around 0.056%. This method has the potential to be applied in the production of GM1 in the industry.

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Effect of the sulfur-containing compounds on the quinoid process of adrenaline autoxidation; potential neuroprotectors

Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya ◽

10.18097/pbmc20196504316 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 316-323

Author(s):

T.V. Sirota

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Enzymatic Reaction ◽

The Body ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Multistep Process ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Sulfur Containing ◽

Sulfur Containing Compounds

The superoxide-generating reaction of adrenaline autoxidation in an alkaline medium, used in vitro to identify the antioxidant properties of various compounds, simulates the complex multistep process of quinoid oxidation of catecholamines (CA) in the body. Sulfur-containing cysteine (Cys) and reduced glutathione (GSH), as well as oxidized glutathione (GSSG), have been shown to inhibit this process. The studied substances were considered as inhibitors of quinoid oxidation and are evaluated as antioxidants. The IC50 values for Cys and GSH were close to 7.5 mM. Inhibition by GSSG was weaker; represented approximately 50-70% of Cys and GSH. Other sulfur-containing compounds that differ in chemical structure, the amino acids taurine and methionine were ineffective. The interest in this model and the search for effective compounds acting on this reaction is associated with one of the mechanisms of the etiopathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) discussed in the literature, which occurs when the biochemical transformations of dopamine CA and its quinoid oxidation process are violated. Cys, GSH and GSSG in the model system inhibit quinoid oxidation of adrenaline, as a result of which the formation of superoxide (O2 ·-) is also inhibited. Experiments with the superoxide-generating enzymatic reaction xanthine xanthioxidase, the chemistry of which is different and not related to formation of quinoid metabolites, showed that the studied substances did not inhibit O2 ·- formation in this model. Thus, it was established that the biologically active sulfur-containing compounds Cys, GSH and GSSG are specific inhibitors of quinoid oxidation of CA, and are likely to be able to play the role of a neuroprotector. It is proposed to use these compounds in the treatment and prevention of PD by activating their biosynthesis in the body.

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Synthesis, Characterization of Pyrano-[2,3-c]-Pyrazoles Derivatives and Determination of Their Antioxidant Activities

Iranian Jornal of Toxicology ◽

10.32598/ijt.15.3.798.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 175-194

Author(s):

Boutaina Addoum ◽

◽

Bouchra El khalfi ◽

Mohamed Idiken ◽

Souraya Sakoui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

High Performance ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Model Organism ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Strong Activity ◽

Nitrative Stress

Background: Antioxidants are developed to assist the immune system and overcome oxidative stress, the aggression of cellular constituents due to imbalance between reactive oxygen species and the inner antioxidant system. The main objective of this study was to search for new and potent antioxidants to protect humans against diseases associated with oxidative stress. Methods: In this study, three pyrano-[2,3-c]-pyrazole derivatives were synthesized via Multicomponent Reaction (MCR) approach and were characterized, using a melting point, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and spectroscopic analyses (IR; 1H-NMR; 13C-NMR). All of the generated compounds were screened for their antioxidant properties in vivo, using ciliate “Tetrahymena” as a model organism exposed to oxidative and nitrative stress. They were then studied in vitro by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. Results: The results demonstrated that the three compounds (5a, b, c) are biologically active and possess potent antioxidant activities, especially the 5a and 5b derivatives. On the other hand, the in vitro bioassays revealed that the 5a derivative possessed a significant antioxidant activity much greater than ascorbic acid. Accordingly, the in silico data are consistent with the experimental data. Conclusion: These findings confirmed the potent antioxidant property of the synthesized compounds, providing us with new inspiration and challenges to design a library of pharmaceutical compounds with strong activity and low toxicity in the future.

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Chemical composition of seed oil from red grape varieties obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction

Facta universitatis - series Physics Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.2298/fupct2102081m ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 81-90

Author(s):

Jelena Milanovic ◽

Marko Malicanin ◽

Irena Zizovic ◽

Jasna Ivanovic ◽

Stoja Milovanovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Supercritical Co2 ◽

Grape Seed ◽

Tocopherol Content ◽

Pinot Noir ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Supercritical Co2 Extraction ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Red Grape

This study aimed to investigate the potential of the most abundant red grape variety from the central part of Serbia (the region of three Morava rivers) for grape oil manufacturing, using supercritical CO2 extraction. The content of the main constituents of grape seed oils from the indigenous variety Prokupac was determined and the results of the analysis were compared with selected, most commonly grown, international varieties (Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Noir, Merlot, and Gamay). Fatty acid profile and the content of biologically active compounds (total phenolic compounds and ?- tocopherol) were determined. Oxidative stability of the oils was estimated using a DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) method, by determining the oxidation onset temperature. The fatty acid composition was in accordance with literature data. In terms of ?-tocopherol content, its low relative amount was measured in the oils from all grape seed varieties.

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The West African Sorghum Bicolor Leaf Sheath Extract Jobelyn® and Its Diverse Therapeutic Potentials

10.20944/preprints201712.0036.v1 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Samira Makanjuola ◽

Olajuwon Okubena ◽

Louis Ajonuma ◽

Adedoyin Dosunmu ◽

Solomon Umukoro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Leaf Sheath ◽

West African ◽

Biologically Active ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

The West ◽

Total Extract ◽

Active Compounds

The West-African variety of Sorghum bicolor leaf sheath (SBLS) Jobelyn® is a natural remedy, which has gained international recognition for its anti-anemic effect and energy boosting qualities in debilitating diseases. The widespread use of traditional medicine in the region usually confirms its safety, but not its efficacy or deep assessment of their pharmacological properties. The other major issue for herbal-based treatments is the lack of definite and complete information about the composition of the extracts.  Despite limitations, efforts have been made in isolation and characterisation of active compounds in this specie of sorghum showing various subclasses of flavonoids including apigeninidin, a stable 3-deoxyanthocyanidin and potential fungal growth inhibitor, which accounts for 84% of the total extract. Non-clinical in vitro and in vivo studies support previous indications that this variety of Sorghum bicolor possesses several biologically active compounds with potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging and neuro-protective properties.  Clinical studies show that SBLS has the ability to boost hemoglobin concentrations in anemic conditions and most remarkably to increase CD4 count in HIV-positive patients. The multiple effects and high safety profiles of this extract may encourage its development as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of anemia, chronic inflammatory conditions or in the symptomatic management of HIV infections. This review describes the potential therapeutic aspects of SBLS extract and its potential benefits.

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Medicinal Plants Galega officinalis L. and Yacon Leaves as Potential Sources of Antidiabetic Drugs

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10091362 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1362

Author(s):

Halyna Hachkova ◽

Mariia Nagalievska ◽

Zoriana Soliljak ◽

Olena Kanyuka ◽

Alicja Zofia Kucharska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Hypoglycemic Effect ◽

Β Cells ◽

Galega Officinalis ◽

Potential Sources

Hypoglycemic and antioxidant properties of extracts of medicinal plants Galega officinalis L. (aboveground part) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius Poepp. & Endl.) (leaves) as potential sources of biologically active substances with antidiabetic action have been studied. The pronounced hypoglycemic effect of Galega officinalis extract, devoid of alkaloids, at a dose of 600 mg/kg in experimental diabetes mellitus (DM) has been proven. The established effect is evidenced by a decrease in the concentration of glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin in the blood, increase glucose tolerance of cells, increase C-peptide and insulin content in the plasma of rats’ blood. The effective hypoglycemic effect of the extract in the studied pathology was confirmed by histological examination of the pancreas. The cytoprotective effect of the studied extract on pancreatic cells at a dose of 1200 mg/kg was experimentally confirmed. In the standard cut area, an increase was found in the number of Langerhans islets, their average area, diameter, volume, and a number of β-cells relative to these indicators in animals with diabetes. Comparative screening of the antioxidant properties of 30, 50, 70, and 96% water–ethanol extracts of yacon indicates the highest potential of 50% water-ethanol extract to block free radicals in in vitro model experiments. The non-alkaloid fraction of Galega officinalis extract showed moderate antioxidant activity and was inferior to yacon extract in its ability to neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) and bind metal ions of variable valence. The level of antioxidant potential of the studied extracts is due to differences in the quantitative content of compounds of phenolic nature in their compositions. The obtained data on the biological effects of Galega officinalis extract on the structural and functional state of β-cells of the pancreas and antioxidant properties of Galega officinalis and yacon extracts substantiate the prospects of using these plants to create antidiabetic medicines and functional foods based on them.

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Resazurin Method for Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds from Cranberry Extracts Using the Metabolic Activity of a ΔSOD1 Mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yeast Under Severe Osmotic Stress

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.5740/jaoacint.19-0264 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 103 (2) ◽

pp. 422-427

Author(s):

Agata Święciło ◽

Kamila Rybczyńska-Tkaczyk

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Alcohol Water

Abstract Background: In addition to nutrients, plant raw materials for food production should also contain substances with beneficial biological properties, which unquestionably include antioxidant compounds. Among the numerous methods of determining the antioxidant properties of samples of plant material, biological methods that provide information about not only the in vivo antioxidant potential of samples but also their metabolism and bioavailability are increasingly valued. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the antioxidant properties of extracts from large cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) obtained from different producers. Methods: Biologically active compounds were extracted from cranberry fruits using water alone and ethyl alcohol–water in proportions of 1+1 and 4+1 (v/v) as solvents. The following were determined in the extracts: content of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins, total antioxidant capacity based on reduction of the ABTS+• [2,20-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] radical cation, and antioxidant properties as reflected by the growth of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Δsod1 mutant in a liquid hypertonic environment. The growth parameters of this Δsod1 mutant, monitored by a method exploiting a color reaction with resazurin, reflected the antioxidant properties of the extracts. Results: The ethanol–water cranberry extracts showed higher content of polyphenols, anthocyanins, and total antioxidants expressed as Trolox equivalent, determined on the basis of ABTS+• reduction. Conclusions: The antioxidant properties determined by the bioassay did not respond strongly to the data obtained in the in vitro chemical and biochemical assays, because they were more closely associated with the batch of fruit than with the type of solvent used to extract phytochemicals.

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