scholarly journals Morphological Changes in Sugarcane as a Function of Metallurgic Slag and Gypsum

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Paulo R. A. Clemente ◽  
Benigno F. A. de Almeida ◽  
Diogo H. de A. B. ◽  
André L. J. Silva ◽  
Vinicius S. G. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Sugarcane Plant ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Seasonal Droughts ◽  
Sugarcane Ratoon

Drought associated with soil acidity and exchangeable Al3+ in depth are one of the main limiting factors in agricultural production in Northeast Brazil. Acidity correctives such as limestone, metallurgy slag, and gypsum are alternatives to minimize the effects of seasonal droughts on the crop. A field study was carried out to evaluate the effect of the slag and gypsum on the morphological aspects and productivity of sugarcane during two crop cycles. A randomized block design in subdivided plots scheme with four replications was used. The plot consisted of five rows of 10 m length each, spaced 1 m from each other. Treatments consisted of five levels of metallurgy slag (0; 1; 2; 3 and 4 Mg ha-1) and two levels of gypsum (0 and 1.9 Mg ha-1). Slag and gypsum had no effect on sugarcane plant yield. However, regarding sugarcane ratoon, slag increased the yield per hectare by 1.96 Mg ha-1 and sugar yield by 0.33 Mg ha-1 per Mg of applied slag. Slag and gypsum provided better biomass allocation to the root system and improved root distribution along the soil profile.

scholarly journals Urea and sugarcane straw nitrogen balance in a soil-sugarcane crop system

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 689-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glauber José de Castro Gava ◽  
Paulo Cesar Ocheuze Trivelin ◽  
André Cesar Vitti ◽  
Mauro Wagner de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Sugarcane Plant ◽  
Sugarcane Crop ◽  
Sugarcane Straw ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Sugarcane Ratoon

The objectives of this study were to evaluate nitrogen utilization by sugarcane ratoon from two sources, applied urea and sugarcane straw covering soil surface (trash blanket), besides the recovery of N from both sources in the soil-plant system. The following treatments were established in a randomized block design with four replicates: T1, vinasse-urea (100 kg ha-1 of urea-N) mixture applied on the total area of the soil covered with cane trash labeled with 15N; T2, vinasse-urea mixture (urea labeled with 15N; 100 kg ha-1 of urea-N) applied on the total area of the soil covered with non-labeled sugarcane trash; and T3, urea-15N (100 kg ha-1 of urea-N) applied in furrows at both sides of cane rows, with previous surface application of vinasse, onto soil without trash covering. The vinasse was applied at a rate of 100 m³ ha-1 in all treatments. The experiment was carried out on a Yellow Red Podzolic soil (Paleudalf), from October 1997 to August 1998, in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. The nitrogen use efficiency of urea by the sugarcane ratoon was 21%, while that of the sugarcane straw was 9%. The main contributions of N from sugarcane trash, during one cycle, are the preservation and increase of the organic N in soil. The tendency for a lower accumulation of urea-N in the sugarcane plant, in the soil surface covered with sugarcane residue, was compensated by the assimilation of N from trash mineralization. Nitrogen derived from cane trash was more available to plants in the second half of the ratoon cycle

scholarly journals Populasi Hama dan Musuh Alami pada Tiga Cara Budidaya Padi Sawah di Sukamandi

Agrikultura ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
N. Usyati ◽  
Nia Kurniawati ◽  
Ade Ruskandar ◽  
Oco Rumasa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Pest Damage ◽  
Organic Rice ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Rice Yields ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACTPest and natural enemy population in three different rice cultivation in Sukamandi RegionSome on limiting factors in rice production include the cultivation system and pest damage. To suppress the damage, several control techniques have been applied, such as technical culture. The aim of this study was to gain information on population and pest damage, as well as natural enemy population in three different rice cultivation systems. The study was arranged in Randomized Block Design with three treatment and 9 replications. The treatments were: 1) organic rice cultivation, 2) semi organic, and 3) farmer technique. The used rice variety was Inpari 30. The plot size was 6 m x 90 m. The variables observed included population and pest damage, natural enemy population, and rice yields. Thirthy two rice hills were observed randomly in diagonal direction, with 2 weeks interval from two weeks after transplanting until harvest. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (Anova) and the difference among the treatments was evaluated with Duncan multiple area test at 5% level. The results showed that brown plant hoppers population on organic rice cultivation is lower than semi-organic rice cultivation and farmer technique, but there were no difference of natural enemy population among treatments. The lowest yield was obtained from the organic rice cultivation (2.67 t/ha).Keywords: Rice cultivation, Pests, Natural enemiesABSTRAKBeberapa faktor pembatas produksi padi diantaranya adalah cara budidaya dan adanya serangan hama. Untuk menekan serangan hama, beberapa teknik pengendalian telah diterapkan diantaranya adalah pengendalian secara kultur teknis (cara budidaya). Pada MT-2 tahun 2016, penelitian dengan tujuan mendapatkan informasi mengenai populasi dan serangan hama, serta populasi musuh alami pada tiga cara budidaya padi telah dilakukan di lahan kebun percobaan Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi Sukamandi. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan tiga cara budidaya dan diulang sebanyak sembilan kali. Adapun cara budidaya yang digunakan terdiri atas:1) budidaya padi organik; 2) semi organik; 3) cara petani. Varietas yang digunakan adalah Inpari 30. Ukuran plot 6 m x 90 m. Variabel yang diamati meliputi populasi dan tingkat serangan hama, populasi musuh alami, dan hasil panen. Pengamatan dilakukan secara langsung di pertanaman pada 32 rumpun sampel secara acak diagonal dengan interval dua minggu sekali mulai umur tanaman dua minggu setelah tanam sampai menjelang panen. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan analisis ragam (Anova) dan perbedaan antar perlakuan dievaluasi dengan uji wilayah berganda Duncan pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi hama wereng coklat pada cara budidaya padi organik lebih rendah dibandingkan cara budidaya padi semi organik dan budidaya padi cara petani, tetapi tidak ada perbedaan populasi musuh alami pada cara budidaya padi organik, cara budidaya padi semi organik dan budidaya padi cara petani. Hasil panen terendah (2,67 t/ha) terlihat pada perlakuan budidaya padi organik.Kata Kunci: Budidaya padi, Hama, Musuh alami

scholarly journals Jatropha press cake as organic fertilizer in lettuce cultivation

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1089-1094
Author(s):  
José R. Mantovani ◽  
Jéssica da S. Bernardes ◽  
Paulo R. C. Landgraf
Keyword(s):  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Press Cake ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Lettuce Seedling ◽  
Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACT In biodiesel production, vegetable press cake is obtained as waste, and a suitable destination for jatropha press cake would be the use in agriculture as organic fertilizer. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of jatropha press cake on soil fertility attributes and on lettuce production and accumulation of nutrients in the shoots. The experiment was conducted in pots in a greenhouse, in a randomized block design with eight treatments and five replicates. The treatments consisted of doses of jatropha press cake equivalent to 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 16.0 and 32.0 t ha-1. Portions of 5.5 dm3 of soil received limestone, phosphate fertilizer and the doses of jatropha press cake, and remained incubated for 30 days. After incubation, soil samples were collected, each pot received one lettuce seedling and the experiment was carried out for 45 days. The organic fertilization with jatropha press cake increased the contents of nutrients in the soil, especially K+, but caused increment in soil acidity and electrical conductivity. The use of jatropha press cake as organic fertilizer decreased lettuce production and accumulation of nutrients in the shoots.

scholarly journals Agronomic descriptors and ornamental potential of passion fruit species

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Daiane Da Silva Nóbrega ◽  
José Ricardo Peixoto ◽  
Michelle Souza Vilela ◽  
Fábio Gelape Faleiro ◽  
Karolline De Paula Silva Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Fruit Breeding ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Distrito Federal ◽  
The University ◽  
Two Hybrid

Brazil has great variability, being one of the centers of origin of the genus Passiflora. Passion fruit has a multiple and diversified uses, being little explored as an ornamental plant in the country. The objective of this work was to characterize four passion fruit genotypes (two hybrid materials from the experimental field of passion fruit breeding program of the University of Brasília, and two passion fruit cultivars - BRS Sertão Forte and BRS Mel do Cerrado, both of them from Brazil), based on official and validated morphoagronomic descriptors for the identification of morphological aspects and ornamental potential, under field conditions, in the Distrito Federal, Brazil. The experiment consisted of a randomized block design, with four treatments, four replications, and six plants per plot. Plants were analyzed weekly regarding the characteristics of the branches, leaf blade, petiole, and flowers, with 24 measurements of each structure in the four treatments, which were recorded using a digital camera. Flowers presented pronounced size and color, colored branches, and leaves of varying sizes and shapes. All materials studied showed commercial ornamental potential to be explored as new options for ornamental climbing plants. 

scholarly journals Evaluation of sulfur source and dose on the nutritional state and production of piatã forage

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Felipe de Melo Santos ◽  
Allan de Marcos Lapaz ◽  
Rafael Simões Tomaz ◽  
Maikon Vinicius da Silva Lira ◽  
Adônis Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Sulfur Source ◽  
Sulfur Deficiency ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Sulfur Supply ◽  
Grass Growth ◽  
Low Sulfur

Sulfur deficiency in soils has become a worldwide concern for agricultural production. This study aimed to evaluate the concequence of variable sulfur source and dosing on the nutritional status and production of Piatã forage in a dystrophic Ultisol. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized block design with four replications. The 4 x 5 factorial treatments consisted of four sulfur sources (elemental sulfur pastilles [ESPA], gypsum [GY], gypsite [GI], and elemental sulfur powder [ESPO]) and five sulfur doses (0, 50, 100, 150. and 200 mg kg-1). The sulfur applications resulted in similar maximum shoot dry mass (SDM) production (16.66 to 17.69 g pot-1) with all sources. However, Piatã grass achieved maximum production in the treatments with 112 mg kg-1 of GI, 118 mg kg-1 of GY and ESPA, and 146 mg kg-1 of ESPO. The number of tillers, the leaf:stem ratio, and SPAD increased with increasing sulfur dose. The greatest increments of root dry mass (RDM) and of the tiller number were obtained with the ESPO source. Macronutrient concentrations in shoot dry mass tissue were in the order K > N > Ca > P > S > Mg. Low sulfur supply resulted in decreased Piatã grass growth with all sulfur sources tested. Differential responses were found with applications of different sulfur sources for SDM, RDM, and tillers number. The sources did not alter the leaf:stem ratio or SPAD index.

scholarly journals KAJIAN MINUS ONE TEST DAN KESUBURAN LAHAN PASIR UNTUK BUDIDAYA TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Sutardi ,
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Sandy Land ◽  
Survey Techniques ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Complete Fertilizer ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Physical And Chemical

<p>Soil Fertilyty and Minus One Test of Sandy Land For Shallot. Besides to prove the potential of N, P and K nutrients as limiting factors for shallot plants, the objectives of this research was to find out physical characteristics and fertility in sandy land (soils) in Bantul, Kulon Progo district, Special Region of Yogyakarta. Research was carried out in two stages. The first stage was survey and analysis of sandy land in Bantul and Kulon Progo by the age of<br />amelioration. Survey techniques was based on four age ameliorations of sandy soil. The second stage was conducted using complete randomized block design sigle factor. The second was minus one test of N, P and K consists of five treatments: 1 .TP = no fertilizer (control), 2. PK (-N) = complete fertilizer without N, 3. NK (-P) = complete fertilizer<br />without P, 4.NP (-K) = complete fertilizer without K and 5. NPK = complete fertilizer. The results showed that the introduction of amelioration techniques changed and improved soil different changes in physical and chemical of sandy land. Ameliorant addition into the planting media had positive with the percentage change in silt (0.55-2.37%) and clay (0.45-0.51%) increasing significantly, followed by levels P2O5 and lowerring the sand (1.05-2.07%). The result of minus one test fertilizer on sandy land for the shallot that fertilizer N become the main limiting factor P and K light whereas P and K nutrients were the limiting factor on sandy land for shallot. </p><p>Keywords: Ameliorant, sandy land, shallot</p><p>ABSTRAK<br />Tujuan penelitian untuk membuktikan bahwa hara N, P, dan K faktor pembatas untuk pertumbuhan dan produksi bawang merah pada lahan pasir pantai. Disamping itu juga mengetahui perubahan sifat fisik dan kimia tanah lahan pasir pantai pada berbagai blok dengan umur penggunaan lahan yang berbeda. Penelitian dilakukan dua tahap yaitu pertama survei dan analisis tanah lahan pasir di Kabupaten Bantul dan Kulon Progo D.I. Yogyakarta berdasarkan umur ameliorasi. Penelitian kedua mengetahui faktor pembatas menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) faktor tunggal. Perlakuan minus one test hara N, P dan K terdiri dari lima perlakuan: 1. TP = tanpa pupuk<br />(kontrol), 2. PK (-N) = pupuk lengkap kurang N, 3. NK (-P) = pupuk lengkap kurang P, 4. NP (-K) pupuk lengkap kurang K dan 5. NPK pupuk lengkap diulang 5 kali. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan lahan pasir dengan input bahan amelioran terjadi perubahan sifat fisik dan kimia sehingga kesuburan lahan meningkat. Peningkatan<br />tersebut karena terjadi perubahan persentase fraksi debu (0,55-2,37%) dan (0,45-0,51%) liat meningkat diikuti kadar hara P2O5, menurunkan fraksi pasir (1,05-2,07%) secara nyata. Hara N menjadi faktor pembatas utama, sedangkan K dan P merupakan pembatas ringan pada lahan pasir untuk bawang merah.</p><p>Kata Kunci: Amelioran, lahan pasir, bawang merah</p>

scholarly journals Growth Response of Seedlings of Four Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre. Ex. A. Froehner) Clones to Drought Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Novie Pranata Erdiansyah ◽  
Ade Wachjar ◽  
Eko Sulistyono ◽  
Supijatno Supijatno
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Two Factors

Drought is one of the limiting factors for the growth and yield of coffee plants. Drought due to long dry season has caused many losses for coffee plantations. This study aimed to evaluate the response of four Robusta coffee clones to drought stress at seedling stage and determine the best clone with high tolerance to drought. The study was conducted in Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Reseach Institute (ICCRI) Jember, East Java in November 2018–Mei 2019. The experimental design used a Randomized Block Design (RCBD) with two factors. The first factor has consisted of five levels drought through providing volume watering based coefficient and evaporation value of free water surface (Eo), namely: 0.5 Eo; 1.0 Eo; 1.5 Eo; 2.0 Eo; 2.5 Eo (control). The second factor has consisted of four Robusta coffee clones, namely: BP 409 (drought tolerant clone); BP 308; BP 939 and BP 358 (vulnerable to drought stres). The result showed that reduction in the volume of watering from 2.5 Eo until 0.5 Eo causes drought, reduce coffee growth linearly. Clone BP 409 and BP 939 had better tolerance of drought stress compared with BP 308 and BP 358. The anatomical adaptation of leaves of BP 409 to drought stress was by thickening of wax layer and palisade tissue. BP 939 thickened its leaves due to drought stress as a mechanism of adaptation to such condition.

scholarly journals Influence of Azospirillum brasilense associated with silicon and nitrogen fertilization on macronutrient contents in corn

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Shintate Galindo ◽  
Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto Teixeira Filho ◽  
Salatiér Buzetti ◽  
Willian Lima Rodrigues ◽  
Guilherme Carlos Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
No Till ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
N Use

AbstractInformation regarding the interaction between biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) with Azospirillum brasilense inoculation and the use of silicon (Si) is needed. Silicon exerts numerous benefits on grasses, especially when the plants are subjected to biotic and abiotic stresses, affecting plant nutrition. The aim of this research was to determine if there is a synergistic effect between the inoculation with A. brasilense and Si use, on macro-nutrient content in corn shoot and root. The field trial was performed in Selvíria, Brazil, on a Typic Rhodic Hapludox soil under no-till system. The experimental design was a completely randomized block design with four replicates arranged in a 2 × 5 × 2 triple factorial arrangement, consisting of two soil acidity corrective sources (dolomitic limestone and Ca and Mg silicate as sources of Si); five N doses (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1 applied in topdressing); with and without seed inoculation with A. brasilense. The inoculation favored N concentration in shoots and increased the N and S concentration even when associated to high N rates in topdressing. The Si as Ca and Mg silicate associated with the increment of N rates does not promote an increase in the macronutrients uptake. Although it did not favor the N use, the Si also did not negatively affect the benefits of the A. brasilense.

scholarly journals Fermented compost and N-fertilizer for enhancing the growth and productivity of purple eggplant on vertisols

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 898-904
Author(s):  
Lia Amalia ◽  
Raden Budiasih ◽  
Elly Roosma Ria ◽  
Raden Wahyono Widodo ◽  
Upit Kuswati
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Integrated Agriculture ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Biological Fertilizer

AbstractThe soil fertility and nutrient availability are limiting factors for growth and plant development. Fermented compost and nitrogen (N)-fertilizer are useful as sources of nutrients to support the growth of plant and microorganisms in soils. The combination of biological fertilizer and chemical fertilizer can support the concept of sustainable and integrated agriculture and minimize the adverse effects of chemical fertilizers. The research was conducted to get the recommended dose of fermented compost and N-fertilizer to increase the plant height and productivity of purple eggplant. The experiment was arranged as factorialized randomized block design and consisted of two factors and two replications, namely fermented compost dose (0, 5, 10, and 15 t ha−1) and N-fertilizer dose (0, 75, 150, and 225 kg ha−1). The observed responses were increase in plant height and productivity of purple eggplant. Compared to the control, the application of 15 t ha−1 fermented compost and 225 kg ha−1 N-fertilizer increased the plant height by 40.76% at 30 days after planting and 57.59% at 37 days after planting and increased the purple eggplant yield by 43.15%. BC ratio of the fermented compost (15 t ha−1) is 1.16 and BC ratio of the N-fertilizer (225 kg ha−1) is 1.09. Recommended dose to increase the plant height and productivity of purple eggplant in vertisol is 15 t ha−1 of fermented compost and 225 kg ha−1 of N-fertilizer.

scholarly journals Plasticity on 'BRS 8381' Glycine max (L.) Merril Agronomic Attributes in Different Years of Cultivation in Roraima

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
Oscar José Smiderle ◽  
Pedro Henrique Santos de Menezes ◽  
Aline Das Graças Souza ◽  
Thiago Jardelino Dias ◽  
Daniel Gianluppi
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Agronomic Characteristics ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Temperature Factors ◽  
Number Of Branches

Soy has high plasticity, which expands its capacity to adapt to different environmental and management conditions, through morphological changes in production components. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effects of different densities of soybean cultivar BRS 8381 on agronomic characteristics. The experiment was implemented and conducted in a Cerrado area, in the Agua Boa of Embrapa Roraima experimental field. A randomized block design was used in a 2*4 factorial scheme, with four replications. The treatments consisted of two years of soybean cultivation (2015 and 2016), sown in four plant densities (10, 14, 18 and 22 plants per linear meter). Agronomic characteristics were evaluated: plant height; height of insertion of the first pod; stem diameter; number of nodes on the stem; number of pods per plant; number of branches per plant; dry mass of the plant; harvest index and grain yield. The highest average productivity of 'BRS 8381' soybeans in the Cerrado area of Roraima is obtained with a population of 387.448 plants per hectare. 'BRS 8381' plants at density 22 plants m-1 linear are not suitable for the Cerrado conditions of Roraima. The cv. BRS 8381 is influenced by rainfall and temperature factors in the Cerrado conditions of Roraima.

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