scholarly journals Allelopathic Effect of Crambe (Crambe abyssinica) Extract on Corn Seedlings

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
Bruna de Villa ◽  
Reginaldo Ferreira Santos ◽  
Deonir Secco ◽  
Jair Antonio Cruz Siqueira ◽  
Luciene Kazue Tokura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Soil Physics ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Crambe Abyssinica ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
Plant Evaluation ◽  
Different Parts

The crambe crop is an interesting option for the production of biodiesel, mainly due to the high oil content (35%) and the corn one of the most implanted crops in Brazil. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the allelopathic effect of crambe in the initial development of maize. The experiment was carried out in the laboratory of seed and plant evaluation (LASP) and laboratory of soil physics (LAFIS) of UNIOESTE-Cascavel. The seeds of corn with germination of 93.5% were submitted to four concentrations plus the control in the different parts of the crambe plant, where the growth and mass of corn were valued. The experimental design was completely randomized with 4 replicates per treatment. The statistical analysis consisted of analysis of variance and the means of the treatments were compared by the Tukey test at 5% of significance. The extract of the whole crambe plant stimulated aerial length, root length, fresh and dry mass of corn shoot. Root, stem and leaf extracts inhibited the initial development of maize in relation to growth and fresh and dry shoot mass.

scholarly journals Effect of stalk and leaf extracts from Euphorbiaceae species on Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae) larvae

2006 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Goretti Araújo de Lima ◽  
Ismália Cassandra Costa Maia ◽  
Bruna Dantas de Sousa ◽  
Selene Maia de Morais ◽  
Sílvia Maria Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Variance Analysis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Different Parts

The objective of this study was to evaluate the larvicidal activity of essential oil aqueous solutions (hydrolates) obtained by steam distillation of stalks and leaves of Croton argyrophylloides, Croton nepetaefolius, Croton sonderianus and Croton zehntneri against Aedes aegypti larvae. Twenty-five larvae of third instar were placed in plastic beckers, containing the hydrolates (50 mL), in a four repetitions scheme. Water was used as control and the number of dead larvae was counted after 24 hours. The data obtained were submitted to Variance Analysis and Tukey test. Significant differences were observed among the hydrolates from different species and from different parts of each plant (p < 0.001). The hydrolates of stalk and leaf from C. nepetaefolius and C. zehntneri and leaf hydrolate of C. argyrophylloides presented 100% mortality against larvae. The compounds present in C. zenhtneri and C. nepetaefolius are oxygenated phenylpropanoids that are more soluble in water than the monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes detected in the oils of C. argyrophylloides and C. sonderianus. This study showed that all species analyzed presented compounds with larvicidal properties, with differences between each plant parts.

scholarly journals Profundidade de semeadura no desenvolvimento inicial de pseudocereais

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Daniele Brandstetter Rodrigues ◽  
Thais D'Avila Rosa ◽  
Jonas Albandes Gularte ◽  
Diego Cardoso de Medeiros ◽  
Lilian Vanusa Madruga de Tunes
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Probability Of Error ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Tukey Test

<p class="Default">O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da profundidade de semeadura na emergência de plântulas de sementes de  amaranto e quinoa. Foram avaliados os efeitos das profundidades de 0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 e 2,5 cm para amaranto e de 0; 1,5; 2,5; 3,5; e 4,5 cm para quinoa, obtidas por meio de anéis de pvc, com espessura equivalente a estes valores, que foram imersos no substrato para simular as profundidades de semeadura. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias, comparadas pelo teste de Tukey com 5% de probabilidade de erro. Foram realizados os testes de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, emergência de plântulas em bandejas, massa de matéria seca e peso de mil sementes. A profundidade de semeadura para o melhor desenvolvimento inicial indicada para amaranto é de até 1,5 cm, e para quinoa até 2,5 cm.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Seeding depth in the initial development of pseudocereals</em></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of sowing depth on emergence of amaranth and quinoa seeds seedlings. The effects of the depths of 0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.5 cm and amaranth 0; 1.5; 2.5; 3.5; quinoa and 4.5 cm, obtained from PVC rings with a thickness equivalent to these values, which were immersed in the substrate to simulate the sowing depths. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability of error. The germination tests were carried out, first count, seedling emergence on trays, dry mass and weight of a thousand seeds. The seeding depth for the initial development best suited for Amaranthus is up to 1.5 cm, and quinoa to 2.5 cm. </p><p><strong> </strong></p>

scholarly journals Allelopathic Potential of Hesperozygis ringens Extracts on Seed Germination of Soybeans and Beggarticks

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Charleston dos Santos Lima ◽  
Maria de Fatima Ribeiro Chicatte Lima ◽  
Thalía Preussler Birck ◽  
Raquel Stefanello
Keyword(s):  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Allelopathic Effects ◽  
Main Component

Hesperozygis ringens L., popularly known as espanta-pulga, is a native shrub found in rocky fields in Rio Grande do Sul. Its leaves produce a lot of essential oil, which contains pulegone as a main component that may be allelopathic. The objectives of this study were to analyze the allelopathic effects of H. ringens leaf extracts on the germination and initial development of soybean seeds and to evaluate the herbicidal potential of these extracts on beggarticks (Bidens pilosa L.). The seeds were placed on paper embedded in an aqueous extract of H. ringens leaves at concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% and maintained in a germination chamber at 25 &deg;C and a photoperiod of 12 h. The tests included the following: germination, first germination count, germination speed index, and length and dry mass of seedlings. The experimental design was completely randomized. Based on the results, the aqueous extracts of Hesperozygis ringens leaves had a detrimental effect on the germination and seedling growth of the soybeans and beggarticks, evidencing their allelopathic action.

Allelopathy of the Melia azedarach L. Leaf Extract on the Germination of Three Selected Atlantic Forest Species

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Magnólia Martins Alves ◽  
Renata Ranielly Pedroza Cruz ◽  
Manoel Bandeira de Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Seed Index

Allelopathy is a naturally occurring phenomenon that results in the release of chemicals capable of stimulating or inhibiting the development of other nearby plants. The objective of this work was to evaluate the allelopathic potential of Melia azedarach on the germination, seed index, length and dry mass of seedlings of three Atlantic Forest species. The treatments were distributed in a bi-factorial scheme consisting of 5 concentrations (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10%) and 3 species (Ceiba speciosa, Leucaena leucocephala and Samanea tubulosa), in four replicates of 25 seeds totaling 100 seeds for each treatment. The Tukey test at 1% was used to compare the means. For quantitative effects, a SISVAR polynomial regression analysis for Windows software version 4.6. The extracts were obtained from 100 mg of dehydrated and crushed leaves of M. azedarach in 1000 ml of distilled water. The sowing was carried out on germitest paper and the seeds kept germinating in germinators of the type Biochemical Oxigen Demand (BOD) at 25°C with photoperiod of 12 h. The germination, germination velocity index (GVI), length and dry mass of shoot and root were evaluated. The results obtained in the laboratory showed that the aqueous extract of leaves M. azedarach has an allelopathic effect on all studied species, reducing the percentage of germination, speed index, length and dry mass of seedlings.

scholarly journals Phytotoxicity of exotic species on the physiological potential of crambe seeds (Crambe abyssinica Hochs)

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Silvana Fraga Silva ◽  
Halina Stéffany Lopes Costa ◽  
Jesimiel Silva Viana ◽  
Sebastião Medeiros Filho
Keyword(s):  
Exotic Species ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Crambe Abyssinica ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Cultivated Species

Biological invasions of exotic plants can seriously contribute to ecological imbalances within areas to which they have been introduced, affecting, in addition to native plants, cultivated species. Consequently, the objective of the current study was to evaluate effects of allelopathic extracts of three exotic species on the physiological quality of crambe seeds. Aqueous extracts of Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC (algaroba) were formulated; Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Nim) and Cryptostegia madagascariensis Bojer ex Decne (viuvinha) at 20% (200 g of dried leaves per liter of distilled water) placed in B.O.D at 25 ° C for 24 h. Petri dishes, lined with germitest paper sheets, were moistened with aqueous extracts at 2,5 times de paper weight. In the experimental trial, we used the completely randomized, with four treatments (three extracts + control treatment) and four replicates of 25 seeds. The first and second germination counts were evaluated in the fourth and tenth days respectively; germination rate index (GRI), allelopathic effect index (AEI), seedling length and dry mass. P. juliflora and C. madagascariensis reduced germination by 84 and 91%, respectively, in the first count. The GRI was affected by the three species, while the AEI showed greater allelopathy for C. madagascariensis, reaching -0.90. Seedlings lengths were reduced in the presence of P. juliflora and C. madagascariensis. For crambe seeds, all extracts negatively affected their physiological potential.

scholarly journals APLICAÇÃO DE DIFERENTES DOSES DE SILÍCIO NA CULTURA DO CRAMBE

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinicius Roberto Guedes ◽  
Ana Paula Morais Mourão Simonetti ◽  
Helton Aparecido Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Mass Number ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Crambe Abyssinica ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Crop Cycle

The Crambe (Crambe abyssinica) is a brassicaceae from Ethiopia, and adapted in Mediterranean, its most important feature is about the production of vegetal oil. However, for being a culture recently widespread in Brazil, a few studies are found in literature about the effects and benefits of n in crambe’s culture. This work was conducted at the Farm School Assis Gurgacz College (FAG) in Cascavel - Paraná and aimed to evaluate the effect of silicon on productive aspects of crambe.. Was used the completely randomized desing, that the treatement was divide in: T1 – control; T2- syrup of silícon 0,10% with 2 aplications; T3 - syrup of silicon 0,15% with 3 aplications; T4 - silicon with inseticide and  T5 - only inseticide, that was recomendaded for this culture, resulting 20 parcels. Were evaluated after the crop cycle parameters: plant height, root dry mass, number of grains per plant and weight of 100 grains. Statistical analysis consisted of analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the treatment means were compared by Tukey test at 5% significance with the help of ASSISTAT software. The use of silicon did not influence positively the production of crambe parameters, except for the number of grains. 

scholarly journals Production of lettuce changes (lactuca sativa) submitted to different doses of Silicon

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
T. O. D. Gonzaga ◽  
C. Araujo ◽  
A. L. Andrade ◽  
J. M. Dos Santos ◽  
G. B. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
Different Doses

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different doses of silicon on the production of lettuce seedlings. The treatments were arranged in a 4x2 factorial scheme, totaling 8 treatments. The first factor corresponded to 4 Si doses (Ca silicate) added to the substrate for seedling production (0; 13.3; 32.3 and 53.2 g.kg-1 of Si on the substrate). The second factor corresponded to two varieties of lettuce, being Mônica SF31 (Crespa) and Rafaela (Americana). The experimental design was the completely randomized, with 4 replicates. The number of leaves (NF), fresh aerial mass (MFPA), dry shoot mass (MSPA), fresh radicular mass (MFRA) and root dry mass (MSRA) were evaluated. Data were submitted to analysis of variance by the F test, and the means of the treatments compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability. The seedlings of the Mônica SF31 and Rafaela lettuce varieties do not present differences regarding the Si requirement for the production of MFPA, MSPA, MFRA and MSRA. The application of Si to the substrate can be a viable alternative for the production of lettuce seedlings with higher NF, MFPA, MSPA, MFRA and MSRA. Doses of 32.0 to 43.7 g.kg-1 of Si in the substrate are suitable for higher production of MFPA, MSPA, MFRA and MSRA of lettuce Mônica SF31. Doses of 31.5 to 39.8 g.kg-1 of Si in the substrate are suitable for higher production of MFPA, MSPA, MFRA and MSRA of Rafaela lettuce seedlings.

scholarly journals FUNGOS MICORRÍZICOS ARBUSCULARES E DOSES DE FÓSFORO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE MUDAS DE GUANANDI

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Edilson Nonato Da Silva ◽  
Aline Torquato Tavares ◽  
Cândida Pereira Da Silva ◽  
Tiago Alves Ferreira ◽  
João Victor Gonçalves Carline ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Calophyllum Brasiliense ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Forest Engineering

O experimento foi realizado na Estação Experimental de Engenharia Florestal do Campus Universitário de Gurupi, Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), com objetivo de determinar a melhor dose de fósforo na presença de fungos arbusculares em mudas de guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense Camb.) O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com três repetições em esquema fatorial 6 x 2. Os tratamentos foram seis doses de fósforo (0; 400; 800; 1200; 1600 e 2000 g de P2O5 por m³) no substrato na presença e ausência de Fungos Micorrízos Arbusculares (FMAs). As características avaliadas foram altura das plantas, diâmetro do caule, massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA), massa seca da raiz (MSR), massa seca total (MST) e colonização micorrízica. Os diferentes níveis de adubação influenciaram a colonização micorrízica arbuscular. Nas doses 400 e 1600 g de fósforo por m3 de substrato observou-se maior porcentagem de colonização. A altura e o diâmetro das plantas foram significativamente afetados pela presença de P2O5. A massa seca da parte aérea e massa seca total não é afetada por doses de P2O5. O melhor desempenho das mudas de C. brasiliense ocorreu aos 90 dias com dose de 1.421 g de P2O5 por m3 de substrato.Palavras-chave: Calophyllum brasiliense Camb., adubação, micorrização. MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND PHOSPHORUS DOSES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF GUANANDI SEEDLINGS ABSTRACT:The experiment was carried out at the Forest Engineering Experimental Station of the Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), University Campus of Gurupi, with the objective of determining the best dose of phosphorus in the presence of arbuscular fungi in guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense Camb. The experimental design was completely randomized with three replicates in a 6 x 2 factorial scheme. The treatments were six doses of phosphorus (0, 400, 800, 1200, 1600 and 2000 g of P2O5 per m³) on the substrate in the presence and absence of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (FMAs). The evaluated characteristics were plant height, stem diameter, shoot dry mass (MSPA), root dry mass (MSR), total dry mass (MST) and mycorrhizal colonization. The different levels of fertilization influenced arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization. At 400 and 1600 g of phosphorus per m3 of substrate, a higher percentage of colonization was observed. The height and diameter of the plants were significantly affected by the presence of P2O5. Dry shoot mass and total dry mass are not affected by P2O5 doses. The best performance of C. brasiliense seedlings occurred at 90 days with a dose of 1421 g of P2O5 per m3 of substrate.Keywords: Calophyllum brasiliense Camb., fertilization, mycorrhization. DOI:

scholarly journals EXCESSO DE FERRO SOBRE O DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PORTA-ENXERTOS CÍTRICOS

Nativa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Kassio Ewerton Santos Sombra ◽  
Andreza Cristina Chagas de Oliveira ◽  
Ronyce Do Nascimento Ferreira ◽  
Alexandre Caique Costa e Silva ◽  
Cleilson Do Nascimento Uchôa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
San Diego ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Citrus Rootstock ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

O trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos do excesso de ferro sobre a emergência e desenvolvimento inicial de genótipos de porta-enxertos cítricos. Adotou-se delineamento em blocos casualizados (DBC), em fatorial 5x2, com cinco porta-enxertos e dois substratos, repetidos quatro vezes, com parcela útil de 15 recipientes. Os genótipos consistiram do limoeiro ‘Cravo Santa Cruz’; citrandarins ‘Riverside’, ‘San Diego’ e ‘Índio’, além de, tangerineira ‘Sunki Tropical’, cultivados com ou sem óxido de ferro no substrato. Analisaram-se as porcentagens de emergência (PE) e calculou-se o índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE). Realizaram-se biometrias aos 30, 60 e 90 dias após a semeadura (DAS), mensurando-se a altura (H) e diâmetro de caule (D) das plântulas, determinando-se massa fresca (MV) e seca (MS). O excesso de ferro induziu subdesenvolvimento, e até mortalidade de plântulas já emergidas, o que refletiu diretamente nos resultados, porém, todos os genótipos apresentaram emergência superior a 75%, destacando-se o citrandarin ‘San Diego’, com maior altura e caule mais espesso, e o citrandarin ‘Riverside’ com maior sensibilidade ao estresse, registrando os menores valores. O citrandarin ’San Diego’ demonstrou tolerância o estresse e desenvolveu-se satisfatoriamente, necessitando estudos que avaliem a manutenção das características inferidas em combinação com a cultivar copa.Palavras-chave: ambiente protegido, citricultura, enxertia, estresse, mudas. EXCESS OF IRON ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CITRUS ROOTSTOCKS ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was evaluated the effects of iron excess on the emergence and initial development of citrus rootstock genotypes. A randomized complete block design (DBC), factorial 5x2, with five rootstocks and two substrates, repeated four times, with useful plot of 15 containers was adopted. Genotypes consisted of the 'Santa Cruz' Rangpur lemon; 'Riverside', 'San Diego' and 'Indio' citrandarins, as well as 'Sunki Tropical' tangerine, grown with or without iron excess in substrate. The percentages of emergency (PE) were analyzed and the rate of emergency (IVE) was calculated. Biometry was performed at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing (DAS), by measuring the height (H) and stem diameter (D) of the seedlings, determining fresh (MV) and dry mass (DM). The excess of iron induced underdevelopment, and even mortality of already emerged seedlings, which reflected directly in the results, however, all genotypes presented an emergency higher to 75%, standing out ’San Diego’ citrandarin, with greater height and more stem thick, and the ‘Riverside’ citrandarin with greater sensitivity to stress, registering the lowest values. 'San Diego’ citrandarin demonstrated stress tolerance and developed satisfactorily, requiring studies that evaluate maintenance of inferred characteristics in combination with cultivar canopy.Keywords: protected environment, citriculture, grafting, stress, seedlings.

scholarly journals Potential nursing effects of Parkia platycephala Benth. (Fabaceae) in a disturbed Brazilian Savanna area undergoing restoration

2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiderson Silva Cabral ◽  
Maíra Jéssica Gomes de Souza ◽  
Rafael José De Oliveira ◽  
Ronaldo Rodrigues Coimbra ◽  
Fernando Mayer Pelicice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Savanna ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Plant Assemblages ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Shading Plant ◽  
Dipteryx Alata

We evaluated the influence of Parkia platycephala on plant assemblages under its crown and surrounding areas in a disturbed Brazilian Savanna, as well as the effects of aqueous extracts of its leaves on the germination and development of three species, under the hypothesis that P. platycephala might work as a nurse species. Eleven areas of direct (ADIs) and indirect (AIIs) influence of P. platycephala and 11 control areas (COs) were delineated. All tree and shrub species present in these areas, including seedlings, were sampled. Richness, composition and abundance of woody taxa were determined. Laboratory studies analyzed the effects of P. platycephala aqueous leaf extracts on the germination and initial development of Dipteryx alata, Enterolobium gummiferum and Magonia pubescens, which in the field exhibited different abundance levels under its crown. Regarding plant assemblages, no differences in terms of richness and abundance of woody taxa were detected among the areas. However, we recorded a gradient of species composition and abundance ranks from ADI to CO areas. The number of seedlings also differed, with higher values near P. platycephala. Soil characteristics were similar among areas, but shading, plant height and diameter differed. The aqueous leaf extract at 25% provided the best germination of M. pubescens. The extract at 75% favored the initial development of this species in terms of root length. These results indicate that the presence of P. platycephala affects the structure of neighboring plant assemblages, possibly working as a facilitator for some species in areas undergoing restoration.

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