EXCESSO DE FERRO SOBRE O DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PORTA-ENXERTOS CÍTRICOS

O trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos do excesso de ferro sobre a emergência e desenvolvimento inicial de genótipos de porta-enxertos cítricos. Adotou-se delineamento em blocos casualizados (DBC), em fatorial 5x2, com cinco porta-enxertos e dois substratos, repetidos quatro vezes, com parcela útil de 15 recipientes. Os genótipos consistiram do limoeiro ‘Cravo Santa Cruz’; citrandarins ‘Riverside’, ‘San Diego’ e ‘Índio’, além de, tangerineira ‘Sunki Tropical’, cultivados com ou sem óxido de ferro no substrato. Analisaram-se as porcentagens de emergência (PE) e calculou-se o índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE). Realizaram-se biometrias aos 30, 60 e 90 dias após a semeadura (DAS), mensurando-se a altura (H) e diâmetro de caule (D) das plântulas, determinando-se massa fresca (MV) e seca (MS). O excesso de ferro induziu subdesenvolvimento, e até mortalidade de plântulas já emergidas, o que refletiu diretamente nos resultados, porém, todos os genótipos apresentaram emergência superior a 75%, destacando-se o citrandarin ‘San Diego’, com maior altura e caule mais espesso, e o citrandarin ‘Riverside’ com maior sensibilidade ao estresse, registrando os menores valores. O citrandarin ’San Diego’ demonstrou tolerância o estresse e desenvolveu-se satisfatoriamente, necessitando estudos que avaliem a manutenção das características inferidas em combinação com a cultivar copa.Palavras-chave: ambiente protegido, citricultura, enxertia, estresse, mudas. EXCESS OF IRON ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CITRUS ROOTSTOCKS ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was evaluated the effects of iron excess on the emergence and initial development of citrus rootstock genotypes. A randomized complete block design (DBC), factorial 5x2, with five rootstocks and two substrates, repeated four times, with useful plot of 15 containers was adopted. Genotypes consisted of the 'Santa Cruz' Rangpur lemon; 'Riverside', 'San Diego' and 'Indio' citrandarins, as well as 'Sunki Tropical' tangerine, grown with or without iron excess in substrate. The percentages of emergency (PE) were analyzed and the rate of emergency (IVE) was calculated. Biometry was performed at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing (DAS), by measuring the height (H) and stem diameter (D) of the seedlings, determining fresh (MV) and dry mass (DM). The excess of iron induced underdevelopment, and even mortality of already emerged seedlings, which reflected directly in the results, however, all genotypes presented an emergency higher to 75%, standing out ’San Diego’ citrandarin, with greater height and more stem thick, and the ‘Riverside’ citrandarin with greater sensitivity to stress, registering the lowest values. 'San Diego’ citrandarin demonstrated stress tolerance and developed satisfactorily, requiring studies that evaluate maintenance of inferred characteristics in combination with cultivar canopy.Keywords: protected environment, citriculture, grafting, stress, seedlings.

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Effect of plant regulators on growth and flowering of 'Meyer' zoysiagrass

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582013000300021 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 695-703 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S.R. Marchi ◽

D. Martins ◽

N.V. Costa ◽

J.R.V. Silva

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Mass Production ◽

Untreated Control ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Zoysia Japonica ◽

Visual Effects ◽

Visual Symptoms ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Prohexadione Calcium

This trial aimed to evaluate the effect of sequential applications of different plant regulators over growth and flower rachis emission of 'Meyer' zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica). The study was conducted on 15-month old green turfgrass under a randomized complete block design with four replications. The following plant regulator and doses were tested: trinexapac-ethyl (113+113, 226+113, 226+226, 452+113, 452+226, 452+452, 678+339 e 904+452 g a.i./ha-1), prohexadione-calcium (100+100 e 200+200 g a.i. ha-1) and bispyribac-sodium (40+40 e 60+60 g a.i. ha-1), as well as an untreated control. The turfgrass was mowed again at 3.0 cm aboveground and the second plant regulator was applied when 'Meyer' zoysiagrass was between 5.0 and 6.0 cm high. The effect of the treatments was visually rated for visual injury, plant height, height and number of flower rachis, and total dry mass production of clippings. Only bispyribac-sodium had visual symptoms of injury on 'Meyer' zoysiagrass, and no intoxication was observed at 28 days after the second application (DAAB). The sequential applications of trinexapac-ethyl, prohexadione-calcium and bispyribac-sodium reduced by more than 80% the total clipping dry mass produced by 'Meyer' zoysiagrass. All the plant regulators tested also showed promising results in reducing the height and emission of rachis, especially when trinexapac-ethyl was applied at the doses 452+452, 678+339 and 904+452 g a.i. ha-1. 'Meyer' zoysiagrass turfgrass can be handled with the sequential application of a plant regulator, which reduces the need for mowing over a period up to 110 days after the application of the second plant regulator, and it also avoids deleterious visual effects over turfgrass.

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Effects of plant density and proportion on the interaction between wheat with alexandergrass plants

Bragantia ◽

10.1590/s0006-87052011000100007 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 40-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Leonardo Bianco de Carvalho ◽

Pedro Luis da Costa Aguiar Alves ◽

José Valcir Fidelis Martins

Keyword(s):

Growth And Development ◽

Plant Density ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Replacement Series ◽

Mixture Experiment ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Production Characteristics

Determination of competitive relationships among plant species requires appropriate experimental designs and method of analysis. The hypothesis of this research was that two species growing in coexistence show different growth and development due to their relative competitiveness. This research aims to measure the relative competitiveness of wheat crop compared to Alexandergrass by the interpretation of plant density and proportional effects using replacement series experiments. Monocultures were cultivated in densities of 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 plants per pot and analyzed by regression of dry mass data. Mixture experiment was cultivated in wheat:Alexandergrass proportions of 0:6, 1:5, 2:4, 3:3, 4:2, 5:1 and 6:0 plants per pot and analyzed by graphical interpretation of growth and production characteristics. Both experiments were carried out in randomized complete block design with four replicates. Alexandergrass was more sensitive to intraspecific competition than wheat. Alexandergrass was lightly more competitive than wheat. Number and weight of spikes and number of tillers were the wheat characteristics more affected by Alexandergrass interference.

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Intercropping of sorghum with Paiaguas palisadegrass in a crop-livestock integration system for pasture recovery

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2216 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1072-1080

Author(s):

Charles Barbosa Santos ◽

Kátia Aparecida de Pinho Costa ◽

Wender Ferreira de Souza ◽

Alessandro Guerra da Silva ◽

Victor Costa e Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Production ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Forage Production ◽

Integration System ◽

Initial Development ◽

Sustainable Systems ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Forage Species ◽

Sorghum Grain

Intercropping systems have become an interesting alternative for grain and forage production because they are sustainable systems that reduce carbon emissions in degraded pasture areas. However, few studies have used forage species recently introduced into the market, and more studies that assess the performances of these species in integrated systems are needed. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of intercropped sorghum and Paiaguas palisadegrass (including the species name) in a crop-livestock integration system for pasture recovery. The field experiment was conducted in the municipality of Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil, using a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments consisted of the following forage systems: monocropping of sorghum, monocropping of Paiaguas palisadegrass, row intercropping of sorghum with Paiaguas palisadegrass, interrow intercropping of sorghum with Paiaguas palisadegrass and intercropping of sorghum with oversown Paiaguas palisadegrass. To obtain a desired population of 240,000 plants ha-1, 12 seeds of sorghum and 5 kg of viable pure seeds of the forage species were planted per meter and hectare, respectively. The growth of Paiaguas palisadegrass in the same row as sorghum reduced the sorghum grain yield. The intercropping of sorghum with oversown Paiaguas palisadegrass hindered the initial development of Paiaguas palisadegrass in terms of plant height and number of tillers due to shading, and this effect was reflected in the dry mass production. Row and interrow intercropping provided higher dry mass production without affecting the forage quality. Therefore, the interrow intercropping of sorghum with Paiaguas palisadegrass was found to be a promising agricultural technique for grain and forage production that could be used for the establishment of new pastures or pasture recovery.

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Growth of escarole in different seasons of year, RS, Brazil

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n2p455 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 455

Author(s):

Daniele Cristina Fontana ◽

Braulio Otomar Caron ◽

Denise Schmidt ◽

Daniela Meira ◽

Thais Pollon Zanatta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Global Radiation ◽

Technical Information ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Four Seasons ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Different Seasons ◽

Crop Cycle ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Santa Maria

The lack of research about escarole cultivars adapted to each region, as well as technical information on plant growth have been some of the factors related to low yields. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the growth of escarole crop in four seasons of year in Santa Maria, RS. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design, 1 x 4, being a escarole (cultivar Escorola Lisa®) evaluated in four seasons of year (summer, autumn, winter and spring), in six replications. The evaluations were performed in a destructive manner every seven days, from date of transplant to harvest point. The following components were analyzed: number of leaves, number of residues, dry mass of leaves, dry mass of leaves, stem and residue. Thus, it was determined the parameters for growth analysis. With the data obtained, we performed a variance analysis, and presented significant results, and the means of each season of the year submitted to the Tukey test at 5% of error probability. The air temperature and global radiation influence crop cycle. Lower temperatures and lower incidence of radiation result in cycle extended, as observed in autumn. The escarole growth is influenced by seasons of year in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), and summer and spring finish the cycle in advance to others, presenting a larger leaf area. Summer and spring are most indicated season to escarole crop in RS, Brazil.

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Soil management and application of agricultural gypsum in a Planosol for soybean cultivation

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20161102 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (11) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Enio Marchesan ◽

Felipe Tonetto ◽

Gustavo Mack Teló ◽

Lucas Lopes Coelho ◽

Bruno Behenck Aramburu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Soil Management ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Management Systems ◽

Root Penetration ◽

Deep Tillage ◽

Tillage Practices ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Gypsum Application

ABSTRACT: This study investigated the effects of soil management systems, tillage, and application of gypsum agricultural to soil, on soybean development in lowland areas. The experiment was carried out on an Alfisol in a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement. The two soil tillage practices were without deep tillage and with deep tillage. Gypsum treatments were no gypsum application, 500kg of gypsum ha-1, 1000kg of gypsum ha-1, and 1500kg of gypsum ha-1. Deep tillage resulted in less soil resistance to root penetration during ryegrass cultivation during the soybean offseason, 11 months after applying the management treatments, resulting in higher dry mass of ryegrass in the offseason and higher soybean yield in the following year.

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Magnesium Sources and Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense in the Initial Development of Maize

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n7p170 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 170

Author(s):

Roberto Cecatto Júnior ◽

Vandeir Francisco Guimarães ◽

Lucas Guilherme Bulegon ◽

Anderson Daniel Suss ◽

Adriano Mitio Inigaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Mineral Fertilization ◽

Initial Development ◽

Maize Seeds ◽

Seed Inoculation ◽

Leaf Dry Mass ◽

Maize Plants ◽

And Control

The aim was to evaluate the initial development of maize plants when submitted to mineral fertilization with magnesium sources in the presence or absence of seed inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense. To do so, was conducted an experiment in greenhouse. In the essay was adopted a randomized blocks design, in a factorial scheme 3 × 2, represented by the magnesium sources: magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), magnesium oxide (MgO) and control without Mg fertilization, in the presence or absence of inoculation with A. brasilense. The Mg sources were supplied with a dose of 30 kg ha-1, being homogenized in the substrate before sowing the crop. The analysis were carried out in the V4 stage, evaluating: basal stem diameter (BSD); relative chlorophyll content (SPAD index), leaf dry mass (LDM), stem + sheath blade dry mass (SSDM) and root dry mass (RDM). No differences were observed for the factors interaction and for the Mg sources. When considered the seed inoculation there was increases of 7.1%; 6.61%; 19.23%; 28.32%; and 15.17 %, for basal stem diameter, SPAD index, leaf dry mass, stem + sheath blade dry mass and roots, respectively. The inoculation of maize seeds with A. brasilense increases the initial development of maize plants and the SPAD index in greenhouse conditions in the V4, while the fertilization with the magnesium sources do not interfere in the maize development.

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Growth promotion of Guinea grass by diazotrophic bacteria1

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632019v4956732 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

Author(s):

Konrad Passos Silva ◽

Gian Otávio Alves Silva ◽

Tayla Évellin Oliveira ◽

Adauton Vilela Rezende ◽

Ligiane Aparecida Florentino

Keyword(s):

Growth Promotion ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Diazotrophic Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Nitrogen Inputs ◽

Guinea Grass

ABSTRACT The Panicum maximum species (cv. Mombaça) is a forage plant well adapted to the different edaphoclimatic conditions found in Brazil; however, it requires high nitrogen fertilizer doses to ensure high yields. The present study aimed to assess the inoculation effect with associative diazotrophic bacteria strains on the yield and bromatological characteristics of the Guinea grass. A randomized block design was used, consisting of 25 treatments, being 23 of them inoculated with diazotrophic bacteria and two without inoculation (one with and the other without mineral nitrogen), with four repetitions. The analyzed variables were stem diameter; leaf width and length; leaf, stem and root dry mass yield; crude protein; acid and neutral detergent fibers. There were no differences among the treatments for root dry mass, stem diameter and acid detergent fiber. For the remaining variables, a positive effect of the inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria was observed, particularly for the following Unifenas strains: 100-06, 100-13, 100-26, 100-30, 10-35, 100-54, 100-69, 100-71 and 100-94. This reveals the potential of these bacterial strains for use at the sustainable production of the Guinea grass with a reduction in the use of nitrogen inputs.

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Chicken Manure and Phosphorus Influence on Biomass Production and Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Ocimum kilimandscharicum

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v12n10p77 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 77

Author(s):

Vânia Tomazelli de Lima ◽

Maria do Carmo Vieira ◽

Anelise Samara Nazari Formagio ◽

Néstor Antonio Heredia Zárate ◽

Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Biomass Production ◽

Mass Production ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Fresh And Dry Mass

The effects of soil incorporation of five rates of semi-decomposed chicken manure (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 t ha-1), with and without the addition of phosphorus (200 kg P2O5 ha-1) on biomass production and chemical composition of the essential oil from leaves of African blue basil were evaluated. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The first cut of plants was performed at 70 days after transplanting (DAT) and the second at 140 DAT. The addition of 20 t ha-1 of chicken manure to the soil induced increase in plants height, fresh and dry mass production and yield of essential oil. The use of chicken manure induced an increase in camphor content and decreased content of 1,8 cineole. After regrowth, biomass production of African blue basil was higher when compared to the first cut.

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Growth of 5 Provenances at 6 Months Old Alstonia Scholaris in Sumber Klampok, Bali

Jurnal Wasian ◽

10.20886/jwas.v2i2.875 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 67

Author(s):

Mashudi Mashudi

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Block Design ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Forest Plantation ◽

Fast Growing ◽

Alstonia Scholaris ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Fast Growing Species

Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br. is one of native and fast growing species in Indonesia. This species is potential for forest plantation. Its wood can be used for boxes, matches, heelpiece, crafts (mask and puppet), pencil slate, and pulp. This paper aims to study the growth of Alstonia scholaris at 6 month old in Sumber Klampok, Bali. This experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with provenances as treatment. The research used 5 provenances, i.e. Lombok (NTB), Jayapura (Papua), Solok (West Sumatera), Timor (NTT) and Bali. Material genetic from 46 parent trees were used and we observed 4 seedling of each patent trees with 6 replications. The result showed that provenances of Bali, Lombok dan NTT were the best provenances for survival rate, height, and stem diameter.

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Effects of TiO2 nanoparticles and water-deficit stress on morpho-physiological characteristics of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) plants

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2016.107.2.11 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 107 (2) ◽

pp. 385 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Hamid Mohammadi ◽

Mohammad Esmailpour ◽

Ali GHERANPAYE

Keyword(s):

Water Deficit ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Block Design ◽

Membrane Damage ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Water Deficit Stress ◽

Malondialdehyde Content ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Nano Titanium Dioxide

Water-deficit stress is the most important environmental factors limiting plant growth, and production. Nano-titanium dioxide (nano anataseTiO2) can have various profound effects on the crop physiological, biochemical and morphological characteristics. In the present research, the influences of different concentrations ofTiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) (0, 10 and 40 ppm) and water-deficit stress on Dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) were investigated in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that under normal irrigation, foliar application of 10 ppm TiO2 NPs increased plant shoot dry mass and essential oils content. Under water-deficit stress condition, plants treated with 10 ppm TiO2 NPs had more proline and much less H2O2 and malondialdehyde content as compared to untreated plants. Therefore, it can be concluded that proper concentration of TiO2 NPs probably can be used as an exogenous stimuli for improvement of shoot growth and essential oil content in plants. Furthermore, water-deficit stress-induced damages such as oxidative stress and membrane damage can be ameliorated by foliar application of TiO2 NPs at appropriate concentrations.

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