scholarly journals Study on the Chalkiness Character of Giant Embryo Rice and Observation on Its Microstructure in Grains

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Bo Peng ◽  
Kun He ◽  
Kun Xu ◽  
Dong-Ying Tang ◽  
Juan Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Nutritional Qualities ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Grain Chalkiness ◽  
Giant Embryo

Grain chalkiness greatly affects the grain appearance and milling, eating, cooking, and nutritional qualities, thus it is one of the most important traits of grain qualities. Based on the study of chalkiness characters in endosperm of different giant embryo rice, the relationship between the differences of chalkiness characters in endosperm of different giant embryo rice and the morphological structure, arrangement and development of starch granules in endosperm was clarified, which will lay a solid foundation for further revealing the formation mechanism of chalkiness characters in giant embryo rice and cultivating excellent new varieties of giant embryo rice. In this study, the chalkiness of endosperm (including chalkiness rate, chalkiness degree and chalkiness area) of 16 different rice varieties were investigated and analyzed. The results showed that the chalkiness of endosperm was closely related to the morphological structure and arrangement of starch granules in endosperm cells of different kinds of giant embryo rice, and there were significant differences between the chalkiness of different parts of the same giant embryo rice and the morphological structure and arrangement of starch granules in endosperm cells. Therefore, the results of this study will provide important information for the improvement of quality characters and the breeding of new rice varieties.

scholarly journals The Arrangement of Endosperm Cells and Development of Starch Granules Are Associated With the Occurrence of Grain Chalkiness in Japonica Varieties

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Bo Peng ◽  
Dong-Yan Kong ◽  
Tondi-Yacouba Nassirou ◽  
Yu Peng ◽  
Lu-Lu He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Market Price ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Japonica Variety ◽  
Rice Endosperm ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Transparent Parts ◽  
Endosperm Structure ◽  
Grain Chalkiness

The endosperm chalkiness in grains is one of the most important traits in rice grain qualities, and grain chalkiness directly determines grain quality and market price. Therefore, the endosperm chalkiness reduction is an important goal of breeding scientist in rice. However, little is known about the relationship of the formation of rice endosperm chalkiness and the morphological structure and development in fragrant japonica and conventional japonica varieties. In this study, we have mainly investigated the chalkiness characters such as degree of endosperm chalkiness (DEC), chalkiness rate (CR) and chalkiness area (CA) in 12 fragrant japonica varieties and 9 conventional japonica varieties. Furthermore, the endosperm structure and starch granules of rice grains were also observed with scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results indicated that the 21 varieties including the different fragrant japonica and conventional japonica varieties has a linear relationship between the DEC and the CR (P < 0.05). Among the fragrant japonica and conventional japonica varieties, the biggest difference is the CR, follow by CA and DEC. In addition, there is a certain correlation between the arrangement of endosperm cells, the distribution of starch granules and the occurrence of chalkiness characters in the different fragrant japonica and conventional japonica varieties. For the same fragrant japonica or conventional japonica variety, there is no significant difference between the starch granules from the transparent parts of chalkiness and non-chalky, while the starch granules of grains between chalky and non-chalky has obvious difference. Our results would provide important references for high quality rice breeding.

scholarly journals Ecological trial of the rostov rice varieties in the Krasnodar territory

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
P. I. Kostylev ◽  
М. А. Ladatko ◽  
Е. V. Krasnova ◽  
I. A. Zeleneva ◽  
B. V. Foliyants ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Variety ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Federal Research ◽  
Main Indicator ◽  
Nutritional Qualities ◽  
Local Species ◽  
New Varieties

In modern rice growing, the development of new varieties and their rapid introduction into agricultural production is of great importance. Every year the Federal Research Center of Rice and the ARC “Donskoy” develop more productive rice varieties with improved tolerance to unfavorable biotic, abiotic stress factors, with various nutritional qualities of seeds. Any variety responds differently to a variety of agro-ecological conditions, forming different productivity, as the main indicator of cost and demand in production. The current paper has presented the results of ecological variety testing of four rice varieties conducted in 2020 on the fields of ‘Krasnoarmeisky’ and ‘Krasnaya’ located in the Krasnoarmeisky district of the Krasnodar Territory. Each variety was identified on variability of productivity and number of plants per unit area. The productivity of rice varieties varied significantly depending on the variant of the trial (2.93–8.79 t/ha). The variety ‘Kapitan’ significantly surpassed the standard variety ‘Rapan’, when sown after rice and alfalfa, but was at the same level in the agro-ameliorative field. The variety ‘Kapitan’ when sown after ‘AMP’ (high check) formed the maximum productivity of 8.79 t/ha in the background variant and 8.66 t/ha when topdressing with N30. It was due to the high resistance of the variety ‘Kapitan’ to local species of blast in difference from other varieties. Rice stand ranged from 70.5 to 519.0 pcs/m2. The variability between the varieties within the variant was medium (CV = 11.1–19.2%), and between the experimental variants it was high (CV = 59.0–71.3%). For cultivation in the Krasnodar Territory there has been recommended the rice variety ‘Kapitan’, developed by the ARC “Donskoy” together with FRC of rice, which has shown fairly high productivity with little variability.

scholarly journals Tailoring rice varieties to consumer preferences induced by cultural and colonial heritage: Lessons from New Rice for Africa (NERICA) in The Gambia

2021 ◽  
pp. 003072702110197
Author(s):  
Kofi Britwum ◽  
Matty Demont
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Auction Market ◽  
Asian Rice ◽  
Market Competitiveness ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Locally Grown

Rice breeding priorities in Africa often focus on agronomic gains. However, being a net importer of rice, the continent’s varietal replacement success also crucially hinges on new varieties’ market competitiveness vis-à-vis imports. Markets have been profoundly shaped by cultural and colonial heritage. Indigenous preferences for African rice can be traced back to ancient rice domestication and have been subsequently influenced by Asian rice import standards as a result of colonial import substitution policies. New Rice for Africa (NERICA) crosses between African and Asian rice species have the potential to reconcile these dual indigenous/import preferences, but little is known about their market competitiveness. We use auction market data to assess the intrinsic and extrinsic consumer value of NERICA in The Gambia relative to two market standards: branded, Asian rice imports and the most popular locally grown Asian rice variety. We categorize rice consumers into four market segments, based on their heritage as evidenced by their preferences and genealogical lineages. NERICA outperforms both Asian rice standards in terms of market competitiveness, and its value is further reinforced by colonial heritage and labeling, but somewhat weakened by cultural heritage. Consumers were found to pay price premiums for NERICA in the range of 5% to 22% relative to Asian rice imports, with the highest premiums offered by consumers with colonial heritage, representing 86% of the sample. Maintaining and expanding this market will require breeders to incorporate trait mixes that reconcile agronomic gains and consumer preferences induced by cultural and colonial heritage.

scholarly journals Comparison of Morphological and Physicochemical Properties of a Floury Rice Variety upon Pre-Harvest Sprouting

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 746
Author(s):  
Chae-Min Han ◽  
Jong-Hee Shin ◽  
Jung-Bae Kwon ◽  
Jong-Soo Kim ◽  
Jong-Gun Won ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Starch Structure ◽  
Gelatinization Properties

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) severely reduces rice grain yield, significantly affects grain quality, and leads to substantial economic loss. In this study, we aimed to characterize the physicochemical properties and processing quality of the Garumi 2 flour rice variety under PHS conditions and compare them with those of the Seolgaeng, Hangaru, Shingil, and Ilpum rice varieties and the Keumkang wheat variety. Analysis of the molecular structure of starch revealed uniform starch granules, increased proportions of short-chain amylopectin in DP 6–12 (51.0–55.3%), and enhanced crystallinity (30.7–35.7%) in rice varieties for flour compared with the Ilpum cooking rice variety. PHS significantly altered the starch structure and gelatinization properties of Garumi 2. It also caused surface pitting and roughness in Garumi 2 starch granules and decreased their crystallinity. Collectively, the findings of this study provide important novel insights into the effects of PHS on the physicochemical properties of Garumi 2 floury rice for flour.

scholarly journals Substitution Mapping of Two Closely Linked QTLs Controlling Grain Chalkiness and Grain Shape on Rice Chromosome 8

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weifeng Yang ◽  
Liang Xiong ◽  
Jiayan Liang ◽  
Qingwen Hao ◽  
Xin Luan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Grain Shape ◽  
Rice Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome 8 ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Substitution Mapping ◽  
Grain Width ◽  
Grain Chalkiness

Abstract Background: Rice varieties are required to have high yield and good grain quality. Grain chalkiness and grain shape are two important traits of rice grain quality. Low chalkiness slender grains are preferred by most rice consumers. Here, we dissected two closely linked quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling grain chalkiness and grain shape on rice chromosome 8 by substitution mapping. Results: Two closely linked QTLs controlling grain chalkiness and grain shape were identified using single-segment substitution lines (SSSLs). The two QTLs were then dissected on rice chromosome 8 by secondary substitution mapping. qPGC8.1 was located in an interval of 1382.6 kb and qPGC8.2 was mapped in a 2057.1 kb region. The maximum distance of the two QTLs was 4.37 Mb and the space distance of two QTL intervals was 0.72 Mb. qPGC8.1 controlled grain chalkiness and grain width. qPGC8.2 was responsible for grain chalkiness and for grain length and grain width. The additive effects of qPGC8.1 and qPGC8.2 on grain chalkiness were not affected by heat stress. Conclusions: Two closely linked QTLs qPGC8.1 and qPGC8.2 were dissected on rice chromosome 8. They controlled the phenotypes of grain chalkiness and grain shape. The two QTLs were insensitive to high temperature.

Anisotropic Microstructure of Plasma-Sprayed Deposits

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. lavsky ◽  
G.G. Long ◽  
A.J. Allen ◽  
L. Leblanc ◽  
M. Prystay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle Neutron Scattering ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Impregnation Process ◽  
Direct Technique ◽  
Plasma Sprayed ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Parts

Abstract The microstructure of plasma-sprayed deposits (PSD) is dominated by two void systems - interlamellar pores and intralamellar cracks - each with a different anisotropy. Varying anisotropics and crack-to-pore ratios within PSDs are responsible for the anisotropic properties observed in the deposits. While it is difficult to apply standard porosity measurement techniques to the assessment of anisotropic microstructures, novel techniques utilizing different approaches have recently emerged. Image analysis (IA) of impregnated PSD samples is the most direct technique. The structure is stabilized by impregnation and then polished and imaged. The limitations of IA lie in the impregnation process and in the subsequent polishing. Also, the images produced from anisotropic materials can be difficult to interpret quantitatively. The technique of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) has recently been successfully applied to the study of PSDs. The major advantages of SANS are that it does not require sample preparation and that quantitative information can be gotten about the separate crack and pore systems, including their distinctive anisotropics. However, the relationship between the SANS results and the underlying structure is more complex and less intuitive than for IA, and the availability of the SANS technique is limited by the need to have access to a powerful neutron source, such as a reactor. Also, the two techniques present different views of the microstructure because of the different sensitivities in different parts of the size range. This paper compares results from IA and SANS from a set of thick plasma-sprayed ceramic deposits possessing a range of crack/pore microstructures, and discusses how the two techniques might complement one another.

Late Foragers and First Farmers (8000–3700 BC)

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Bradley ◽  
Colin Haselgrove ◽  
Marc Vander Linden ◽  
Leo Webley
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Monumental Architecture ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Subsistence Economy ◽  
North West ◽  
Wild Resources ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Parts

This chapter spans an important period division. It considers both the ‘Mesolithic’ hunter-gatherers of the study area, and the first ‘Neolithic’ farmers. The relationship between them is one of the most important issues to be investigated by prehistoric archaeology, but it is also one of the most contentious. The period between 8000 and 3700 BC saw the change from a reliance on wild resources to a new subsistence economy based on the ownership of domesticated plants and animals. It must have involved completely new forms of social organization. The transition between these phases occurred at different times in different parts of north-west Europe, but in all instances it is where two distinctive kinds of scholarship impinge on one another. To some extent the distinction between these kinds of research is determined by the kinds of evidence that are available. For the most part Mesolithic activity is characterized by hearths, scatters of stone tools, shell middens, and other food remains. In some regions there are graves, but traces of domestic buildings are comparatively rare. There is little sign of more monumental structures. The Neolithic period, on the other hand, is characterized by durable wooden houses, enclosures, mounds, and stone-built tombs, and by a much wider range of artefacts. This contrast has implications for the kinds of research that can be undertaken. With notable exceptions, students of the Mesolithic are most concerned with food production, settlement patterns, and lithic technology and place a particular emphasis on ecology and adaptation. Specialists on the Neolithic period do not neglect these fields, but they are also able to consider monumental architecture. Because they can draw on a wider range of data, their studies extend to ritual and social organization in a way that is more difficult to achieve in the archaeology of foragers. That contrast has become even wider with recent increases in the scale of fieldwork. Mesolithic sites contain comparatively few subsoil features and are difficult to detect by remote sensing or sample excavation.

scholarly journals Fusing Logical Relationship Information of Text in Neural Network for Text Classification

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heyong Wang ◽  
Dehang Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Text Classification ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Classification Algorithms ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Central Idea ◽  
Logical Relationship ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Better Than

With the development of computer science and information science, text classification technology has been greatly developed and its application scenarios have been widened. In traditional process of text classification, the existing method will lose much logical relationship information of text. The logical relationship information of a text refers to the relationship information among different logical parts of the text, such as title, abstract, and body. When human beings are reading, they will take title as an important part to remind the central idea of the article, abstract as a brief summary of the content of the article, and body as a detailed description of the article. In most of the text classification studies, researchers concern more about the relationship among words (word frequency, semantics, etc.) and neglect the logical relationship information of text. It will lose information about the relationship among different parts (title, body, etc.) and have an influence on the performance of text classification. Therefore, we propose a text classification algorithm—fusing the logical relationship information of text in neural network (FLRIOTINN), which complements the logical relationship information into text classification algorithms. Experiments show that the effect of FLRIOTINN is better than the conventional backpropagation neural networks which does not consider the logical relationship information of text.

scholarly journals The new towns in the Agro Pontino: a literature review and critical bibliography

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 08003
Author(s):  
Emanuela Margione
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Urban Centre ◽  
New Towns ◽  
Reclamation Project ◽  
The Relationship

This literature review intends to focus on how the settlements system of the Agro Pontino, newly designed in a geographic area contiguous to the capital city and directly connected to the integral reclamation project elaborated by the agricultural economist Arrigo Serpieri starting from 1923, is narrated. The reclamation of the Agro Pontino is one of the most important territorial transformations carried out by Fascism under direct public control. Also, this case study is particularly significant due to the relationship between the capital city, Rome, as large urban centre, the new medium size cities, villages and the morphological structure of agricultural holdings, into a historical context where the concept of agricultural property is defined. Today we have an enormous number of books, paper and documents written in different historical period that can help us to understand the evolution of the Italian new towns but at the same time the large number of these materials can also make it difficult for understanding the project and its meaning through time. The aim of this paper is, therefore, to explain how to prepare a critical bibliography able to show the evolution of the reclamation project and the construction of new towns and the changing of its meaning over time. Also, thanks to this bibliography it’s possible to extract the main issues related to the Italian case study: the relationship between the existing landscape and the network of roads; the relationship between the plans for villages, towns and the architectural features of the new settlements, and finally, the role of public buildings as a system of public facilities promoting new behaviour patterns, and their bold modernist architecture symbolized the conquest of the land.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document