scholarly journals Ecological trial of the rostov rice varieties in the Krasnodar territory

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
P. I. Kostylev ◽  
М. А. Ladatko ◽  
Е. V. Krasnova ◽  
I. A. Zeleneva ◽  
B. V. Foliyants ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Variety ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Federal Research ◽  
Main Indicator ◽  
Nutritional Qualities ◽  
Local Species ◽  
New Varieties

In modern rice growing, the development of new varieties and their rapid introduction into agricultural production is of great importance. Every year the Federal Research Center of Rice and the ARC “Donskoy” develop more productive rice varieties with improved tolerance to unfavorable biotic, abiotic stress factors, with various nutritional qualities of seeds. Any variety responds differently to a variety of agro-ecological conditions, forming different productivity, as the main indicator of cost and demand in production. The current paper has presented the results of ecological variety testing of four rice varieties conducted in 2020 on the fields of ‘Krasnoarmeisky’ and ‘Krasnaya’ located in the Krasnoarmeisky district of the Krasnodar Territory. Each variety was identified on variability of productivity and number of plants per unit area. The productivity of rice varieties varied significantly depending on the variant of the trial (2.93–8.79 t/ha). The variety ‘Kapitan’ significantly surpassed the standard variety ‘Rapan’, when sown after rice and alfalfa, but was at the same level in the agro-ameliorative field. The variety ‘Kapitan’ when sown after ‘AMP’ (high check) formed the maximum productivity of 8.79 t/ha in the background variant and 8.66 t/ha when topdressing with N30. It was due to the high resistance of the variety ‘Kapitan’ to local species of blast in difference from other varieties. Rice stand ranged from 70.5 to 519.0 pcs/m2. The variability between the varieties within the variant was medium (CV = 11.1–19.2%), and between the experimental variants it was high (CV = 59.0–71.3%). For cultivation in the Krasnodar Territory there has been recommended the rice variety ‘Kapitan’, developed by the ARC “Donskoy” together with FRC of rice, which has shown fairly high productivity with little variability.

scholarly journals Tailoring rice varieties to consumer preferences induced by cultural and colonial heritage: Lessons from New Rice for Africa (NERICA) in The Gambia

2021 ◽  
pp. 003072702110197
Author(s):  
Kofi Britwum ◽  
Matty Demont
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Auction Market ◽  
Asian Rice ◽  
Market Competitiveness ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Locally Grown

Rice breeding priorities in Africa often focus on agronomic gains. However, being a net importer of rice, the continent’s varietal replacement success also crucially hinges on new varieties’ market competitiveness vis-à-vis imports. Markets have been profoundly shaped by cultural and colonial heritage. Indigenous preferences for African rice can be traced back to ancient rice domestication and have been subsequently influenced by Asian rice import standards as a result of colonial import substitution policies. New Rice for Africa (NERICA) crosses between African and Asian rice species have the potential to reconcile these dual indigenous/import preferences, but little is known about their market competitiveness. We use auction market data to assess the intrinsic and extrinsic consumer value of NERICA in The Gambia relative to two market standards: branded, Asian rice imports and the most popular locally grown Asian rice variety. We categorize rice consumers into four market segments, based on their heritage as evidenced by their preferences and genealogical lineages. NERICA outperforms both Asian rice standards in terms of market competitiveness, and its value is further reinforced by colonial heritage and labeling, but somewhat weakened by cultural heritage. Consumers were found to pay price premiums for NERICA in the range of 5% to 22% relative to Asian rice imports, with the highest premiums offered by consumers with colonial heritage, representing 86% of the sample. Maintaining and expanding this market will require breeders to incorporate trait mixes that reconcile agronomic gains and consumer preferences induced by cultural and colonial heritage.

scholarly journals Крымский бисер – новый бессемянный сорт винограда селекции Института «Магарач»

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.V. Likhovskoi ◽  
V.A. Volynkin ◽  
I.A. Vasylyk ◽  
A.A. Polulyakh ◽  
S.V. Levchenko
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Training Technique ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Production Period

Селекционерами Института Магарач в результате целенаправленной селекции создан новый бессемянный сорт винограда столового направления использования, отличающийся от сорта-эталона Кишмиш лучистый очень ранним сроком созревания, высокой продуктивностью, относительно высокой устойчивостью к биотическим и абиотическим стресс-факторам биосферы, нарядной гроздью и ягодой, и высоким качеством столового винограда. Элитная форма, оформленная как новый сорт винограда, выделена из популяции сеянцев комбинации скрещивания Подарок Запорожью (колх.) х Русбол улучшенный (колх.) 2009 г. при комплексном изучении популяций столовых форм винограда очень раннего срока созревания. В статье представлены основные ампелографические и биолого-хозяйственные параметры, которыми характеризуется новый перспективный сорт: очень ранний срок созревания (5 августа), продукционный период 110 дней. В результате экспериментальных лабораторных исследований по определению морозоустойчивости сортов и элитных форм винограда установлена средняя морозоустойчивость сорта Крымский бисер (до минус 21 С). Рекомендуемая форма куста кордон на среднем штамбе. Нагрузка 6 глазков на рожке (4 рожка). Схема посадки 3 х 1,5 м. Профилактические обработки против грибных болезней 34 раза в сезон. Возделывание сорта Крымский бисер в производственных насаждениях Южного берега Крыма позволит получать чистую прибыль с 1 га насаждений 1896.0 тыс. руб. ежегодно.As a result of targeted selection, plant selection breeders of the Institute Magarach created a new seedless cultivar of table grapes distinguished from the standard cultivar Kishmish luchistyi by a very early ripening date, high productivity, relatively high resistance to biotic and abiotic stress-factors of the biosphere, elegant bunch and berry, and high quality of table grapes. The elite form formally established as a new grape cultivar has been singled out from the seedlings population Podarok Zhaporozhyu (colchicine treated) x Rusbol ulutshennyi (colchicine treated) as a result of a cross performed in 2009 under a complex study of a population of table grape forms of a very early ripening date. The article summarizes the main ampelographic, biological and commercial parameters characteristic of the new promising cultivar: very early ripening date (5th of August), production period 110 days. Laboratory research on frost-resistance of cultivars and elite grapevine forms established average frost resistance of Krymski biser cultivar (up to -21 degrees Celsius). The recommended bush training technique is a medium trunk cordon. The load of 6 eyes on cane (4 canes on bush). The planting scheme is 3x1.5 m. Prophylactic treatment against fungal diseases 34 times per year. Cultivation of Krymski biser cultivar in commercial vineyards of the southern coast of Crimea will allow obtaining a yearly net profit of 1896.0 thousand roubles from 1 ha of plantations.

Weather conditions monitoring and cherry (Cerasus vulgaris L.) elite forms productivity in the Ukraine’s Western Lisosteppe

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
D.G. Makarova ◽  
◽  
V.I. Vasylenko ◽  
N.V. Moiseichenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Mass Flowering ◽  
Early Exit ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
The Right ◽  
Considerable Loss

Cherry is rather sensitive to the temperature and water regime violation that reflects itself primarily on the fruits quantity and quality. The weather conditions in the Right Bank subzone of the Ukraine’s Western Lisosteppe are characterized with the general air temperature increase, less expressed frosty periods during hibernation, shortening of the winter and spring seasons, greater summer duration. The enumerated conditions result in the early exit of the plants from the dormancy state with the considerable loss of the abilities of the acclimation to potential frosts in the springtime period. Due to this the decision was taken to carry out the monitoring researches of the winter and spring periods of 2018-2020 in order to obtain the operative information about the cherry orchards state. This enables to predict the potential of the investigated plants business productivity in the real time. As a result of analyzing the abiotic stress-factors influence on the crop the following unfavourable factors were noted, above all: heavy winds at the beginning and during the mass flowering, violation of the water and temperature regime in the impregnation and infructescense periods. Those factors cause the harvest decrease. However, the formation of the plants high productivity depends in full on their adaptivity to the environmental conditions. Therefore among the 7 explored hybrids the generative buds of 1/20, 1/21 and 2/60 were affected essentially in the form of the little drying of the pistils stigmas, decrease of the pollen qualitative indices and fertility. That indicates the lower trees adaptivity to the abiotic stress-factors as compared to the control cultivar Podbielska. The forms 2/39 and 2/54 distinguish themselves for the high winter-hardiness. This is connected with the high environment adaptivity and characterizes them as early-ripening large-fruited and productive hybrids.

scholarly journals Study on the Chalkiness Character of Giant Embryo Rice and Observation on Its Microstructure in Grains

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Bo Peng ◽  
Kun He ◽  
Kun Xu ◽  
Dong-Ying Tang ◽  
Juan Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Nutritional Qualities ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Grain Chalkiness ◽  
Giant Embryo

Grain chalkiness greatly affects the grain appearance and milling, eating, cooking, and nutritional qualities, thus it is one of the most important traits of grain qualities. Based on the study of chalkiness characters in endosperm of different giant embryo rice, the relationship between the differences of chalkiness characters in endosperm of different giant embryo rice and the morphological structure, arrangement and development of starch granules in endosperm was clarified, which will lay a solid foundation for further revealing the formation mechanism of chalkiness characters in giant embryo rice and cultivating excellent new varieties of giant embryo rice. In this study, the chalkiness of endosperm (including chalkiness rate, chalkiness degree and chalkiness area) of 16 different rice varieties were investigated and analyzed. The results showed that the chalkiness of endosperm was closely related to the morphological structure and arrangement of starch granules in endosperm cells of different kinds of giant embryo rice, and there were significant differences between the chalkiness of different parts of the same giant embryo rice and the morphological structure and arrangement of starch granules in endosperm cells. Therefore, the results of this study will provide important information for the improvement of quality characters and the breeding of new rice varieties.

scholarly journals NH787 EMS mutant of rice variety Nagina22 exhibits higher phosphate use efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yugandhar Poli ◽  
Veronica Nallamothu ◽  
Ai Hao ◽  
Muddapuram Deeksha Goud ◽  
Xiaowen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Vegetative Biomass ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Phosphate Use Efficiency

AbstractRice (Oryza sativa L.), a major dietary source, is often cultivated in soils poor in available inorganic orthophosphate (Pi), which is a key nutrient for growth and development. Poor soils are amended by phosphorus (P) fertilizer, which is derived from the non-renewable rock phosphate reserves. Therefore, there is a need for developing rice varieties with high productivity under low P conditions. At the ICAR-IIRR, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenized rice genotype Nagina22 (N22) were screened for high grain yield in Pi-deprived soil, which led to the identification of ~ 10 gain-of-function mutants including NH787. Here, detailed comparative morphophysiological, biochemical, and molecular analyses of N22 and NH787 were carried out in hydroponics and potting soil under different Pi regimes. Under Pi-deprived condition, compared with N22, NH787 exhibited higher root and vegetative biomass, the number of tillers, and grain yield. The augmented agronomic traits of NH787 were corroborated with significantly higher photosynthetic rate, pollen fertility, stigma receptivity, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Further, several genes involved in the maintenance of Pi homeostasis (GPH) were differentially regulated. The study thus revealed a wide-spectrum influence of the mutation in NH787 that contributed towards its higher Pi use efficiency (PUE).

scholarly journals Selection of green super rice (GSR) with high yield, good qualities, and adaptation to climate condition in Phu Yen province (Part one)

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Tung T. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Rice Variety ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Climate Condition ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Basic Experiment ◽  
South Central ◽  
Spring Crop ◽  
Production Experiment ◽  
Selection Of

It's very important and urgent to select the green super rice (GSR) variety which can adapt to climate changes in Vietnam. Phu Yen rice is the main granary of the South-Central Coast, with the area of two-crop rice of nearly 52,000 ha. The production of high-productivity, good-quality and climate-smart rice to make the high-quality rice brand for Phu Yen is very urgent and important. The project "Selection of Green Super Rice (GSR) variety of high-productivity, good-quality and climate condition adaptation in Phu Yen Province" implemented by Phu Yen Center for Plant Breeding and Technology. The contents of the study included: basic experiment, production experiment, establishment of demonstration models of trial production of two new rice varieties, selection and experiment for development of rice cultivation techniques for Tuy Hoa delta area. This report presents part 1: Results of basic experiment of the green super rice (GSR) variety in Phu Yen province. The basic experimental materials included 12 selected rice varieties and 9 green super rice varieties GSR36, GSR38, GSR54, GSR63, GSR90, GSR84, GSR89, GSR90 and GSR131 and two promising rice varieties Nam Uu 1241, Nam Uu 1245 and ML 48, known as the most common control rice variety in the locality. The study focused on six formal experiments implemented over three crops (winter - spring crop 2015, summer - august crop 2015 and winter - spring crop 2015-2016) in the intensive cultivation area, Hoa An Agricultural Variety Farm and Hoa Dong Agricultural Variety Farm, Phu Yen Province. Experimental method was implemented in accordance with National Technical Regulation QCVN 01-55: 2011/BNNPTNT Experiment on value of cultivation and use value of rice varieties. The six basic experiments over three crops contributed to the selection of 4 GSR65, GSR90, GSR38, Nam Uu 1245 rice varieties with high-productivity, good-quality, good agrobiological features, short growth time (A1), low pest infestation for production experiment and construction of demonstration model in farming field in Phu Yen province.

scholarly journals Innovative trends in breeding disease resistant rice varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 02029
Author(s):  
Grigory Zelensky ◽  
Elena Dubina ◽  
Maxim Ladatko ◽  
Olga Zelenskaya
Keyword(s):  
Rice Variety ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Marker Selection ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Close Cooperation ◽  
World Agriculture ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Selection Of

Rice has become widespread in world agriculture due to its high adaptation to growing conditions and the selection of many different types of varieties. The creation of new varieties of rice in Russia has been carried out using the methods of complex multistage hybridization and marker selection with close cooperation of breeders and biotechnologists. The result of this work is a mid-season variety Utyos that combines high yields with resistance to blast, the main fungal disease of rice that affects leaves, stems and panicles of the plant. The late-ripening rice variety IR-36, which has complex resistance to fungal and bacterial diseases and viruses, was used as a donor. Variety Utyos was created by selecting an elite plant from the F2 BC4 Flagship / IR-36 population, with repeated selection and verification by offspring. Starting from the first backcrossing, marker control was carried out for the presence of transferred donor alleles in the hybrid offspring. In parallel, phytopathological control was carried out against an infectious background. In 2019, in environmental tests, Utyos formed the maximum grain yield of 11.95 t / ha with winter wheat as the predecessor. At the same time, the variety showed high resistance to blast.

scholarly journals New wine grape variety ‘Stella’ selected in the Institute Magarach

2020 ◽  
pp. 294-297
Author(s):  
Владимир Владимирович Лиховской ◽  
Владимир Александрович Волынкин ◽  
Наталия Леонидовна Студенникова ◽  
Светлана Валентиновна Левченко ◽  
Зинаида Викторовна Котоловець ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
White Wine ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Grape Variety ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors

Селекционерами Института «Магарач» создан новый белоягодный сорт винограда технического направления использования, отличающийся от сорта-эталона Цитронный Магарача средним сроком созревания, высокой продуктивностью, ярко выраженными мускатными тонами во вкусе, устойчивостью к биотическим и абиотическим стресс-факторам биосферы. Элитная форма, оформленная как новый сорт винограда, выделена из популяции сеянцев комбинации скрещивания Цитронный Магарача × Спартанец Магарача 1996 г. при комплексном изучении популяций технических форм винограда с мускатным ароматом во вкусе. В статье представлены основные ампелографические и биолого-хозяйственные параметры, которыми характеризуется новый перспективный сорт: средний срок созревания (3 сентября), продукционный период - 137 дней. Рекомендуемая форма куста - кордон на среднем штамбе. Нагрузка 6 глазков на рожке (4 рожка). Схема посадки - 3 х 1,5 м. Профилактические обработки против грибных болезней - 3-4 раза в сезон. Содержание сахаров при технологической зрелости ягод - 22,4 г/100см3, титруемых кислот - 8,7 г/дм3. Массовая концентрация терпеновых спиртов - 6,81 мг/дм3, при этом концентрация свободных терпенов, обуславливающих первичный аромат, составляет 2,03 мг/дм3, связанных терпенов - 4,78 мг/дм3. Массовая концентрация общих фенольных веществ - 167 мг/дм3. Урожай рекомендуется использовать для приготовления сухих и ликерных вин. Дегустационная оценка молодых виноматериалов: сухих - 7,75 балла, ликёрных - 7,82 (по 8-балльной шкале). Selection breeders of the Institute Magarach created a new white wine grape variety, different from the example variety ‘Tsitronnyi Magaracha’ in its medium ripening period, high productivity, strong muscat tones in flavor, resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors of biosphere. The quality form, isolated as a new grape variety, was separated from the population of seedlings of a crossing combination ‘Tsitronnyi Magaracha’ × ‘Spartanets Magaracha’ in 1996 at a comprehensive study of populations of wine forms of grapes with muscat aroma in flavor. The article presents main ampelographic, biological and economical parameters peculiar for new promising variety: medium ripening date (September, 3), production period - 137 days. The form of bush recommended is a cordon on a middle vine trunk. The load is 6 eyes on a cane (4 canes). Planting scheme is 3 x 1.5 m. Preventive treatment against fungal diseases is 3-4 times a season. The content of sugars in technologically mature berries is 22.4 g / 100 cm3, of titratable acids - 8.7 g / dm3. Mass concentration of terpene alcohols is 6.81 mg / dm3, while the concentration of free terpenes determining the initial aroma is 2.03 mg / dm3, of fixed terpenes - 4.78 mg / dm3. Mass concentration of common phenolic substances is 167 mg / dm3. The crop yield is recommended for dry and liqueur wine production. Tasting assessment of young base wines: dry - 7.75 points, liqueur - 7.82 points (according to the 8-point scale).

scholarly journals Gain-of-Function NH787 Ethylmethanesulfonate Mutant of Nagina22 Rice Variety Confers Augmented PUE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poli Yugandhar ◽  
Nallamothu Veronica ◽  
Hao Ai ◽  
Muddapuram Deeksha Goud ◽  
Xiaowen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Gain Of Function ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Vegetative Biomass ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract Rice (Oryza sativa L.), a major dietary source, is often cultivated in soils poor in available inorganic orthophosphate (Pi), which is a pivotal nutrient for growth and development. Poor soils are amended by phosphorus (P) fertilizer, which is derived from the non-renewable rock phosphate reserves. Therefore, there is a need for developing rice varieties with high productivity under low P conditions. At the ICAR-IIRR, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenized rice genotype Nagina22 (N22) were screened for high grain yield in Pi-deprived soil, which led to the identification of ~10 gain-of-function mutants including NH787. Here, detailed comparative morphophysiological, biochemical, and molecular analyses of N22 and NH787 were carried out in hydroponics and potting soil under different Pi regimes. Under Pi-deprived conditions, compared with N22, NH787 exhibited higher root and vegetative biomass, the number of tillers, and grain yield. The augmented agronomic traits of NH787 were corroborated with significantly higher photosynthetic rate, pollen fertility, stigma receptivity, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Further, several genes involved in the maintenance of Pi homeostasis (GPH) were differentially regulated. The study thus revealed a wide-spectrum influence of the mutation in NH787 that contributed towards its higher Pi use efficiency.

scholarly journals Screening of the rice gene pool for tolerance to environmental stressors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Yurchenko ◽  
◽  
T.L. Korotenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Rice Gene ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Flowering Phase ◽  
Federal Research ◽  
Drought Tolerant

The genetic diversity of the species O. sativa from the collection of the Federal Research Center for Rice was assessed for tolerance to stress factors: low positive temperatures during germination and drought during the flowering phase in Kuban. 120 varieties from Russia, Philippines, China, Vietnam, Thailand and India were studied. Fifteen cold-resistant rice varieties and 22 drought tolerant forms were identified

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