scholarly journals Mycorrhizal Inoculation Increases Growth and Induces Changes in Specific Polyphenol Levels in Olive Saplings

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nasir S. A. Malik ◽  
Alberto Nuñez ◽  
Lindsay C. McKeever
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Olive Leaf ◽  
Olive Cultivar ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Am Fungus ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis on the levels of polyphenols in olive saplings. Rooted stem cuttings of olive cultivar, ‘Arbequina’, were inoculated with AM fungus Rhizophagus intraradices. The inoculated plants showed more robust growth after six months, and after nine months the increase in the mycorrhizal plant’s height was 146%, and the increase in number of leaves was 117% when compared to uninoculated controls. Polyphenols in the methanol extracts of leaves were separated by HPLC and the peaks identified by using commercially available standard compounds and comparing retention time and the mass obtained with the mass spectrometer. Oleuropein, which is a major component of the olive leaf polyphenols, increased in mycorrhizal plants compared to uninoculated plants by 42%, and its derivatives, oleuroside and ligstroside, increased by 68% and 48%, respectively. The highest increase was found in the levels of luteolin-7’-O-glucoside (107% increase), while its sister compound luteolin-4’-O-glucoside increased by 43%. Only verbascoside levels were lower in mycorrhizal plants versus non-mycorrhizal plants declining to below detectable limits. Thus, inoculation of olive saplings with mycorrhizal fungi produces very positive effects on the levels of olive leaf polyphenols. Higher levels polyphenols mean better quality of leaf material for use as herbal medicine.

scholarly journals Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Tolerance to Sodium Chloride Levels, and on Growth and Yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris)

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rahman ◽  
MAH Bhuiyan ◽  
ME Ali ◽  
F Alam ◽  
RA Begum
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Stover Yield ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants

A pot experiment was carried out in the nethouse of Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur during 2014-2015 through 2015-2016. The design of the experiment was factorial randomized completely block design with 4 replications. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the potential of Arbuscular mycorrhization (AM) on the germination, yield and yield attributes of lentil treated with different concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl). Five NaCl treatments (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4%) possessed NaCl level as the first factor that were treated with soils before sowing of lentil seeds overriding or pivotal pulse crop in Bangladesh. The second factor consists of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal treatments. Mycorrhizal plants showed better performance in terms of germination %, yield and yield contributing characters than non-mycorrhizal plants. With increasing NaCl concentration germination %, yield and yield contributing characters in the rhizosphere soil, decreased significantly (p<0.01). Interaction effects of mycorrhizal inoculation and NaCl on germination %, growth and yield of lentil were appeared to be statistically non-significant. The highest germination (96.25% in 2014-2015 and 92.50% in 2015-2016), seed yield (6.45 g pot-1 in 2014-2015 and 5.89 g pot-1 in 2015-2016), and stover yield (9.55 g pot-1 in 2014-2015 and 8.58 g pot-1 in 2015-2016) was found in NaCl 0% + AM treatment. The lowest germination %, seed yield and stover yield was found in NaCl 4% treatment. Mycorrhizal inoculation increased seed yield on an average by 31.85% during 2014-2015 and 63.71% during 2015-2016, and increased stover yield on an average by 48.56% during 2014-2015 and 63.55% during 2015-2016 over non-mycorrhizal inoculation. Therefore, it can be concluded that mycorrhizal inoculation increases germination %, growth and yield of lentil over non-mycorrhizal inoculation. The Agriculturists 2017; 15(1) 156-169

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Regulate Flowering of Hyacinths orientalis L. Anna Marie

2018 ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-Miao Xie, Q.-Sheng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Zeatin Riboside ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Flower Stem ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) represent positive effects on growth performance, nutrient absorption and stressed tolerance of host plants, whereas it is not clear whether AMF can affect flowering traits of ornamental plants. In this work, Diversispora spurca, D. versiformis, and Funneliformis mosseae were applied to rhizosphere of potted hyacinth (Hyacinths orientalis L. Anna Marie) plants. After four months of mycorrhizal inoculation, root could be colonized by exogenous AMF species, varied from 38% to 49%, whilst F. mosseae had the best mycorrhizal status. Out of these AMF species used, only F. mosseae-inoculated plants recorded greater raceme length and biomass production of single flowerlet, raceme, and flower stem. F. mosseae also induced the flowering earlier in 2 days and prolonged flowering time for 3 days. D. versiformis postponed 2 days for flowering. Mycorrhizal plants recorded considerably higher acetic acid (IAA) and zeatin riboside (ZR) levels in flowers, irrespective of AMF species. F. mosseae-inoculated plants had significantly higher methyl jasmonate (MeJA) concentrations in flowers than other AMF- or non-AMF-treated plants. These results thereby conclude that F. mosseae can be used to regulate flowering of H. orientalis L. Anna Marie, including flowering earlier and prolonging flowering time, which is closely associated with IAA, ZR and MeJA levels in flowers.

scholarly journals Exogenous Carbon Magnifies Mycorrhizal Effects on Growth Behaviour and Sucrose Metabolism in Trifoliate Orange

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li TIAN ◽  
Yan LI ◽  
Qiang-Sheng WU
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizas ◽  
Sucrose Metabolism ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Trifoliate Orange ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants

Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AMs) need the carbohydrates from host plants for its growth, whereas it is not clear whether exogenous carbon affects mycorrhizal roles. A two-chambered rootbox was divided into root + hyphae chamber and hyphae chamber (free of roots) by 37-μm nylon mesh, in which trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings and Funneliformis mosseae were applied into root + hyphae chamber, and exogenous 40 mmol/L fructose, glucose and sucrose was applied to hyphae chamber. Application of exogenous sugars dramatically elevated root mycorrhizal colonization. Sole arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation significantly promoted plant growth and root morphology than non-AMF treatment. Mycorrhiza-improved plant growth and root modification could be enlarged by exogenous carbon, especially fructose. Exogenous carbon markedly increased root fructose, glucose and sucrose accumulation in mycorrhizal plants, especially sucrose. Exogenous fructose significantly reduced leaf and root sucrose synthase (SS) activity in synthesis direction and increased them in cleavage direction in AMF seedlings. Exogenous glucose and sucrose heavily elevated root SS activity of mycorrhizal seedlings in synthesis and cleavage direction and reduced leaf SS activity in synthesis direction. Leaf acid invertase (AI) and neutral invertase (NI) activities of mycorrhizal seedlings were decreased by exogenous carbon, except sucrose in NI. Exogenous fructose significantly increased root AI and NI activity in mycorrhizal plants. These results implied that mycorrhizal inoculation represented positive effects on plant growth, root morphology, and sucrose metabolism of trifoliate orange, which could be magnified further by exogenous carbon, especially fructose.

scholarly journals Aminoacids and Flavonoids Profiling in Tempranillo Berries Can Be Modulated by the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torres ◽  
Hilbert ◽  
Antolín ◽  
Goicoechea
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Berry Quality ◽  
Quality Aspects ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation

(1) Background: Vitis vinifera L. cv. Tempranillo is cultivated over the world for its wine of high quality. The association of Tempranillo with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) induced the accumulation of phenolics and carotenoids in leaves, affected the metabolism of abscisic acid (ABA) during berry ripening, and modulated some characteristics and quality aspects of grapes. The objective of this study was to elucidate if AMF influenced the profiles and the content of primary and secondary metabolites determinants for berry quality in Tempranillo. (2) Methods: Fruit-bearing cuttings inoculated with AMF or uninoculated were cultivated under controlled conditions. (3) Results: Mycorrhizal symbiosis modified the profile of metabolites in Tempranillo berries, especially those of the primary compounds. The levels of glucose and amino acids clearly increased in berries of mycorrhized Tempranillo grapevines, including those of the aromatic precursor amino acids. However, mycorrhizal inoculation barely influenced the total amount and the profiles of anthocyanins and flavonols in berries. (4) Conclusions: Mycorrhizal inoculation of Tempranillo grapevines may be an alternative to the exogenous application of nitrogen compounds in order to enhance the contents of amino acids in grapes, which may affect the aromatic characteristics of wines.

scholarly journals The effects of soil phosphorus and zinc availability on plant responses to mycorrhizal fungi: a physiological and molecular assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Diem Nguyen ◽  
Timothy R. Cavagnaro ◽  
Stephanie J. Watts-Williams
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonisation ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants ◽  
Soil Zn

Abstract The positive effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been demonstrated for plant biomass, and zinc (Zn) and phosphorus (P) uptake, under soil nutrient deficiency. Additionally, a number of Zn and P transporter genes are affected by mycorrhizal colonisation or implicated in the mycorrhizal pathway of uptake. However, a comprehensive study of plant physiology and gene expression simultaneously, remains to be undertaken. Medicago truncatula was grown at different soil P and Zn availabilities, with or without inoculation of Rhizophagus irregularis. Measures of biomass, shoot elemental concentrations, mycorrhizal colonisation, and expression of Zn transporter (ZIP) and phosphate transporter (PT) genes in the roots, were taken. Mycorrhizal plants had a greater tolerance of both P and Zn soil deficiency; there was also evidence of AMF protecting plants against excessive Zn accumulation at high soil Zn. The expression of all PT genes was interactive with both P availability and mycorrhizal colonisation. MtZIP5 expression was induced both by AMF and soil Zn deficiency, while MtZIP2 was down-regulated in mycorrhizal plants, and up-regulated with increasing soil Zn concentration. These findings provide the first comprehensive physiological and molecular picture of plant-mycorrhizal fungal symbiosis with regard to soil P and Zn availability. Mycorrhizal fungi conferred tolerance to soil Zn and P deficiency and this could be linked to the induction of the ZIP transporter gene MtZIP5, and the PT gene MtPT4.

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal symbiosis primes the accumulation of antiherbivore compounds and enhances herbivore mortality in tomato

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Rivero ◽  
Javier Lidoy ◽  
Ángel Llopis-Giménez ◽  
Salvador Herrero ◽  
Víctor Flors ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Fatty Acid Derivatives ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Polyamine Conjugates

Abstract Plant association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can increase their ability to overcome multiple stresses, but their impact on plant interactions with herbivorous insects is controversial. Here we show higher mortality of the leaf-chewer Spodoptera exigua when fed on tomato plants colonized by the AMF Funneliformis mosseae, evidencing Mycorrhiza-Induced Resistance (MIR). In search of the underlying mechanisms, an untargeted metabolomic analysis through UPLC-MS was performed. The results showed that the mycorrhizal symbiosis had a very limited impact on the leaf metabolome in the absence of stress, but significantly modulated the response to herbivory in the damaged area. A cluster of overaccumulated metabolites was identified in those leaflets damaged by S. exigua feeding in mycorrhizal plants, while unwounded distal leaflets responded similarly to those from non-mycorrhizal plants. These primed-compounds were mostly related to alkaloids, fatty acid derivatives and phenylpropanoid-polyamine conjugates. The deleterious effect on larval survival of some of these compounds, including the alkaloid physostigmine, the fatty acid derivatives 4-oxododecanedioic acid and azelaic acid, was confirmed. Thus, our results evidence the AM impact on metabolic reprograming upon herbivory that leads to a primed accumulation of defensive compounds.

scholarly journals Breeding against mycorrhizal symbiosis: modern cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties perform more poorly than older varieties except at very high phosphorus supply

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinxin Wang ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Jiandong Sheng ◽  
Gu Feng ◽  
Thomas W. Kuyper
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Lower Productivity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants ◽  
P Supply

Abstract Background and aims Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is an important cash fiber crop species, but its root traits related to phosphorus (P) acquisition have been poorly understood. Methods Eight cotton varieties that were released between 1950 and 2013 were grown in pots with or without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) at three P supply levels. Eleven root traits were measured and calculated after seven weeks of growth. Results At the lower two P levels mycorrhizal plants acquired more P and produced more biomass than non-mycorrhizal plants. At the highest P level mycorrhizal plants took up more P than non-mycorrhizal plants, but there was no difference in biomass. At the intermediate P level, root diameter was significantly positively correlated with biomass, P concentration and P content of mycorrhizal plants. More recent accessions had smaller root diameters, acquired less P and obtained less biomass, indicating (inadvertent) varietal selection for thinner roots that provided less cortical space for AMF, which increased the need for high P fertilizer. Conclusion Our study provides support for the importance of the outsourcing model of nutrient acquisition in the root economics space framework. Inadvertent varietal selection in the last decades, resulting in thinner roots and a lower benefit from mycorrhizal colonization, has caused a lower productivity of cotton varieties at moderate P supply, indicating the need to rethink cotton breeding efforts in order to achieve agricultural sustainability.

scholarly journals Effects of mycorrhiza on growth and essential oil production in selected aromatic plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waed Tarraf ◽  
Claudia Ruta ◽  
Francesca De Cillis ◽  
Anna Tagarelli ◽  
Luigi Tedone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil ◽  
Am Fungus ◽  
Am Symbiosis ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is widely investigated in aromatic herbs. Several studies have shown different effects on secondary metabolites, biomass production, as well as oil quantitative and qualitative aspects. The seeking to increase the yield of plants and their oils is an interesting topic in the world of medicinal and aromatic plant production. In tune with that, this study evaluated the effectiveness of two mycorrhiza fungi, <em>Funneliformis</em> <em>mosseae</em> (syn. <em>Glomus</em> <em>mosseae</em>) and <em>Septoglomus</em> <em>viscosum</em> (syn. <em>Glomus viscosum</em>), on three species from Lamiaceae family: <em>Salvia officinalis</em> L., <em>Origanum</em> <em>vulgare</em> L., and <em>Thymus</em> <em>vulgaris</em> L. besides untreated control. It was found that the effect of symbiosis on growth was more favourable with <em>S. viscosum</em> than other AM fungus. The S. viscosum inoculation raised the yield of essential oil in oregano. Analysis of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry showed that manool obtained the highest abundance in leaf essential oil of inoculated sage; thymol was the major component whatever the treatment in thyme and lower relative content of carvacrol was reported with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation in oregano. The results suggest the mycorrhizal inoculation as a promising technology in sustainable agricultural system to improve the plant productivity performance. Specific inocula are strategic to enhance the chemical profile of essential oils.

scholarly journals Genetic variability assessment of 127 Triticum turgidum L. accessions for mycorrhizal susceptibility-related traits detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Ganugi ◽  
Alberto Masoni ◽  
Cristiana Sbrana ◽  
Matteo Dell’Acqua ◽  
Giacomo Pietramellara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
A Genome

AbstractPositive effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)—wheat plant symbiosis have been well discussed by research, while the actual role of the single wheat genotype in establishing this type of association is still poorly investigated. In this work, the genetic diversity of Triticum turgidum wheats was exploited to detect roots susceptibility to AMF and to identify genetic markers in linkage with chromosome regions involved in this symbiosis. A tetraploid wheat collection of 127 accessions was genotyped using 35K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array and inoculated with the AMF species Funneliformis mosseae (F. mosseae) and Rhizoglomus irregulare (R. irregulare), and a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) was conducted. Six clusters of genetically related accessions were identified, showing a different mycorrhizal colonization among them. GWAS revealed four significant quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) involved in mycorrhizal symbiosis, located on chromosomes 1A, 2A, 2B and 6A. The results of this work enrich future breeding activities aimed at developing new grains on the basis of genetic diversity on low or high susceptibility to mycorrhization, and, possibly, maximizing the symbiotic effects.

scholarly journals Apple Rootstock Response to Vesicular-arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in a High Phosphorus Soil

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 578-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Morin ◽  
J.A. Fortin ◽  
C. Hamel ◽  
R. L. Granger ◽  
D. L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Apple Rootstock ◽  
Glomus Versiforme ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants

A 12-week greenhouse experiment was undertaken to test the efficiency of inoculation of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on four apple (Malus domestica Borkh) rootstock cultivars: M.26, Ottawa 3 (Ott.3), P.16, and P.22. The plants were grown in soil from an apple rootstock nursery, containing high levels of extractable P (644 kg Bray/1 ha-1). Inoculation treatments were Glomus aggregatum Shenck and Smith emend. Koske, G. intraradix Shenck and Smith, and two isolates of G. versiforme (Karsten) Berch, one originally from California (CAL) and the other one from Oregon (OR). Mycorrhizal plants were taller, produced more biomass, and had a higher leaf P concentration than the uninoculated control plants. Mycorrhizal inoculation also significantly increased the leaf surface area of `M.26' and `Ott.3' compared to the control. Glomus versiforme(CAL)-inoculated plants generally had the best nutrient balance, the greatest final height and shoot biomass, and produced an extensive hyphal network. All the mycorrhizal plants had similar percentages of root colonization, but the size of the external hyphal network varied with fungal species. Glomus versiforme(OR) had a larger extramatrical phase than G. aggregatum and G. intraradix. Mycorrhizal efficiency was associated with a larger external hyphal network, but showed no relation with internal colonization. Despite the high P fertility of the soil used, growth enhancement due to mycorrhizal inoculation was attributed to improved P nutrition.

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