Hosts of Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) Native to the Brazilian Amazon

The expansion of red palm mite (RPM), Raoiella indica (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) in Brazil could impact negatively the native plant species, especially of the family Arecaceae. To determine which species could be at risk, we investigated the development and reproductive potential of R. indica on 19 plant species including 13 native species to the Brazilian Amazon (12 Arecaceae and one Heliconiaceae), and six exotic species, four Arecaceae, a Musaceae and a Zingiberaceae. Values of the instantaneous rate of increase (ri) were initially estimated at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after infestation of each species. Higher values of ri (> 0.05) were determined on the Arecaceae Adonidia merrillii, Astrocaryum jauari, Cocos nucifera, Bactris simplicifrons, Mauritia flexuosa, Phoenix dactylifera and Socratea exorrhiza, and on the Heliconiaceae Heliconia psittacorum Sassy; these were classified as “potential primary hosts”. Lower, but still positive values of ri (0-0.05) were determined on the Arecaceae Bactris maraja, Oenocarpus bacaba, Oenocarpus bataua and on the Musaceae Musa × paradisiaca (Prata variety); these were classified as “potential secondary hosts”. Negative values of ri were determined for the remaining plants, i.e., the Arecaceae Astrocaryum aculeatum, Attalea maripa, Bactris gasipaes, Elaeis guineensis, Euterpe oleracea, Euterpe precatoria, and the Zingiberaceae Alpinia rosea; these were considered “non-hosts”. Species with ri < 0.05 were considered not to be threatened by the RPM. Biological parameters of RPM were evaluated on the plant species with positive ri (except B. maraja) and two native species with negative ri (E. oleracea and E. precatoria). Mean developmental time ranged from 14.7 days on C. nucifera to 21.4 days on Musa × paradisiaca, showing a significant influence of the plant substrate. Immature viability, oviposition rate, net reproductive rate (R0) and intrinsic rate of increase (rm) were affected by the plant species.

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Impact of citrus species on the biological characteristics and life table parameters of Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein) (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Systematic and Applied Acarology ◽

10.11158/saa.27.1.11 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Kemal Yalçin ◽

İsmail Döker ◽

Cengiz Kazak

Keyword(s):

Host Plant ◽

Life Table ◽

Plant Species ◽

Biological Characteristics ◽

Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽

Citrus Species ◽

Life Table Parameters ◽

Net Reproductive Rate ◽

Host Plant Species ◽

Rate Of Increase

Biological characteristics and life table parameters of Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein) were revealed on four different citrus species: grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf. cv. Star Ruby), lemon (C. limon (L.) Burm. f. cv. Meyer), mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco cv. Okitsu) and orange (C. sinensis L. cv. Washington Navel) under laboratory conditions. Results show that oviposition period, fecundity, and life table parameters varied significantly depending on the host plant species. Furthermore, host plant species had little effect on immature development, except for the teleiochrysalis and total developmental period, which was significantly shorter on lemon (13.77 days for females, 12.67 days for males). Total mean numbers of eggs laid by E. orientalis was 15.92 on mandarin and 29.78 on lemon. In addition, intrinsic rate of increase (rm), net reproductive rate (R0), finite rate of increase (λ) and doubling time (DT) are 0.12 day–1, 10.41 ♀/♀, 1.13 day–1 and 5.59 days for lemon, 0.17 day–1, 22.36 ♀/♀, 1.19 day–1 and 4.04 days for grapefruit, respectively. However, shortest and longest mean generation times (To) were obtained at 18.26 days on orange and 19.37 days on grapefruit. Our results demonstrate that intergeneric differences of Citrus should be considered when determining E. orientalis population abundance and dynamics in field conditions.

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Can the prey species Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) support the development and reproduction of Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes (Acari: Phytoseiidae)?

Systematic and Applied Acarology ◽

10.11158/saa.25.8.10 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (8) ◽

pp. 1485-1494

Author(s):

Rosenya Michely Cintra Filgueiras ◽

Bruna Weida Rabelo Da Silva ◽

Eduardo Pereira De Sousa Neto ◽

Jairo De Almeida Mendes ◽

José Wagner Da Silva Melo

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Prey Species ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Population Doubling ◽

Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽

Pest Species ◽

Net Reproductive Rate ◽

Neoseiulus Barkeri ◽

Rate Of Increase ◽

Raoiella Indica

The potential of Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes (Acari: Phytoseiidae) as a biological control agent has been widely studied and demonstrated against several pest species, mainly against pest mites. However, its potential has not been assessed with tenuipalpid mites, which emerged as a threat to agriculture, especially in coconut and banana crops. The potential of natural enemies can be predicted through life history tests; thus, we conducted experiments to determine the life history parameters of N. barkeri that fed on tenuipalpid mite Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) individuals of different developmental stages. Neoseiulus barkeri successfully completed its development by feeding on R. indica of all developmental stages; there were no differences in survivorship during the entire immature period (always above 95%) irrespective of the developmental stages of the R. indica used. The average oviposition period was 27 days with an average fecundity of 56.2 eggs/female. Positive ri values obtained for all prey developmental stages indicated that R. indica of all developmental stages is suitable to support the population growth of N. barkeri. Additionally, the life table parameters of N. barkeri recorded in this study [net reproductive rate (R0= 37.9 female/female), intrinsic rate of increase (rm = 0.22 female/female/day), finite rate of increase (λ = 1.24 female/female/day), mean generation time (T = 16.67 days), and population doubling time (DT = 3.18 days)] show that N. barkeri performed excellently when feeding on R. indica eggs. Our results show that the prey species R. indica is a suitable food source for the predatory species N. barkeri.

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BIOLOGI DAN NERACA HAYATI KUTU PUTIH PEPAYA PARACOCCUS MARGINATUS WILLIAMS & GRANARA DE WILLINK (HEMIPTERA: PSEUDOCOCCIDAE) PADA TIGA JENIS TUMBUHAN INANG

JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA ◽

10.23960/j.hptt.1161-9 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Yani Maharani ◽

Aunu Rauf ◽

Dewi Sartiami ◽

Ruly Anwar

Keyword(s):

Host Plant ◽

Life Table ◽

Plant Species ◽

Egg Production ◽

Invasive Pest ◽

Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽

Physic Nut ◽

Net Reproductive Rate ◽

Host Plant Species ◽

Rate Of Increase

Biology and life table of papaya mealybug Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on three host plant species. The papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), has been considered as a new invasive pest causing heavy damage on papaya in Indonesia since 2008. The pest is polyphagous with more than 55 host plant species. Study was conducted in laboratory with the objectives to determine developmental biology and life table parameters of the mealybug feeding on papaya, physic nut, and cassava leaves. Host plant species affected papaya mealybug performances. Egg stage lasted 7.25, 8.09, and 9.86 d on papaya, physic nut, and cassava, respectively. The shortest female nymphal developmental time was on papaya (18.91 d) and the longest on cassava (32.45 d). Longevity of adult males ranged from 1.09-2.85 d while females 12.29-14.93 d. When the mealybugs were reared on a seedling, the fecundity was higher on papaya (324.6) than those on physic nut (186.6) and cassava (157.5). No egg production occurred in virgin females. The sex ratio of P. marginatus favoured females, which comprised about 90% of population on papaya and cassava. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was significantly different among hosts, with the highest rate (0.117 female offspring/female/d) on papaya, followed by physic nut (0.079) and cassava (0.057). The maximum values of rm along with net reproductive rate (Ro) and finite rate of increase(λ), and the shortest mean generation time (T) and doubling time (Dt) on papaya, indicating that papaya was the more favorable host plant for P. marginatus.

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Host-Plant Variations Affect the Biotic Potential, Survival, and Population Projection of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12050375 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 375

Author(s):

Muhammad Yasir Ali ◽

Tayyaba Naseem ◽

Muhammad Arshad ◽

Ijaz Ashraf ◽

Muhammad Rizwan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myzus Persicae ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Population Projection ◽

Chili Pepper ◽

Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽

Economic Damage ◽

Pepper Plant ◽

Net Reproductive Rate ◽

Rate Of Increase ◽

Wide Range

The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a polyphagous insect pest is a major threat to a wide range of crops worldwide. Aiming to evaluate the life history traits of M. persicae, feeding on different host plants, we used five vegetables: cabbage, Brassica oleracea (Brassicaceae); chinese cabbage, B. rapa (Brassicaceae); chili pepper, Capsicum annum (Solanaceae); crown daisy, Chrysanthemum coronarium (Asteraceae); and eggplant, Solanum melongena (Solanaceae). TWOSEX-MSchart software was used for the statistical analysis about the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. The highest fecundity (69.65 individuals) rate of M. persicae, intrinsic rate of increase (r = 0.425 d−1), finite rate of increase (λ = 1.531 d−1), net reproductive rate (R0 = 69.65 offspring), and shortest mean generation time (T = 9.964 d) were recorded on the chili pepper plant. Whereas, lower fitness occurred on cabbage. The findings attained from population growth parameters indicate that chili pepper is the most susceptible plant, while cabbage is resistant to aphids. Population projection results also supported this statement, as the final total population size on cabbage was significantly lower than other plants. The reported information would be useful for devising integrated pest management programs, particularly those involving M. persicae. This information also suggests the adaptability of M. persicae causing economic damage to these vegetable cultivars.

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Comparative performance and digestive physiology of Diaphania indica (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on Trichosanthes anguina (Cucurbitaceae) cultivars

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485320000255 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 110 (6) ◽

pp. 756-766 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rahul Debnath ◽

Syed Husne Mobarak ◽

Paroma Mitra ◽

Anandamay Barik

Keyword(s):

Development Time ◽

Adult Emergence ◽

Reproductive Rate ◽

Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽

Food Utilization ◽

Comparative Performance ◽

Net Reproductive Rate ◽

Diaphania Indica ◽

Rate Of Increase ◽

Proteolytic Activities

AbstractDiaphania indica (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is an important phytophagous pest of Trichosanthes anguina L. in India. We studied life table parameters by age-stage, two-sex, amylolytic and proteolytic activities, and food utilization parameters of D. indica on the leaves of three T. anguina cultivars (Baruipur Long, Polo No. 1 and MNSR-1). Further, nutrients (total carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, amino acids and nitrogen) and antinutrients (total phenols, flavonols and tannins) in leaves were determined. The development time (egg to adult emergence) was the shortest on MNSR-1 (19.79 d) and the longest on Polo No. 1 (25.72 d). Fecundity was the highest and lowest on MNSR-1 (259 eggs) and Polo No. 1 (151.22 eggs), respectively. The lowest intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and net reproductive rate (R0) of D. indica on Polo No. 1 were 0.1112 d−1 and 27.22 offspring individual−1, respectively. The mean generation time (T) was the shortest on MNSR-1 (23.99 days) and the longest on Polo No. 1 (29.70 d). The larvae of D. indica fed with MNSR-1 had the highest level of amylolytic and proteolytic activities, and the lowest activities were in the larvae fed with Polo No. 1. The fifth-instar larvae fed with Polo No. 1 had the lowest consumption index and growth rate. The higher larval development time and lower fecundity of D. indica on Polo No. 1 were due to the lower level of nutrients and a higher level of antinutrients than other cultivars. Our results concluded that Polo No. 1 cultivar could be suggested for cultivation.

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Emerging fungal pathogen of an invasive grass: Implications for competition with native plant species

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0237894 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. e0237894

Author(s):

Amy E. Kendig ◽

Vida J. Svahnström ◽

Ashish Adhikari ◽

Philip F. Harmon ◽

S. Luke Flory

Keyword(s):

Invasive Species ◽

Plant Species ◽

Fungal Pathogen ◽

Native Species ◽

Grass Species ◽

Leaf Spot Disease ◽

Native Plant ◽

Invasive Grass ◽

Native Plant Species ◽

Species Specific

Infectious diseases and invasive species can be strong drivers of biological systems that may interact to shift plant community composition. For example, disease can modify resource competition between invasive and native species. Invasive species tend to interact with a diversity of native species, and it is unclear how native species differ in response to disease-mediated competition with invasive species. Here, we quantified the biomass responses of three native North American grass species (Dichanthelium clandestinum, Elymus virginicus, and Eragrostis spectabilis) to disease-mediated competition with the non-native invasive grass Microstegium vimineum. The foliar fungal pathogen Bipolaris gigantea has recently emerged in Microstegium populations, causing a leaf spot disease that reduces Microstegium biomass and seed production. In a greenhouse experiment, we examined the effects of B. gigantea inoculation on two components of competitive ability for each native species: growth in the absence of competition and biomass responses to increasing densities of Microstegium. Bipolaris gigantea inoculation affected each of the three native species in unique ways, by increasing (Dichanthelium), decreasing (Elymus), or not changing (Eragrostis) their growth in the absence of competition relative to mock inoculation. Bipolaris gigantea inoculation did not, however, affect Microstegium biomass or mediate the effect of Microstegium density on native plant biomass. Thus, B. gigantea had species-specific effects on native plant competition with Microstegium through species-specific biomass responses to B. gigantea inoculation, but not through modified responses to Microstegium density. Our results suggest that disease may uniquely modify competitive interactions between invasive and native plants for different native plant species.

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Effects of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam on the development and reproduction of the soybean aphid Aphis glycines

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0250311 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (9) ◽

pp. e0250311

Author(s):

Aonan Zhang ◽

Lin Zhu ◽

Zhenghao Shi ◽

Tianying Liu ◽

Lanlan Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Reproductive Rate ◽

Soybean Aphid ◽

Aphis Glycines ◽

Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽

Control Group ◽

Net Reproductive Rate ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Rate Of Increase ◽

The Mean

The soybean aphid Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a primary pest of soybeans and poses a serious threat to soybean production. Our studies were conducted to understand the effects of different concentrations of insecticides (imidacloprid and thiamethoxam) on A. glycines and provided critical information for its effective management. Here, we found that the mean generation time and adult and total pre-nymphiposition periods of the LC50 imidacloprid- and thiamethoxam-treatment groups were significantly longer than those of the control group, although the adult pre-nymphiposition period in LC30 imidacloprid and thiamethoxam treatment groups was significantly shorter than that of the control group. Additionally, the mean fecundity per female adult, net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase, and finite rate of increase of the LC30 imidacloprid-treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group and higher than those of the LC50 imidacloprid-treatment group (P < 0.05). Moreover, both insecticides exerted stress effects on A. glycines, and specimens treated with the two insecticides at the LC50 showed a significant decrease in their growth rates relative to those treated with the insecticides at LC30. These results provide a reference for exploring the effects of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam on A. glycines population dynamics in the field and offer insight to agricultural producers on the potential of low-lethal concentrations of insecticides to stimulate insect reproduction during insecticide application.

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Biology and life-table of Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) athenas (Acari: Phytoseiidae) fed with the Old World Date Mite, Oligonychus afrasiaticus (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Acarologia ◽

10.24349/acarologia/20184229 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 52-61

Author(s):

Samah Ben Chaaban ◽

Brahim Chermiti ◽

Serge Kreiter

Keyword(s):

Life Table ◽

Intrinsic Rate ◽

Phoenix Dactylifera ◽

Reproductive Rate ◽

Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽

Net Reproductive Rate ◽

Old World ◽

Rate Of Increase ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Mean

The old world date mite Oligonychus afrasiaticus is an important spider mite pest of the date palms Phoenix dactylifera L. mostly in North Africa and the Middle East. A population of the predaceous mite Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) athenas has been recently found in Tunisia in association with a decrease of O. afrasiaticus densities. The objective of this paper was to assess the development and reproduction abilities of T. ( A.) athenas on O. afrasiaticus under laboratory conditions at two temperatures: 27 and 32 °C. The results obtained show that females of T. (A.) athenas develop in 5 days at 27 °C and 4.1 days at 32 °C. The mean fecundity of T. (A.) athenas was 32.1 and 23.2 eggs per female at 27 and 32 °C, respectively. Life table parameters were stimated: the net reproductive rate (Ro) 27.9 and 17.9 eggs/female, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) 0.322 and 0,344 female/female/day and the mean generation time (T) 10.3 and 8.4 days at 27 and 32 °C, respectively. At both temperatures tested, T. (A.) athenas intrinsic rate of increase was greater than that of O. afrasiaticus (rm = 0.213 at 32 °C,against rm = 0.166 day1 at 27 °C). Typhlodromus (A.) athenas would be able to develop at a wide range of temperatures feeding on O. afrasiaticus and seems to be able to potentially control it.

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Urban conservation gardening in the decade of restoration

10.32942/osf.io/p2syu ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ingmar Staude ◽

Josiane Segar ◽

Corey Thomas Callaghan ◽

Emma Ladouceur ◽

Jasper Meya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Native Species ◽

Species Conservation ◽

Plant Conservation ◽

Native Plant ◽

Nature Protection ◽

Urban Conservation ◽

Native Plant Species ◽

Native Seed ◽

Conservation Gardening

Global commitments to species conservation have failed to halt systematic widespread declines in plant species. Current policy interventions, such as protected areas and legal species legislation, remain insufficient, and there is an urgent need to engage novel approaches and actors in conservation. Here, we propose that urban conservation gardening, namely the cultivation of declining native plant species in public and private green spaces, can be one such approach. Conservation gardening can address key (a)biotic drivers of species decline, act as a critical dispersal pathway and increase the occupancy of declining native species. We identify policy mechanisms to upscale conservation gardening to a mainstream activity by reforming the existing horticultural market into an innovative nature protection instrument. This involves incentivizing the integration of the native seed sector, leveraging existing certification and labelling schemes, promoting consumer access, as well as building citizen-science projects to foster public engagement. Mainstreamed conservation gardening can be an economically viable, sustainable, and participatory measure that complements traditional approaches to plant conservation.

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Competition between native and non-native plants.

Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions ◽

10.1079/9781789242171.0016 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 291-307

Author(s):

Elizabeth M. Wandrag ◽

◽

Jane A. Catford ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Plant Communities ◽

Native Species ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Invasion Biology ◽

Competitive Interactions ◽

Native Plant ◽

Native Plant Species ◽

New Locations ◽

Strength Of Competition

The introduction of species to new locations leads to novel competitive interactions between resident native and newly-arriving non-native species. The nature of these competitive interactions can influence the suitability of the environment for the survival, reproduction and spread of non-native plant species, and the impact those species have on native plant communities. Indeed, the large literature on competition among plants reflects its importance in shaping the composition of plant communities, including the invasion success of non-native species. While competition and invasion theory have historically developed in parallel, the increasing recognition of the synergism between the two themes has led to new insights into how non-native plant species invade native plant communities, and the impacts they have on those plant communities. This chapter provides an entry point into the aspects of competition theory that can help explain the success, dominance and impacts of invasive species. It focuses on resource competition, which arises wherever the resources necessary for establishment, survival, reproduction and spread are in limited supply. It highlights key hypotheses developed in invasion biology that relate to ideas of competition, outlines biotic and abiotic factors that influence the strength of competition and species' relative competitive abilities, and describes when and how competition between non-native and native plant species can influence invasion outcomes. Understanding the processes that influence the strength of competition between non-native and native plant species is a necessary step towards understanding the causes and consequences of biological invasions.

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