Determinants of Inlet Choices of Sheep and Goats Traders in Ghana: A Case Study of Kumasi and Tamale

The consumption of Small ruminants’ meat (sheep and goat) form an integral component of an average Ghanaian’s diet due to the country’s emergence to a middle income earning status and awareness of the outstanding benefits of a nutritious diet. However, periodic shocks in market availability of products severely impacts access and in most cases cause price hike hence affecting dietary patterns especially of urban dwellers that are mostly habitual in recurrent consumption of these products. Against such insight, this study investigates the factors that influence the inlet choice of sheep and goats traders in two urban towns of Ghana (Kumasi and Tamale) using Multinomial logit model. The selection of Kumasi and Tamale markets were based on the progressive marketing and consumption of sheep (S) and goats (G). A multi stage sampling technique was used in this study. A reconnaissance survey was carried out in Kumasi and Tamale metropolis in order to identify the existing markets and to generate the sample frame. Ten markets were purposively selected based on the proximity of the markets to the urban centres. A total of 284 traders were randomly sampled from the sampling frame. A structured questionnaire was used to collect relevant data, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results of the study showed that majority of the traders were male with most (43%) falling within the age range of 31 to 40 years. International market (Burkina Faso) was identified as the major source of sheep and goats with 37% of total respondents sourcing from there. The major factors found to be influencing the inlet choice of sheep and goats by sampled traders in the study areas were prices, licenses, quantity of animals handled, transportation cost, education, experience and age of the traders. Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations were suggested to improve the SG trade in urban centres of Ghana: Credit provision to traders who desire it to establish and expand their investment; reduction of license cost; and general reduction of fuel price so as to ease economic mobility of products.

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Students' Preferences for Medical Schools: A Conjoint Analysis

10.35542/osf.io/utj4x ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mark Alipio

Keyword(s):

Conjoint Analysis ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Health Sciences ◽

The Philippines ◽

Health Science ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Face To Face ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Major Factors

With the surge of higher education institutions (HEIs) offering the health sciences and medical courses and significant changes in the Philippine education sector, an effective marketing strategy is highly needed. Therefore, HEIs have to compete even more in a very competitive market. The present study aimed to determine the major factors that influence preferences of students who just graduated from senior high school, the relative importance they attach to these factors, and whether there were groups of students for whom different factors were more important. A total of 24,263 prospective students in the health sciences and medical courses from the 125 senior high schools in the Philippines were sampled as respondents. Multi-stage cluster sampling technique was used to recruit the sample. A face to face interview with a set of stimulus cards or through a self-completion questionnaire was used to collect the data and Adaptive Conjoint Analysis (ACA) was performed to analyze students’ preferences. Results showed that the four most important determinants of health science and medical HEI choice for students in the Philippines are academic reputation, quality of facilities, job prospects, and campus atmosphere. A cluster analysis failed to uncover any useful clusters, suggesting that the sample was relatively homogeneous in their preferences and the trade-offs that they made in developing those preferences.

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Sexual Orientation Among Unmarried Final Year University Students in Osun State: Distribution, Determinants and Level of Satisfaction

International Quarterly of Community Health Education ◽

10.1177/0272684x211006601 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0272684X2110066

Author(s):

Akinlolu G. Omisore ◽

Ifeoluwa A. Oyerinde ◽

Omoniyi M. Abiodun ◽

Zainab A. Aderemi ◽

Titilayo B. Adewusi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sexual Orientation ◽

University Students ◽

Sexual Attraction ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Level Of Satisfaction ◽

Major Factors

Background Sexual Orientation is an enduring pattern of romantic or sexual attraction, with the attractions broadly incorporated under heterosexuality and non-heterosexuality. Societal and other factors seem to affect individuals’ perception of their self-identified orientation. Thus, this study sets out to document the distribution of sexual orientation, level of self-reported satisfaction, and factors associated with sexual orientation among unmarried university students. Methods A cross-sectional study involving 550 respondents sampled using a multi-stage sampling technique. Data collected via a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed via IBM SPSS version 20.0. Results Most respondents (93.6%) were heterosexuals, 4.7% bisexuals, 1.3% lesbian women and 0.40% gay men. More heterosexuals (80.4%) were fully satisfied with their self-identified sexual orientation compared to 57.2% of non-heterosexuals. Respondents who had religious upbringing and those whose parents were currently married were less likely to have sexual orientation outside of heterosexuality. Conclusion The most prevalent sexual orientation was heterosexuality, with more heterosexuals also expressing satisfaction than others. With the level of dissatisfaction expressed by those who are not heterosexuals as well as the factors associated with heterosexuality, it is plausible to conclude that societal values and/or prejudices constitute major factors in individuals self-identifying with some particular sexual orientation and the satisfaction derived therein.

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ROLE OF EDUCATION IN WOMEN EMPOWERMENT: A CASE OF RURAL PUNJAB, PAKISTA

Pakistan Journal of Educational Research ◽

10.52337/pjer.v2i2.22 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Manan Aslam, Muhammad Aslam, Muhammad Ahsin Ayub

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Low Income ◽

Family Income ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Total Sample ◽

Income Group ◽

Second Phase ◽

Middle Income ◽

Multi Stage ◽

The Impact

The study investigated the impact of major factors influencing the women education in district Faisalabad. The multi-stage sampling technique was used to collect the data. The Faisalabad district was selected for this purpose. The tehsils of Faisalabad district were Faisalabad, ChakJhumra, Jaranwala, Summandri and Tandianwala. The data was collected in three phases. In first phase tehsil Faisalabad was selected and in second phase the tehsil Faisalabad was categorized into three segments based on the income distribution, the first segment represented the low-income class of the society and the second category represents the middle-class areas and the later represents the higher income group families. While in the third phase, the two areas from each class were selected for data collection using random sampling technique. The 40 respondents were selected from each class i.e. lower income, middle income and higher income. The total sample size was consisted of 120 respondents. The comprehensive questionnaire carried the information including social and economic conditions of the household was designed data collection. The data was analyzed using statistical packages for social sciences SPSS. The study inferred that the women education was influenced by the rising poverty, family income and social barriers. Finally, the study recommended that government should take steps in reducing poverty by establishing departments that raises the employment rate for women so that peoples don’t neglect the major portion of social capital the females.

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Social Values and Prostitution in Awka South Local Government Area, Anambra State, Nigeria

The Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology ◽

10.36108/njsa/3102/11(0160) ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nneka P. Oli

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Cultural Values ◽

Social Values ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Target Population ◽

Value Systems ◽

Anambra State ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Major Factors ◽

The Impact

In every society, there are certain cultural values and value systems that guide every aspect of human behaviour. In Nigeria, our value system is in the process of decaying. This may be attributed to alien values of colonialism, imperialism and neo-colonialism. Prostitution which is regarded as a crime against morality, societal standard of right conduct and decency may be traced to western influence and decline in social values. This paper investigated the impact of declining social values on prostitution among females in Awka South LGA in Anambra State. The study adopted strain theory as its theoretical framework. The target population for the study comprises people who are 18 years and above. Multi-stage sampling technique was adopted in selecting 200 respondents for the study. Quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection were used in this study. In view of this, questionnaire and in-depth interviews were the instruments of data collection used in the study. The findings indicate that decline in social values, poverty, and unemployment are major factors influencing prostitution. Therefore, the study recommends that all agents of socialization should ensure that our social values are maintained by inculcating these values in our youth. Also, efforts should be made to alleviate poverty and unemployment in our society which also tend to drive prostitution.

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The Characteristics of Retail Wastes in the City of Yenagoa, Nigeria

Journal of Management and Sustainability ◽

10.5539/jms.v6n4p59 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 59

Author(s):

Ebikapade Amasuomo ◽

Jim Baird

Keyword(s):

Sampling Technique ◽

Management Plan ◽

Wood Products ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Retail Sector ◽

Sampling Frame ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Treatment And Disposal ◽

Areas Of Interest ◽

The City

Wastes management is a clear strategy where wastes are channelled through processes that ensures proper storage, collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of wastes with ample consideration for environmental protection and public health. In Yenagoa where the current study was conducted, the lack of proper wastes management structure is apparent, particularly among retailers where samples were drawn from for the study. Little is known on the volume and characteristics of wastes produced by the retail sector in the city, like many other Nigerian cities.The study employed a mixed method approach using closed and open-ended questionnaires in collecting data. In all about 900 questionnaires were collected and analysed for the study. Knowing that no proper waste management plan can be developed until the current practice, sources, components and volume of waste has been well understood. The use of qualitative methods in this paper helps to better understand and gather data on areas of interest. A multi stage cluster sampling technique was employed due to the unavailability of an up-to-date sampling frame in the area.The findings from the study show that wastes materials produced by retailers in Yenagoa are mainly wastes paper, tins, cans, plastics, cardboard, furniture, wood products and possibly WEEE. However, plastics and cardboard materials were the dominant wastes materials produced by the retail sector. The study therefore concludes that there is a need to establish a wastes processing facility in Yenagoa with heavy emphasis on recycling.

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Factors affecting extent of rural livelihood diversification in selected areas of Bangladesh

SAARC Journal of Agriculture ◽

10.3329/sja.v16i1.37419 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 7-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

MT Ahmed ◽

H Bhandari ◽

PU Gordoncillo ◽

CB Quicoy ◽

GP Carnaje

Keyword(s):

Household Head ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Primary Data ◽

Livelihood Diversification ◽

Tobit Regression ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Migrant Household ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Poor Households ◽

Major Factors

The study was carried out to investigate the patterns and extent of livelihood diversification in rural Bangladesh. It also identified the major factors affecting extent of livelihood diversification. The study drew a random sample of 500 rural farm households in Bangladesh through a multi-stage sampling technique. The primary data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and statistical techniques. The results showed that remittance contributed the highest to the household income followed by petty business and rice farming. The estimated values of Simpson Index of Diversification (SID) showed that majority of the rural households had “medium” and “high” level diversified livelihood activities. Tobit regression analysis found that gender of the household head, household size and amount of credit had positive and significant effects; and number of migrant household member, dependency ratio, household assets, education of the household head and amount of savings had negative but significant effects on the extent of livelihood diversification. The small and medium landholding households were more likely to diversify their livelihoods compared to the functionally landless and large landholding households. The study recommended that non-farm employment opportunities should be expanded to combat poor households' vulnerability to shocks and income fluctuations. Functionally landless households should be given more attention to increase and diversify their incomes.SAARC J. Agri., 16(1): 7-21 (2018)

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Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) and cauliflower (Brassica oleracea) marketing in selected areas of Bangladesh

Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.3329/bjar.v39i1.20163 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 127-141

Author(s):

MS Hoq ◽

MA Matin ◽

TMB Hossain ◽

S Hossain

Keyword(s):

Brassica Oleracea ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Transportation Cost ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Easy Access ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Barrier To Entry ◽

Marketing Chain ◽

Storage Facilities

The study was conducted in two districts Comilla and Jessore to examine the marketing chain, marketing cost, and margin, problems and some probable solutions for cabbage and cauliflower marketing. A total of 92 respondents consisting of 20 vegetable growers and 72 vegetables traders were selected as sample for the present study. A multi-stage simple random sampling technique was used for selection of samples. Both primary and secondary data were used for the study. About 60% farmers used van to carry the vegetables to the market. Average cauliflower marketing cost of farmer was higher than cabbage which was Tk.36.59 per quintal due to its special transportation arrangement. On the basis of the intermediaries, seven marketing chain were identified as a dominant. The chain Farmer?Local Traders (Faria) ? Bepari? Aratdar (urban) ?Retailer (urban) ?Consumer was identified as most dominant. About 39.60% product runs through this chain. In cauliflower marketing local traders, Bepari, retailer (urban) and retailer (rural) incurred the highest marketing cost than cabbage which were averaged Tk.65.75, Tk.248.47, Tk.205.69, and Tk.78.21, respectively, due to its perishable nature. In the case of farmers, local traders (Faria) and Bepari transportation cost is the highest. Commission charge was highest in the case of retailer (urban) and spoilage and damage cost was the highest for retailer(rural).The marketing cost was the highest for Bepari which were estimated Tk.212.74 for cabbage, Tk.219.87 for cauliflower and the marketing margin was highest for retailer (urban) which were estimated Tk.108.52 for cabbage and Tk.130.09 for cauliflower. Inadequate storage facilities and dominance of intermediaries were the major marketing problems identified by the farmers. Unstable price, barrier to entry in the terminal market, delays on ferryghat and spoilage and damage were the major marketing problem faced by the different intermediaries. The study suggested improving the storage facilities and establishment of organization to solve marketing problem of the farmers. Easy access of vegetables carrying vehicle in the terminal market, arrangement of separate cargo ferry would reduce the spoilage and damage of vegetables in the traders level. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i1.20163 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(1): 127-141, March 2014

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Investigating the Wastes Management Practices of Businesses in Nigeria

Journal of Management and Sustainability ◽

10.5539/jms.v6n4p107 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 107

Author(s):

Ebikapade Amasuomo ◽

Jim Baird

Keyword(s):

Environmental Management ◽

Small Businesses ◽

Management Practices ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Sampling Frame ◽

Environmental Management Practices ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Monitoring And Enforcement ◽

Indiscriminate Disposal

Wastes and environmental management in many Nigerian cities have suffered tremendous setbacks in the last few decades. Literatures and environmental reports confirm a below average performance in relation to wastes and environmental management practices. Apart from unwholesome practices that characterises wastes management at household levels, many businesses across Nigeria have also capitalized on the lack of proper monitoring and enforcement of wastes and environmental laws to adopt practices that promotes organizational profits over environmental quality.Hence, the current research investigates wastes management practices of small businesses (retailers) in Nigeria with a view to identify where corrections should be made in order to improve the overall wastes management standards in the country.In order to achieve these aims and to proffer adequate solutions to the wastes management issues in the city, the paper employed a mixed method approach using closed and open-ended questionnaires in collecting data. In all about 900 questionnaires were collected and analysed for the study. A multi stage cluster sampling technique was employed due to the unavailability of an up-to-date sampling frame in the study area.It was found that businesses were heavily involved in unfriendly environmental practices such as; burning of wastes, random and indiscriminate disposal, dumping of wastes on water bodies and disposal on illegal dumpsites. These wastes management practices were found to be a clear violation of standard international best practices as only a fraction of businesses dispose their wastes using official disposal points. The study therefore advocates that the wastes management authorities develop a means of influencing the environmental culture of organizations (retailers) in order to improve wastes management among businesses. Similarly, the research argues that adequate environmental policies be formulated and enforced in order to encourage retailers to embrace sustainable wastes management practices.

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Assesment of the Behaviour and Investment Preference of Women Cassava Processors in Ekiti State, Nigeria

International Journal of Social Science Research ◽

10.5296/ijssr.v6i2.12682 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 10

Author(s):

Foluso Osundare ◽

Temidayo Olowoyeye

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Investment Decision ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Annual Income ◽

Probit Regression ◽

Processing Equipment ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Marginal Propensity ◽

Major Factors

The behavior and pattern of investment of cassava processors depends largely on their level of income; the need to assess their investment preference necessitated this study. The research was carried out in Ekiti State Nigeria to describe the socioeconomic characteristics of women cassava processors; examine their investment patterns; determine their propensities to invest and; analyze the factors influencing their investment decision. Information was obtained from a total of 180 women cassava processors through a well-structured questionnaire. A multi-stage sampling technique was used in the selection of respondents. The analytical tools employed were descriptive statistics, Friedman ranking analysis, and Probit regression analysis. The study showed that the mean annual income and investment of respondents were ₦488,750 and ₦164,300 respectively with marginal propensity to invest for every income generated at ₦0.228. The Probit regression analysis showed that the major factors influencing the respondents’ decision to invest in the study area were household size, annual income and return on investment. The studies showed that investment potential not only exists among the women cassava processor in the study area, they were actually investing, but their unwillingness to invest in processing equipment is worrisome. It’s therefore recommended that modern processing facilities should be subsidized to reduce the processing cost, encourage future investment on them, reduce drudgery, increase value addition, income and consequently increased investment. Secondly, soft loans free of collateral should be giving to the processors to facilitate purchase of processing equipment, develop and expand their processing sheds.

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Determinants of credit rationing among rural farmers in developing areas

Agricultural Finance Review ◽

10.1108/afr-03-2018-0023 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 79 (2) ◽

pp. 158-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yusuf Ibrahim Kofarmata ◽

Abubakar Hamid Danlami

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Sector ◽

Choice Model ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Credit Rationing ◽

Multinomial Logit Model ◽

Integrated System ◽

Agricultural Credit ◽

Content Type ◽

Rural Farmers ◽

Multi Stage

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to model credit rationing among farmers in rural developing areas, based on micro level data of Kano State, Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach A total of 835 households and 45 microfinance banks were utilized as the samples of the study which were selected using multi-stage stratified sampling technique. Multinomial logit model was used to estimate the factors that determine credit rationing among the rural farmers in Nigeria. Findings The result of the discrete choice model shows that farmers who are either being engaged in subsistence farming or trading have a significant effect on credit rationing with the greatest impacts found on the farm profit and farmers’ location. Research limitations/implications This study failed to carry out a dynamic analysis regarding agricultural credit rationing. Also, it is well known that formal credit interacts with informal credit sector; nevertheless, this interaction was unaccounted for in this study. Therefore, future studies can expand the scope of this research to account for this interaction. In fact, investigating heterogeneity among credit providers will be an important topic in the future. Practical implications Clear and sound policies are required for the establishment of new agencies and financial institutions devoted to agricultural sector. Similarly, an integrated system of forward-looking policies based on tax and subsidy-regimes to augment desired incentives for private financial sector and NGOs to lend money to the farmers are needed. Originality/value Consistent with risk-balancing theory, the good story for farmers is that profit making farmers are less likely to be among the constrained borrowers. It turned out from the credit rationing model that urban farmers had a greater chance of being successful applicants in the Nigerian agricultural credit market. In comparison to farmers at periphery, urban residents are less likely to be associated with being constrained borrowers.

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