scholarly journals Effects of Baru Almond and Brazil Nut Against Hyperlipidemia and Oxidative Stress In Vivo

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Canuto Fernandes ◽  
Aline Medeiros Alves ◽  
Gabriela Salim Ferreira Castro ◽  
Alceu Afonso Jordao Junior ◽  
Maria Margareth Veloso Naves
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Brazil Nut ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
And Control

<p>This study evaluated the effect of baru (<em>Dipteryx alata </em>Vog.) almond, an edible seed native from Brazilian Savanna, and Brazil nut (<em>Bertholletia excelsa</em> H. B. K.) on serum lipid profile and hepatic lipid peroxidation in rats fed high-fat diets. Four groups of eight young adult male Wistar rats were treated for nine weeks with one of the following diets: high-fat diets - 0.1% colic acid + 1% cholesterol + 5% lard + 15% of lipid from lard, baru almond or Brazil nut - and reference diet (7% soybean oil). Groups fed with baru almond and Brazil nut showed lower serum contents of total cholesterol and triacylglycerols than those of lard group. Baru almond group also showed higher HDL-c concentration than those of Brazil nut and lard groups, similar to that of reference group. Lipid peroxidation (through total malondialdehyde) was lower and vitamin E content was higher in the livers of the animals treated with baru almond and Brazil nut than those of lard group. These results indicate that the Brazilian native oilseeds, especially baru almond, have great potential for dietary use in dyslipidemia prevention and control.</p>

Activation of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 3 Channel Suppresses Adipogenesis

Endocrinology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (6) ◽  
pp. 2074-2086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sin Ying Cheung ◽  
Yu Huang ◽  
Hiu Yee Kwan ◽  
Hau Yin Chung ◽  
Xiaoqiang Yao
Keyword(s):  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Transient Receptor ◽  
Fat Diets

Abstract The present study shows that activation of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 channel (TRPV3) suppresses adipocyte differentiation. We also found that a major functional catechin compound in green tea and cocoa, (−)-epicatechin, exerts antiadipogenic effects in the adipocytes through direct activation of TRPV3. TRPV3 was detected in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes using immunohistochemistry and semiquantitative PCR. TRPV3 activation by activators (−)-epicatechin and diphenylborinic anhydride was determined using live cell fluorescent Ca2+ imaging and patch-clamp electrophysiology. Using RNA interference, immunoblotting, and Oil red O staining, we found that the TRPV3 agonists prevented adipogenesis by inhibiting the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1, the downstream phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/forkhead box protein O1 axis, and the expression of the adipogenic genes peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α. TRPV3 overexpression hindered adipogenesis in the 3T3-L1 cells. In vivo studies showed that chronic treatment with the TRPV3 activators prevented adipogenesis and weight gain in the mice fed on high-fat diets. Moreover, TRPV3 expression was reduced in the visceral adipose tissue from mice fed on high-fat diets and obese (ob/ob) and diabetic (db/m+) mice. In conclusion, our study illustrates the antiadipogenic role of TRPV3 in the adipocytes.

scholarly journals Starch Digestion Products Activate Enteroendocrine L-cells and Their Ileal Delivery Through the Diet Contributes to Weight Management in Mice (P08-005-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa El-Hindawy ◽  
Choon Young Kim ◽  
Bruce Hamaker
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Starch Digestion ◽  
High Fat ◽  
L Cells ◽  
L Cell ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
Slowly Digestible Starch

Abstract Objectives Our laboratory has recently shown that slowly digestible starch (SDS) that locationally digests to the ileum activates the gut-brain axis and reduces food intake in obese animals. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), oxyntomodulin (OXM), and peptide YY (PYY) are the main appetite-suppressing (anorexigenic) peptides of the intestinal enterendocrine L-cells that regulate postprandial insulin levels and satiety signals. We investigated the in vitro L-cell chemosensation of α-amylase starch digestion products, named maltooligosaccharides (MOS), and using SDS to deliver MOS in vivo. Methods Mouse (STC-1) and human (NCI-H716) cells were used to test chemosensation response and release of GLP-1, OXM and PYY after MOS treatment. Differential gene expression and comparable global protein profiling of STC-1 cell treated with MOS was tested using RNA sequencing and LC-MS/MS analysis. Alginate-entrapped SDS microspheres that digest distally into the ileum were used to examine the role of SDS in the intervention and prevention of obesity in C57BL/6 J obese and lean mice, respectively. Body weight, food intake and body composition were monitored periodically. Results MOS exhibited significantly higher stimulatory effect on GLP-1 and OXM secretion in mouse and human L-cells, respectively, compared to glucose. Multi-omics analysis showed that MOS induced exocytosis of GLP-1- and OXM-containing vesicles and did not induce positive regulation of the proglucagon gene suggesting that secretion, but not synthesis, of the proglucagon gene products was enhanced by MOS. In vivo Results showed that 20% SDS in low-fat diets significantly improved weight loss and food intake reduction in obese mice. Similarly, 15% SDS in high-fat diets showed significant reduction in body fat %, increase in lean body mass, and considerable reduction in weight gain rate and food intake in lean mice fed on high-fat diets. Conclusions We propose several insights into L-cell sensation of dietary starch-degraded MOS delivered by the consumption of slowly digestible starch. MOS exhibit unique influences on L-cell sensitivity and gut hormone productivity. The intricate role of dietary carbohydrates on gut physiological response, related to satiety and food intake could be a new approach for design of foods for obesity prevention. Funding Sources Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue University. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

Effect of Dietary Cholesterol and Fat Levels on Lipid Peroxidation and the Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes in Rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Fa Lu ◽  
Chia-Feng Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Cholesterol Feeding ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary fat levels, with or without cholesterol, on lipid peroxidation and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in rats. Thirty-two Wistar rats aged 4 weeks were divided into 4 groups and fed high (20%; HF) or low (5%; LF) fat, with or without l% cholesterol, for 6 weeks. Cholesterol feeding resulted in significantly higher concentrations of serum cholesterol, but lowered serum triacylglycerol levels. Cholesterol feeding also led to markedly decreased levels of hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and lower activities of hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) when compared with cholesterol-free counterparts in both HF and LF diets. On the other hand, rats fed high-fat diets showed increased serum and liver TBARS, but decreased hepatic GSH-Px, SOD, and G6PDH activities. Hepatic catalase activity was lower in rats fed cholesterol-containing diets, but higher in rats fed high-fat diets, and interaction existed between cholesterol and fat feeding. These results suggested that dietary cholesterol might delay lipid peroxidation and decrease the activities of the hepatic antioxidant enzymes. The degree of lipid peroxidation was also influenced by dietary fat levels.

Trans-resveratrol supplement lowers lipid peroxidation responses of exercise in male Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Nasiri ◽  
Saja Ahmadizad ◽  
Mehdi Hedayati ◽  
Tayebe Zarekar ◽  
Mehdi Seydyousefi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Acute Response ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
And Control

Abstract. Physical exercise increases free radicals production; antioxidant supplementation may improve the muscle fiber’s ability to scavenge ROS and protect muscles against exercise-induced oxidative damage. This study was designed to examine the effects of all-trans resveratrol supplementation as an antioxidant to mediate anti-oxidation and lipid per-oxidation responses to exercise in male Wistar rats. Sixty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal number (n = 16) including training + supplement (TS), training (T), supplement (S) and control (C) group. The rats in TS and S groups received a dose of 10 mg/kg resveratrol per day via gavage. The training groups ran on a rodent treadmill 5 times per week at the speed of 10 m/min for 10 min; the speed gradually increased to 30 m/min for 60 minutes at the end of 12th week. The acute phase of exercise protocol included a speed of 25 m/min set to an inclination of 10° to the exhaustion point. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) activity, non-enzymatic antioxidants bilirubin, uric acid, lipid peroxidation levels (MDA) and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured after the exercise termination. The data were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA. The result showed that endurance training caused a significant increase in MDA level [4.5 ± 0.75 (C group) vs. 5.9 ± 0.41 nmol/l (T group)] whereas it decreased the total antioxidant capacity [8.5 ± 1.35 (C group) vs. 7.1 ± 0.55 mmol/l (T group)] (p = 0.001). In addition, GPx and CAT decreased but not significantly (p > 0.05). The training and t-resveratrol supplementation had no significant effect on the acute response of all variables except MDA [4.3 ± 1.4 (C group) vs. 4.0 ± 0.90 nmol/l (TS group)] (p = 0.001) and TAC [8.5 ± 0.90 (C group) vs. 6.6 ± 0.80 mmol/l (TS group)] (p = 0.004). It was concluded that resveratrol supplementation may prevent exercise-induced oxidative stress by preventing lipid peroxidation.

Non-Fasting Factor VII Coagulant Activity (FVII:C) Increased by High-Fat Diet

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (06) ◽  
pp. 755-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
E M Bladbjerg ◽  
P Marckmann ◽  
B Sandström ◽  
J Jespersen
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Amidolytic Activity ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Coagulant Activity ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

SummaryPreliminary observations have suggested that non-fasting factor VII coagulant activity (FVII:C) may be related to the dietary fat content. To confirm this, we performed a randomised cross-over study. Seventeen young volunteers were served 2 controlled isoenergetic diets differing in fat content (20% or 50% of energy). The 2 diets were served on 2 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected at 8.00 h, 16.30 h and 19.30 h, and analysed for triglycerides, FVII coagulant activity using human (FVII:C) or bovine thromboplastin (FVII:Bt), and FVII amidolytic activity (FVIPAm). The ratio FVII:Bt/FVII:Am (a measure of FVII activation) increased from fasting levels on both diets, but most markedly on the high-fat diet. In contrast, FVII: Am (a measure of FVII protein) tended to decrease from fasting levels on both diets. FVII:C rose from fasting levels on the high-fat diet, but not on the low-fat diet. The findings suggest that high-fat diets increase non-fasting FVII:C, and consequently may be associated with increased risk of thrombosis.

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