scholarly journals Recent Trends in Temperature and Relative Humidity in Bawku East, Northern Ghana

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frimpong K. ◽  
Oosthuizen J. ◽  
Van Etten E. J.
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
Exposure Temperature ◽  
Seasonal Basis ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Maximum Temperatures

Extensive analyses of trends in mean annual and mean seasonal minimum and maximum temperatures and relative humidity were examined for Bawku East, northern Ghana, for the period 1961 to 2012. Mean monthly maximum and minimum temperatures were used to analyse and establish recent temperature trends on an annual and seasonal basis. The year was divided into rainy and dry seasons for the seasonal trends. Mean monthly relative humidity at 6 am and 3 pm from 1961 to 2012 were considered to show recent trends in humidity since temperature and humidity interact to determine the heat exposure for outdoor workers. Regression analysis was used to illustrate trends and calculate mean yearly and seasonal rate of change. A Durbin-Watson statistical test was employed to verify autocorrelation of the residuals of the trend models and none was detected. Results showed a gradual and statistically significant rise in both mean minimum and mean maximum temperatures at two stations (Manga and Garu). There was an inconsistent pattern of trend observed at the third station (Binduri). Declining trends in relative humidity were observed at 6 am and 3 pm at seasonal and annual levels at Binduri and Garu, while there was a rising trend in relative humidity at Manga. The importance of this study hinges on the linkage between heat exposure (temperature and air humidity) and human health in the wake of climate change on outdoor farmers in developing countries who spend many hours doing manual work in the heat. On the whole, the rising temperature has impacted on ecosystem services in the study area.

scholarly journals Temperature Changes in Kaski District of Nepal: A Study of Trends (1970-2018)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Rajendra Prasad Upadhayaya
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Temperature Trend ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Average Maximum Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperatures

Climate change is one of the most complex and crucial issues in the world. It has impacted environmental, social, and economic sectors of our planet. Unsurprisingly, Nepal is not immune to climate change. In fact, it is one of the most susceptible countries to climate change. One of the most impacted variables in Nepal due to climate change is the maximum temperature. The rate of change of temperature per year, in Nepal is ever-increasing. This paper examines the temperature trend and how it has affected environmental, social, and economic sustainability of Kaski District in Nepal. The paper utilizes the maximum temperature trend of Kaski District during 1970-2018. The monthly minimum and maximum temperatures are obtained from the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM). The study is done based on the data obtained from Pokhara Airport and Lumle stations. The paper uses three statistical tools alongside descriptive statistics to analyze the data. First, the Man-Kendall test is used to figure out the trend of temperature. Second, Sen’s slope is used to find the magnitude of a trend. Third, the Time series model has been used for forecasting temperature trends. Finally, SPSS and R software were used to calculate the results. The trend of maximum temperature has been significantly increased in Kaski District. The maximum temperature in Kaski during 1970-2018, recorded, was 24.99°C in 2005 and was closely followed by 24.66°C temperature in 2010. The average maximum temperature during the 1970-2018 period was 23.49°C. The maximum variation of maximum temperature during 1970-2018 was in 1992 with a standard deviation of 5.94°C. The minimum temperature during 1970-2018 was 21.12°C in 1978 and was closely followed by 22.19°C in 1997. There is an increasing trend of maximum temperature in Kaski District. In addition, the trend of maximum temperature is higher and faster after 1998 in Kaski District of Western Nepal during 1970-2018.

scholarly journals A novel mouse model of heatstroke accounting for ambient temperature and relative humidity

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyuki Miyamoto ◽  
Keisuke Suzuki ◽  
Hirokazu Ohtaki ◽  
Motoyasu Nakamura ◽  
Hiroki Yamaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Core Body ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Treatment Water

Abstract Background Heatstroke is associated with exposure to high ambient temperature (AT) and relative humidity (RH), and an increased risk of organ damage or death. Previously proposed animal models of heatstroke disregard the impact of RH. Therefore, we aimed to establish and validate an animal model of heatstroke considering RH. To validate our model, we also examined the effect of hydration and investigated gene expression of cotransporter proteins in the intestinal membranes after heat exposure. Methods Mildly dehydrated adult male C57/BL6J mice were subjected to three AT conditions (37 °C, 41 °C, or 43 °C) at RH > 99% and monitored with WetBulb globe temperature (WBGT) for 1 h. The survival rate, body weight, core body temperature, blood parameters, and histologically confirmed tissue damage were evaluated to establish a mouse heatstroke model. Then, the mice received no treatment, water, or oral rehydration solution (ORS) before and after heat exposure; subsequent organ damage was compared using our model. Thereafter, we investigated cotransporter protein gene expressions in the intestinal membranes of mice that received no treatment, water, or ORS. Results The survival rates of mice exposed to ATs of 37 °C, 41 °C, and 43 °C were 100%, 83.3%, and 0%, respectively. From this result, we excluded AT43. Mice in the AT 41 °C group appeared to be more dehydrated than those in the AT 37 °C group. WBGT in the AT 41 °C group was > 44 °C; core body temperature in this group reached 41.3 ± 0.08 °C during heat exposure and decreased to 34.0 ± 0.18 °C, returning to baseline after 8 h which showed a biphasic thermal dysregulation response. The AT 41 °C group presented with greater hepatic, renal, and musculoskeletal damage than did the other groups. The impact of ORS on recovery was greater than that of water or no treatment. The administration of ORS with heat exposure increased cotransporter gene expression in the intestines and reduced heatstroke-related damage. Conclusions We developed a novel mouse heatstroke model that considered AT and RH. We found that ORS administration improved inadequate circulation and reduced tissue injury by increasing cotransporter gene expression in the intestines.

Aldosterone and ADH response to heat and dehydration in cattle

1980 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. D. El-Nouty ◽  
I. M. Elbanna ◽  
T. P. Davis ◽  
H. D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Urine Output ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Total Plasma Protein ◽  
Urinary Potassium

The effect of heat (35 degrees C) and dehydration under heat (30 h) on plasma levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone was studied on four nonpregnant dry Holstein cows. Heat exposure caused a rapid significant rise in plasma ADH without significant changes in hematocrit (Hct), small but significant increase in urine output and a significant reduction in total plasma protein. Dehydration under heat caused a sharp increase in ADH levels associated with a significant decrease in urine output and a significant increase in plasma protein, blood Hct, and serum osmolality. A significant reduction in plasma aldosterone level was observed after 24 h of heat exposure. This was associated with a slight rise in urinary sodium excretion and a significant reduction in serum sodium. Both serum and urinary potassium concentrations were significantly lower under heat. Dehydration resulted in a slow rise in aldosterone but did not reach thermoneutral level. This is probably due to the inhibitory effect of higher serum sodium observed during dehydration on plasma aldosterone secretion. The rise in ADH and decrease in aldosterone during heat exposure may explain why cattle are one of the few species that do not concentrate urine during heat exposure.

scholarly journals Influence of weather parameters on alternaria leaf blight severity of makhana under the agro-climate of Koshi region of Bihar

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
SANTOSH KUMAR ◽  
MD. NADEEM AKHTAR ◽  
SANTOSH KUMAR ◽  
MAHESH KUMAR ◽  
TRIBHUWAN KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Alternaria Leaf Blight ◽  
Weather Parameters ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Cent Disease

Weather parameters play a pivotal role in the infection process and spread of pathogen. It also influences the expression of susceptibility/resistance of the host plant during post-infection phases. Therefore, an experiment was conducted for two consecutive cropping seasons (2018 &2019) to study the influence of weather parameters such as temperature, humidity, rainfall and wind direction on the emergence of alternaria leaf blight of makhana in Koshi region of Bihar. Maximum per cent disease severity of alternarialeaf blightwas observed during the peak monsoon months (June to August). Highest disease severity of leaf blight (14.80% & 15.7%) was observed in the mid June during crop season, 2018 and 2019. High temperature (36.9oC & 38.1oC), and relative humidity (94% & 96.4%) of both the year 2018 and 2019 were found correlated with higher severity to alternaria leaf blight. Similarly average HTR values (3.1) were also found correlated with the average high temperature and relative humidity of both years (2018 and 2019) in terms of severity of leaf blight disease. Maximum temperatures, relative humidity and rainfall exhibited strong positive linear relationship and influenced the occurrence of alternaria leaf blight disease significantly. We also developed a geo-phytopathological model for the prediction of alternaria leaf blight disease of makhana on the basis of congenial mean temperature and relative humidity.

scholarly journals PRODUKSI ANTOSIANIN DARI DAUN MIANA (Plectranthus scutellarioides) SEBAGAI PEWARNA ALAMI

Pro Food ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 298-303
Author(s):  
Dhanang Puspita ◽  
Yosephine Diana Tjahyono ◽  
Yunius Samalukang ◽  
Binerd Anthon Im Toy ◽  
Norson Willem Totoda
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Anthocyanin Pigment ◽  
Natural Pigment ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Maximum Absorbance ◽  
Exposure Temperature ◽  
Anthocyanin Pigments ◽  
Purple Color

Miana (Coleus scutellaroides) is an ornamental plant of single leaf a purple color. The purple color found from miana leaves is an indicator of the presence of anthocyanin pigments. Anthocyanin from miana leaves can be utilized as a natural pigment for various staining purposes especially in the food industry, anthocyanin harvesting on miana leaves can be done at any time and does not depend on the season due to its abundant availability in nature.The aims of this study were to isolate, identify, and microencapsulated anthocyanin pigments of miana leaves. The result, pigment extracted from miana leaves had characteristic of purple color and having maximum absorbance at wavelength 529 nm, suspected as anthocyanin derivative (cyanidin-3-routosida).The total microcapsulated anthocyanim was 0.149542 mg / g. Thermostability of encapsulated anthocyanin pigment from miana leaves stable with heat exposure temperature 100C up to 60 minutes. Based on those collected information, encapsulated miana leaves pigment could be used as an additional natural coloring in food industries.Keywords: anthocyanin, miana, microencapsulation, pigment, thermostability. ABSTRAKMiana (Coleus scutellaroides) termasuk ke dalam tanaman hias yang berdaun tunggal dan berwarna ungu. Warna ungu yang terdapat pada daun miana adalah indikator keberadaan pigmen antosianin.Pemanfaatan daun miana sebagai sumber antosianin dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pigmen alami untuk berbagai keperluan pewarna terutama dalam industri pangan, pemanenan antosianin pada daun miana dapat dilakukan setiap saat dan tidak bergantung pada musim dikarenakan ketersediannya yang selalu melimpah di alam.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengisolasi, mengidentifikasi, dan mikroenkapsulasi pigmen antosianin dari daun miana.Berdasarkan hasil analisis didapati bahwa ekstrak pigmen daun miana memiliki karakteristik warna nampak ungu dan serapan maksimum absorbansinya berada pada panjang gelombang 529 nm, pigmen diduga sebagai turunan antosianin yaitu sianidin-3-rutinosida.Total antosianim yang sudah dimikroenkapsulasi sebesar 0.149542 mg/g. Dari hasil uji thermostabilitas pigmen terenkapsulasi maltodekstrin, stabilitas pigmen antosianin dari daun miana cenderung stabil dengan adanya pemaparan panas suhu 100C hingga 60 menit.Berdasarkan hasil dan pengujian, pigmen daun miana terenkapsulasi dapat menjadi pertimbangan produk untuk digunakan sebagai bahan tambahan pewarna dalam industri pangan.Kata kunci: antosianin, miana, mikroenkapsulasi, pigmen, termostabilitas.

scholarly journals Hyperthermia reduces electromechanical delay via accelerated electrochemical processes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adèle Mornas ◽  
Sebastien Racinais ◽  
Franck Brocherie ◽  
Marine Alhammoud ◽  
Robin Hager ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Force Transmission ◽  
Electromechanical Delay ◽  
Ambient Environment ◽  
Electrochemical Processes ◽  
Muscle Fascicle ◽  
Voluntary Contractions

The present study aimed to determine the effect of hyperthermia on both electrochemical and mechanical components of the electromechanical delay (EMD), using very-high-frame-rate ultrasound. Electrically evoked peak twitch force, EMD, electrochemical (Dm, i.e., delay between stimulation and muscle fascicle motion) and mechanical (Tm, i.e., delay between fascicle motion and force production onset) components of EMD were assessed in sixteen participants. Assessments were conducted in a control ambient environment (CON: 26°C, 34% relative humidity) and in hot ambient environment (HOT: 46-50°C, 18% relative humidity, after ~127 min of heat exposure). Following heat exposure, gastrocnemius medialis temperature was 37.0 ± 0.6°C in HOT vs. 34.0 ± 0.8°C in CON (P < 0.001). EMD was shorter (9.4 ± 0.8 ms) in HOT than CON (10.8 ± 0.6 ms, P < 0.001). Electrochemical processes were shorter in HOT than CON (4.0 ± 0.8 ms vs. 5.5 ± 0.9 ms, respectively, P < 0.001), while mechanical processes were unchanged (P = 0.622). These results demonstrate that hyperthermia reduces electromechanical delay via accelerated electrochemical processes while force transmission along the active and passive parts of the series elastic component is not affected following heat exposure. The present study demonstrates that heat exposure accelerates muscle contraction thanks to faster electrochemical processes. Further investigations during voluntary contractions would contribute to better understand how these findings translate into motor performance.

scholarly journals Kitchen Area Air Quality Measurements in Northern Ghana: Evaluating the Performance of a Low-Cost Particulate Sensor within a Household Energy Study

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan R. Coffey ◽  
David Pfotenhauer ◽  
Anondo Mukherjee ◽  
Desmond Agao ◽  
Ali Moro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Absolute Humidity ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Household Air Pollution ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Household Energy ◽  
Health And Human Rights

Household air pollution from the combustion of solid fuels is a leading global health and human rights concern, affecting billions every day. Instrumentation to assess potential solutions to this problem faces challenges—especially related to cost. A low-cost ($159) particulate matter tool called the Household Air Pollution Exposure (HAPEx) Nano was evaluated in the field as part of the Prices, Peers, and Perceptions cookstove study in northern Ghana. Measurements of temperature, relative humidity, absolute humidity, and carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide concentrations made at 1-min temporal resolution were integrated with 1-min particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) measurements from the HAPEx, within 62 kitchens, across urban and rural households and four seasons totaling 71 48-h deployments. Gravimetric filter sampling was undertaken to ground-truth and evaluate the low-cost measurements. HAPEx baseline drift and relative humidity corrections were investigated and evaluated using signals from paired HAPEx, finding significant improvements. Resulting particle coefficients and integrated gravimetric PM2.5 concentrations were modeled to explore drivers of variability; urban/rural, season, kitchen characteristics, and dust (a major PM2.5 mass constituent) were significant predictors. The high correlation (R2 = 0.79) between 48-h mean HAPEx readings and gravimetric PM2.5 mass (including other covariates) indicates that the HAPEx can be a useful tool in household energy studies.

scholarly journals Effect of Heat Stress on Behavior, Physiological and Blood Parameters of Goat

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Alam ◽  
MA Hashem ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
MR Haque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Exposure Temperature ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Severe Heat Stress

The research was conducted to study the effect of heat stress on behavior, some physiological and blood parameters with nine goats of almost similar in age, sex and weight into three groups. Three groups were divided as zero hour (T0), four hours (T4) and eight hours (T8) heat exposure. Temperature–humidity index (THI) value was calculated as 28.17 which indicate the experimental animals were in extreme severe heat stress. Skin and rectal temperature had no significant differences among the treatment groups but respiration/panting and pulse rate were increased with the increased of heat stress from T0 to T8 group (P<0.01).  Significant difference was found in standing time and lying time (P<0.01) in experimental groups. There were significant changes (P<0.01) in number of urination and defecation per hour but no significant changes was found in duration per urination in heat treated groups. The amount of RBC, PCV%, Hb%, WBC were increased with the increased of heat stress (P<0.01). Neutrophil, eosinophil, lymphocyte and monocyte numbers increased significantly (P<0.01) in heat treated groups.  It can be concluded that heat stress had significant changes on some behavioral, physiological and blood parameters of goat.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v22i1-2.16465 Progress. Agric. 22(1 & 2): 37 - 45, 2011  

scholarly journals I. Numerical elements of Indian meteorology.—Series II. Insolation, and its connexion with atmospheric moisture

1865 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 111-112
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Atmospheric Moisture ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Different Parts

The author regards as an approximate measure of insolation the difference of the maximum temperatures observed by two similar thermometers one in the sun, and the other in the shade, disturbing influences being as much as possible avoided in both cases, and the observations being confined to those days on which the sun shone sufficiently clearly to cast a distinct shadow during some part of the interval between noon and 4 p .m . Comparing the differences of insolation in different parts of India and in different seasons, he is led to regard insolation as dependent greatly on relative humidity. Thus, generally speaking, it is greater on the seaboard than in the interior of India.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Sweet Potato Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) with Yellow Sticky Traps

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
S.A. Razvi ◽  
K.M. Azam ◽  
A. A. AI-Raeesi
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Sultan Qaboos University ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Sweet Potato Whitefly ◽  
Yellow Sticky Traps

Population fluctuations of adult sweet potato whitefly (Batista tabaci Gennadius) were monitored at the Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Agriculture,  Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman, for a period of four years on a weekly basis from 1st week of January 1993 through December 1996 by using yellow sticky traps. The peer was ubiquitous all round the year as it was found in all the weekly recordings in the four-year study. However; its activity was at peak with large populations from July to October. During 1993, 1994 and 1995 the highest catch of whitefly adults were recorded in the month of September. However, during 1996. the highest catch was recorded in August. Thereafter, whitefly populations started to decrease, fluctuating at lower levels during the other months. The effect of certain weather parameters revealed that the highest adult catches occurred when the maximum temperatures ranged from 32.6 to 40.8°C am the minimum temperatures were 23.7 to 32.0°C. while the maximum relative humidities ranged from 57 to 92% and minimum relative humidities ranged from 13 to 67%. The correlation analyses of four years pooled data revealed that both temperature and relative humidity have positive and significant effect on the activity of the adult whitefly. The ‘r' value for maximum temperature was 0.15. However, the effect of maximum relative humidity was more profound (r = 0.33).

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