scholarly journals Behavior of a Model for Feedback-Controlled Reverberating Circuit and Immediate Memory Function

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
V. F. Rodrigues ◽  
R. S. Wedemann ◽  
M. C. S. De Castro ◽  
D. Silva ◽  
C. M. Cortez
Keyword(s):  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Firing Time ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
C Language ◽  
Immediate Memory ◽  
Memory Circuit ◽  
Inhibitory Feedback

 In this work we implement a mathematical model of synaptic transmission connecting neurons in a circuit of reverberating discharges in order to investigate its behavior in front of parametric variations. Using a program developed in C language, we verified if this model would behave as short-term memory circuit. In the simulation, we used neural parametric values from experimental measures in animal. Our model was able to reproduce polysynaptic activity of a neuronal group of rat brain (looping time of about 102 ms). On the other hand, we verified that the inhibitory feedback synapses in circuit with weight varying with presynaptic firing time and frequency is capable to change the circuit characteristic to reproduce the typical behavior of neural circuits. The results suggest that, differently from some recent considerations, the reverberating circuit model has great potential to reproduce the typical behavior of neural circuits and could be seen as a possible model for immediate memory.

Effectiveness of humor on short term memory function in age matched elderly and diabetic subjects vs. control group

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurinder S. Bains ◽  
Lee Berk ◽  
Noha Daher ◽  
Pooja Deshpande ◽  
Everett Lohman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

Acute Exercise and Sustained Attention on Memory Function

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-332
Author(s):  
Audreaiona Waters ◽  
Liye Zou ◽  
Myungjin Jung ◽  
Qian Yu ◽  
Jingyuan Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Term Memory

Objective: Sustained attention is critical for various activities of daily living, including engaging in health-enhancing behaviors and inhibition of health compromising behaviors. Sustained attention activates neural networks involved in episodic memory function, a critical cognition for healthy living. Acute exercise has been shown to activate these same neural networks. Thus, it is plausible that engaging in a sustained attention task and engaging in a bout of acute exercise may have an additive effect in enhancing memory function, which was the purpose of this experiment. Methods: 23 young adults (Mage = 20.7 years) completed 2 visits, with each visit occurring approximately 24 hours apart, in a counterbalanced order, including: (1) acute exercise with sustained attention, and (2) sustained attention only. Memory was assessed using a word-list paradigm and included a short- and long-term memory assessment. Sustained attention was induced via a sustained attention to response task (SART). Acute exercise involved a 15-minute bout of moderate-intensity exercise. Results: Short-term memory performance was significantly greater than long-term memory, Mdiff = 1.86, p < .001, and short-term memory for Exercise with Sustained Attention was significantly greater than short-term memory for Sustained Attention Only, Mdiff = 1.50, p = .01. Conclusion: Engaging in an acute bout of exercise before a sustained attention task additively influenced short-term memory function.

scholarly journals Electroconvulsive therapy hasn’t negative effects on short-term memory function, as assessed using a bedside hand-held device

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helge H.O. Müller ◽  
Mareen Reike ◽  
Simon Grosse-Holz ◽  
Mareike Röther ◽  
Caroline Lücke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Digital Measurements

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is effective in the treatment of treatment-resistant major depression. The fear of cognitive impairment after ECT often deters patients from choosing this treatment option. There is little reliable information regarding the effects of ECT on overall cognitive performance, while short-term memory deficits are well known but not easy to measure within clinical routines. In this pilot study, we examined ECT recipients’ pre- and posttreatment performances on a digital ascending number tapping test. We found that cognitive performance measures exhibited good reproducibility in individual patients and that ECT did not significantly alter cognitive performance up to 2 hours after this therapy was applied. Our results can help patients and physicians make decisions regarding the administration of ECT. Digital measurements are recommended, especially when screening for the most common side effects on cognitive performance and short-term memory.

scholarly journals Increasing cerebral blood flow improves cognition into late stages in Alzheimer’s disease mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 1441-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Bracko ◽  
Brendah N Njiru ◽  
Madisen Swallow ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Mohammad Haft-Javaherian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Neutrophil Adhesion ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease

Alzheimer’s disease is associated with a 20–30% reduction in cerebral blood flow. In the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease, inhibiting neutrophil adhesion using an antibody against the neutrophil specific protein Ly6G was recently shown to drive rapid improvements in cerebral blood flow that was accompanied by an improvement in performance on short-term memory tasks. Here, in a longitudinal aging study, we assessed how far into disease development a single injection of anti-Ly6G treatment can acutely improve short-term memory function. We found that APP/PS1 mice as old as 15–16 months had improved performance on the object replacement and Y-maze tests of spatial and working short-term memory, measured at one day after anti-Ly6G treatment. APP/PS1 mice at 17–18 months of age or older did not show acute improvements in cognitive performance, although we did find that capillary stalls were still reduced and cerebral blood flow was still increased by 17% in 21–22-months-old APP/PS1 mice given anti-Ly6G antibody. These data add to the growing body of evidence suggesting that cerebral blood flow reductions are an important contributing factor to the cognitive dysfunction associated with neurodegenerative disease. Thus, interfering with neutrophil adhesion could be a new therapeutic approach for Alzheimer’s disease.

scholarly journals Effects of Lexical Competition on Immediate Memory Span for Spoken Words

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 929-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winston D. Goh ◽  
David B. Pisoni
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Span ◽  
Item Type ◽  
Phonological Similarity ◽  
Lexical Competition ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Immediate Memory ◽  
Spoken Words ◽  
Sampling Procedures

Current theories and models of the structural organization of verbal short-term memory are primarily based on evidence obtained from manipulations of features inherent in the short-term traces of the presented stimuli, such as phonological similarity. In the present study, we investigated whether properties of the stimuli that are not inherent in the short-term traces of spoken words would affect performance in an immediate memory span task. We studied the lexical neighbourhood properties of the stimulus items, which are based on the structure and organization of words in the mental lexicon. The experiments manipulated lexical competition by varying the phonological neighbourhood structure (i.e., neighbourhood density and neighbourhood frequency) of the words on a test list while controlling for word frequency and intra-set phonological similarity (family size). Immediate memory span for spoken words was measured under repeated and nonrepeated sampling procedures. The results demonstrated that lexical competition only emerged when a nonrepeated sampling procedure was used and the participants had to access new words from their lexicons. These findings were not dependent on individual differences in short-term memory capacity. Additional results showed that the lexical competition effects did not interact with proactive interference. Analyses of error patterns indicated that item-type errors, but not positional errors, were influenced by the lexical attributes of the stimulus items. These results complement and extend previous findings that have argued for separate contributions of long-term knowledge and short-term memory rehearsal processes in immediate verbal serial recall tasks.

scholarly journals A Diverse Range of Factors Affect the Nature of Neural Representations Underlying Short-Term Memory

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Emin Orhan ◽  
Wei Ji Ma
Keyword(s):  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Persistent Activity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Temporal Complexity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Activity Models ◽  
The Brain

AbstractSequential and persistent activity models are two prominent models of short-term memory in neural circuits. In persistent activity models, memories are represented in persistent or nearly persistent activity patterns across a population of neurons, whereas in sequential models, memories are represented dynamically by a sequential pattern of activity across the population. Experimental evidence for both types of model in the brain has been reported previously. However, it has been unclear under what conditions these two qualitatively different types of solutions emerge in neural circuits. Here, we address this question by training recurrent neural networks on several short-term memory tasks under a wide range of circuit and task manipulations. We show that sequential and nearly persistent solutions are both part of a spectrum that emerges naturally in trained networks under different conditions. Fixed delay durations, tasks with higher temporal complexity, strong network coupling, motion-related dynamic inputs and prior training in a different task favor more sequential solutions, whereas variable delay durations, tasks with low temporal complexity, weak network coupling and symmetric Hebbian short-term synaptic plasticity favor more persistent solutions. Our results help clarify some seemingly contradictory experimental results on the existence of sequential vs. persistent activity based memory mechanisms in the brain.

scholarly journals Association of Quality of Sleep and Decreased Short Term Memory Function in Medical Students of Pelita Harapan University

Medicinus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
Stevanie Budianto ◽  
Yusak M.T Siahaan
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Term Memory

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Memory is a place where information is stored from the learning process or experience. There are several types of memory , one of them is short term memory. Declining sleep quality is directly proportional to the decrease in short-term memory. Poor sleep quality is often associated with medical student due to exams or vast amount of tasks. Therefore, researcher wants to see whether there is significant correlation between sleep quality and short-term memory function in students.</p><p><strong>Aim:</strong> To assess the association of the quality of sleep towards short term memory function of medical student of Pelita Harapan University.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> This study was conducted with a cross-sectional method, with taking sample using the method of a simple random sample. A total of 90 respondents at University of Pelita Harapan were taken. Data collected sorted out according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality of sleep assessed with PSQI questionnaire while short-term memory assessed by Digit span backward test. Results processed with SPSS version 24 and tested with Chi Square.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: Data analyzed by Chi square test showed there are 33 students (58.9%) have poor sleep quality and short term memory function. There are also significant association between the quality of sleep and short term memory function (p value = 0.026)</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> There is significant association between the quality of sleep and short term memory function of medical students of Pelita Harapan University.</p>

scholarly journals Voluntary running does not increase capillary blood flow but promotes neurogenesis and short-term memory in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaja Falkenhain ◽  
Nancy E. Ruiz-Uribe ◽  
Mohammad Haft-Javaherian ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Pietro E. Michelucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Brain Inflammation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTExercise exerts a beneficial effect on the major pathological and clinical symptoms associated with Alzheimer’ s disease in humans and mouse models of the disease. While numerous mechanisms for such benefits from exercise have been proposed, a clear understanding of the causal links remains elusive. Recent studies also suggest that cerebral blood flow in the brain of both Alzheimer’ s patients and mouse models of the disease is decreased and that the cognitive symptoms can be improved when blood flow is restored. We therefore hypothesized that the mitigating effect of exercise on the development and progression of Alzheimer’ s disease may be mediated through an increase in the otherwise reduced brain blood flow. To test this idea, we examined the impact of three months of voluntary wheel running in ∼1-year-old APP/PS1 mice on short-term memory function, brain inflammation, amyloid deposition, and cerebral blood flow. Our findings that exercise led to improved memory function, a trend toward reduced brain inflammation, markedly increased neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, and no changes in amyloid-beta deposits are consistent with other reports on the impact of exercise on the progression of Alzheimer’ s related symptoms in mouse models. Notably, we did not observe any impact of wheel running on overall cortical blood flow nor on the incidence of non-flowing capillaries, a mechanism we recently identified as one contributing factor to cerebral blood flow deficits in mouse models of Alzheimer’ s disease. Overall, our results replicate previous findings that exercise is able to ameliorate certain aspects of Alzheimer’ s disease pathology, but show that this benefit does not appear to act through increases in cerebral blood flow.

scholarly journals Hubungan Status Gizi dan Status Hidrasi dengan Fungsi Memori Jangka Pendek Anak Usia Sekolah

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-130
Author(s):  
Biyanti Dwi Winarsih ◽  
Yayuk Fatmawati ◽  
Sri Hartini
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Term Memory

ENGLISHShort-term memory in school-age children is significant in the learning process and academic ability improvement. Adequate intake of nutrients and body fluids are needed to accelerate brain performance so that children have optimum memory function. A preliminary study on short term memory of students in SD N Gembong 2, Pati Regency showed that some students experienced a decrease in short-term memory. The objective of this study was to analyze the correlation between nutritional status and nutritional status with children's short-term memory. This study used a correlational design and involved 52 students from 4th - 6th grade in elementary school. The measurement of hydration status used urine specific gravity, while short-term memory was measured using a digit span test. Then, the Chi-Square test was applied to analyze the data. This study result showed that more than half of children had normal nutritional status, good hydration status and normal short-term memory. Furthermore, nutritional status and hydration status were associated with children's short-term memory. Parents should provide more attention to their children’s nutritional and fluid needs, by 1) the children are getting used to taking breakfast before going to school and 2) parents provide meals and drinks from home for their children. INDONESIAMemori jangka pendek pada anak usia sekolah sangat berpengaruh terhadap proses belajar dan upaya peningkatan kemampuan akademik. Asupan nutrisi dan cairan tubuh yang cukup dibutuhkan untuk meningkatkan kerja otak sehingga fungsi memori anak lebih optimal.  Data awal penelitian terkait memori jangka pendek anak di SD N Gembong 2 Pati menunjukkan sebagian anak mengalami penurunan memori jangka pendek. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan status gizi dan status nutrisi dengan memori jangka pendek anak. Metode penelitian korelasional dengan jumlah sampel 52 responden anak kelas 4-6 SD. Pengumpulan data status gizi melalui pengukuran berat badan dan tinggi badan. Pengukuran status hidrasi menggunakan pemeriksaan berat jenis urine dan memori jangka pendek menggunakan test digit span. Analisa menggunakan chi square. Hasil penelitian  menunjukkan sebagian besar anak mempunyai status gizi normal, status hidrasi baik dan memori jangka pendek yang normal. Terdapat hubungan antara status gizi dan status hidrasi dengan memori jangka pendek anak. Orang tua sebaiknya lebih memperhatikan kebutuhan nutrisi dan cairan anak  dengan cara: 1) membiasakan sarapan sebelum berangkat sekolah; dan 2) pada saat anak ke sekolah lebih baik dibawakan bekal makanan dan minuman.

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