scholarly journals Examining Parameters of Surface Quality Performance of Paulownia Wood Materials Modified by Thermal Compression Technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-236
Author(s):  
Zeki Candan ◽  
Oktay Gonultas ◽  
Hizir Volkan Gorgun ◽  
Oner Unsal
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Compression Process ◽  
Compression Technique ◽  
Thermal Compression ◽  
Color Properties

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of thermal compression process on some surface properties of paulownia solid wood materials. The widest surface of wood samples was mechanically compressed at high temperatures. The duration was 45 min. Four different process combinations were created, including two temperatures (150 °C and 170 °C) and two pressure levels (20 bar and 22.5 bar). The surface roughness, wettability and color properties of treated and untreated samples were compared. The roughness properties, both parallel and perpendicular to grain direction, were determined according to JIS B 0601:1994 standard. The contact angle changes of water dripped to the surface were measured according to time. For color properties, a spectrophotometer was used according to CIE L*a*b* system. The color changes were classified according to a grading method from literature. The most remarkable results on wettability were observed. The contact angle values significantly increased with this method. Although higher temperature increased the contact angle values, higher pressures did not change the values. When the surface roughness values were generally considered, this technique could decrease the values up to 40 % ratio according to the control group. Only the combination of 150 °C and 20 bar did not significantly change the values. Lastly, the results of color properties showed that all treatment parameters significantly affected total color change values of samples. Grading results were similar and the color change of modified samples graded as the lowest color difference, except with the combination of 150 °C and 20 bar. The combination of 170 °C and 22.5 bar (highest treatment conditions) significantly changed all color characteristics of samples, except b* parameter. The results of this research showed that mechanical thermal compression method could change surface properties of this fast-growing species.

Surface properties of composite resins with and without fluorides for bracket bonding / Propriedades de superfície de resinas compostas com e sem fluoretos para colagem de suportes

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 67267-67276
Author(s):  
Emillyn Jones Greijal Dias Holanda ◽  
José Guilherme Neves ◽  
Milton Santamaria-Jr ◽  
Silvia Amélia Scudeler Vedovello ◽  
Ana Rosa Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Roughness Analysis ◽  
Diamond Paste ◽  
Penetration Time

The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface properties of orthodontic resins with and without fluoride. Forty disks, measuring 2 mm thick by 6 mm in diameter, were made of 4 bracket-bonding composite resins (n=10): Transbond Plus Color Change-3M/Unitek (TPCC); Transbond XT- 3M/Unitek (TXT), Orthocem -FGM (OC); Orthocem UV Trace-FGM (OCUV). The discs were photoactivated for 40 seconds with irradiance of 450 mW/cm2 and manually polished in sequence by silicon carbide sandpapers with 1200 and 2000 grain size and finished with diamond paste and felt disc. The surface microhardness analysis was performed using a Shimadzu Micro Hardness Tester HMV-2,000 (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan) with a load of 50 gF and a 5 second penetration time. Surface roughness readings were taken using a Surf Corder Roughness Meter (SE 1700- Kosaka, Lisboa-Portugal). For data analysis, ANOVA (one-way) was used, followed by Tukey's post-test (?=0.05). The microhardness results showed a difference (p?0.05) in the means of the orthodontic resins between TPCC and TXT with the other groups. After the surface roughness analysis, the averages showed that TPCC resin showed higher roughness compared to OC and OCUV (p?0.05), and there was no statistical difference with TXT. It was concluded that statistically the composite resins with fluoride showed significant difference regarding hardness and roughness.

scholarly journals Does the temperature of beverages affect the surface roughness, hardness, and color stability of a composite resin?

2013 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duygu Tuncer ◽  
Emel Karaman ◽  
Esra Firat
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Hardness Values ◽  
Properties Of Composites

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the effect of beverages′ temperature on the surface roughness, hardness, and color stability of a composite resin. Materials and Methods: Fifty specimens of the Filtek Z250 composite (3M ESPE, Dental Products, St.Paul, MN, USA) were prepared and initial roughness, microhardness, and color were measured. Then the specimens were randomly divided into five groups of 10 specimens each: Coffee at 70°C, coffee at 37°C, cola at 10°C, cola at 37°C, and artificial saliva (control). After the samples were subjected to 15 min × 3 cycles per day of exposure to the solutions for 30 days, the final measurements were recorded. Results: After immersion in beverages, the artificial saliva group showed hardness values higher than those of the other groups (P < 0.001) and the microhardness values were significantly different from the initial values in all groups except for the control group. Both cola groups showed roughness values higher than the baseline values (P < 0.05), while the other groups showed values similar to the baseline measurements. When ΔE measurements were examined, the 70°C coffee group showed the highest color change among all the groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: High-temperature solutions caused alterations in certain properties of composites, such as increased color change, although they did not affect the hardness or roughness of the composite resin material tested.

scholarly journals Evaluation of surface roughness and color change of bovine enamel after immersion in dye solution

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Trentino ◽  
Larissa Marinho Azevedo ◽  
Felipe Fabrício Farias Da Silva ◽  
Maria Cristina Carvalho de Almedra Freitas ◽  
Marina Studart Alencar Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Miller Test

Aim: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of dye solution on enamel color change after bleaching protocols and the effectiveness in maintaining the color of these agents.Material and Methods: The buccal surfaces of sixty-five bovine incisors were cleaned and polished, and the enamel specimens were divided into thirteen groups: G1 to G6: treated with 6% hydrogen peroxide using different surface agents; G7 to G12: treated with 15% hydrogen peroxide using different surface agents; G13: control. After 24 hours, the groups treated were immersed in black tea solution; the control group was stored in artificial saliva. The color was evaluated prior to bleaching, 24 hours later and after immersion in the dye solution; the roughness was measured immediately after bleaching, 24 hours later and 7 days after immersion in the dye solution. The data was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Miller test for roughness analysis, and the Duncan test for color change analysis. It was used 5% significant level with p<0.05.Results: The data found in the evaluation of surface roughness after bleaching indicated a reduction of roughness in all the groups. The surface agent Bifluoride, when applied, showed an increase in roughness after its application and it decreases after immersion in dye solution; the surface agent Desensibilize and the XP Bond adhesive showed greater color alteration after immersion in dye solution.Conclusions: All the groups studied, under different whitening technique, were effective in promoting whitening.

The Wetting of Insect Cuticles by Water

1955 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. HOLDGATE
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Aquatic Species ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Calliphora Erythrocephala ◽  
Wetting Properties ◽  
Wide Range

1. The water contact angles of insects show a wide range of variation, which is broadly correlated with surface roughness and with habitat. 2. The contact angles of species inhabiting stored products or carrion are greatly modified by contamination. This produces large variations between apparently similar individuals. 3. In terrestrial insects surface roughness increases the contact angles to very large apparent values. Detailed analyses of its effect have been made in the pupa of Tenebrio molitor and the adult Calliphora erythrocephala. In some aquatic insects surface roughness leads to a reduction in the contact angles; this has been studied in the nymph of Anax imperator. 4. Prolonged immersion in water causes a lowering of the contact angles of all the insects examined, and the low angles of many aquatic species may therefore be the direct effect of their environment. In some aquatic species there is evidence of the active maintenance of a large contact angle during life. 5. Changes in contact angle accompany processes of cuticle secretion and will occur at any moult if changes in roughness or habitat take place. 6. The observed variations of surface properties can be explained without assuming any variation in the chemical composition of the cuticle surface. Wetting properties are of little value as indicators of cuticle surface composition. 7. The biological aspects of insect surface properties are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Sanding Processes on the Surface Properties of Modified Poplar Coated by Primer Compared with Mahogany

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingqing Liu ◽  
Di Gao ◽  
Wei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Equilibrium Contact Angle ◽  
Density Parameter ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Poplar Wood ◽  
Surface Pretreatment ◽  
Average Spacing

The surface roughness, static and dynamic liquid wettability of modified poplar wood were measured by different surface treatment of brushing primer and sanding. With the increase of the number of grinding paper, the depth parameters Ra, Ry, Rz and Rp of surface roughness of modified poplar decreased, and the density parameter Sm (the average spacing of micro unevenness of contour) decreased at first and then increased. With the increase of number of the grinding paper, the contact angle of water and glycerol for modified poplar wood decreased at first and then increased. After the modified poplar wood was brushed with the primer and sanded with 240# sandpaper, the density parameter Sm was 0.307, the equilibrium contact angle of distilled water was 34.88, and the equilibrium contact angle of glycerin was 36.46, all of which were the lowest number. At this time, the surface roughness was improved, and the modified poplar has the good wettability that is greater than the mahogany wood wettability. Compared with mahogany, the rough depth parameters of the modified poplar are smaller to those of mahogany, but the Sm of modified poplar wood is greater than that of the mahogany. After the same surface pretreatment, the wetting speed of glycerol on the surface of mahogany is higher than that of the modified poplar.

scholarly journals Mechanical and Surface Properties of Resilient Denture Liners Modified with Chitosan Salts

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 3518
Author(s):  
Maike Herla ◽  
Klaus Boening ◽  
Heike Meissner ◽  
Katarzyna Walczak
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Denture Stomatitis ◽  
Antifungal Properties ◽  
Denture Liners ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Chitosan (CS) and its derivatives show antibacterial and antifungal properties and could help treat and prevent denture stomatitis (DS). Mechanical and surface properties of resilient denture liners were evaluated when modified with CS salts. CS-hydrochloride (CS-HCl) and CS-glutamate (CS-G) were added to resilient denture liners Ufi Gel P and Coe-Soft at four different concentrations (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 1% w/w) from which specimens were produced, as well as a control group of each material with no added CS salt. Ten specimens per group (Ø 35 mm, height 6 mm) were manufactured. They were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for a total of 30 days (d). Shore A hardness (SHA) and surface roughness (Ra) were evaluated after 24 h (T1), 7 d (T2), 14 d (T3) and 30 d (T4). Kruskal–Wallis and U-test (Bonferroni-Holm adjusted) were used for statistical analysis (p ≤ 0.05). Ra increased significantly once CS salts were added. SHA increased significantly for some groups, but all specimens fulfilled requirements set by ISO 10139-2:2016. Modification with CS salts does not influence the mechanical properties of the modified resilient denture liners in a clinically relevant manner. Despite the increased roughness, the concept is suitable for further studies. Especially antimicrobial/antibiofilm studies are needed.

The effect of CH4/H2 ratio on the surface properties of HDPE treated by CHx ion beam bombardment

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (17) ◽  
pp. 1650214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanyu Ding ◽  
Yuanyuan Guo ◽  
Dongying Ju ◽  
Susumu Sato ◽  
Teruo Tsunoda
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Chemical Bond ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
High Density ◽  
Static Contact Angle ◽  
Structures And Properties ◽  
Static Contact

The surface of high density polyethylene (HDPE) substrate was bombarded by the CH[Formula: see text] group ion beam, which was generated by the mixture of CH4/H2. Varying the CH4/H2 ratio, HDPE surfaces with different chemical bond structures and properties were obtained. Raman and XPS results show that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] bond structures are formed at HDPE surface bombarded by CH[Formula: see text] group ions. The [Formula: see text] bond fraction at bombarded HDPE surface depends on the H2 ratio in CH4/H2 mixture, because the H ion/atom/molecule can improve the growth of [Formula: see text] bond structure. For HDPE surface bombarded by CH4/H2 = 50/50, [Formula: see text] bond fraction reaches the maximum of 30.5%, the surface roughness decreases to 17.04 nm, and the static contact angle of polar H2O molecule increased to 140.2[Formula: see text].

scholarly journals Varying the Polishing Protocol Influences the Color Stability and Surface Roughness of Bulk-Fill Resin-Based Composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Filipa Freitas ◽  
Teresa Pinheiro de Melo ◽  
António HS Delgado ◽  
Paulo Monteiro ◽  
João Rua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Control Surface ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Polishing Procedures

Surface properties of composites such as roughness and color impact periodontal health and aesthetic outcomes. Novel bulk-fill composites with improved functionality are being introduced and, in light of the existing variety of finishing/polishing procedures, research of their surface properties is warranted. Sixty discs were prepared from bulk-fill composites (Filtek™ Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative and Fill-Up™) and incremental-fill Filtek™ Z250. They were further divided according to different polishing procedures (n = 5): three multi-step polishing procedures or finishing with a bur (control). Surface roughness (Ra) was measured using an atomic force microscope (The AFM Workshop TT-AFM). A spectrophotometer (Spectroshade Micro Optic) was used to determine color stability, after exposure to a coffee solution. Data were analyzed using two-way MANOVA (significance level of 5%). Resin composite type, polishing procedure, and their interaction had a statistically significant effect on surface roughness (p < 0.001) and color change (p < 0.001). Fill-Up™ exhibited the highest surface roughness and greatest color change. Differences in color change were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Filtek™ Bulk Fill registered the lowest surface roughness and color change, after the three-step polishing procedure. Both parameters were significantly correlated (ρ = 0.754, p < 0.001) and found to be material dependent and polishing-procedure dependent. Higher surface roughness relates to greater color changes.

scholarly journals Effect of sports drinks on the surface properties of composite resins after prolonged exposure

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. e191651
Author(s):  
Daniella Cristo Santin ◽  
Fabiana Scarparo Naufel ◽  
Rafael Francisco Lia Mondelli ◽  
Adriano Piccolotto ◽  
Vera Lúcia Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Sports Drinks

Aim: Using dietary supplements may affect the properties of composite resins due to their acidic pH. The present in vitro study aimed to assess the surface roughness and color stability of two composite resins - nanohybrid (Empress Direct) and nanoparticulate (Filtek Z350) - after prolonged exposure to dietary supplements. Methods: We produced 30 specimens from each composite (8x2-mm discs) and divided them into six groups (n=10). After the initial measurement of the surface properties (roughness and color), we exposed the specimens to a degradation process in Maltodextrin and Whey Protein for 22.5 and 7.5 days, respectively, using deionized water as the control solution. At the end of 22.5 days, we reassessed the specimens. After verifying data normality with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, we performed ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test at 5%. Results: We found significant differences for materials immersed in the Whey Protein solution (p<0.05). The roughness of Empress Direct was higher (0.45+0.07) than Filtek Z350 (0.22+0.05). The composites tested also showed color change (ΔE>3.3) after the immersion period (p<0.001). In Maltodextrin, the Empress Direct group presented (4.52+1.23) and Filtek Z350 (4.04+0.66), while after immersion in Whey Protein, they showed (5.34+1.68) and (4.26+1.02), respectively. Conclusion: Sports drinks changed the surface roughness and color stability of the composite resins studied. The Filtek Z350 group showed lower color variation than the Empress Direct composite in both solutions evaluated.

Investigation of treated PEN foil surface properties for inkjet application

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
Aneta Araźna ◽  
Konrad Futera ◽  
Małgorzata Jakubowska ◽  
Łucja Dybowska-Sarapuk
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Glow Discharge ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Polyethylene Naphthalate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements ◽  
Afm Micrographs

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report surface properties of treated Teonex Du Pont polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) foil substrates. Design/methodology/approach – There were three different cleaning treatments among other: argon glow discharge, dipping into alkaline solution at 60°C as well as washing in an ultrasonic bath of acetone and ethyl alcohol in room temperature. The relation between PEN foil morphology and surface properties has been studied by contact angle measurements as well as evaluation of surface roughness of PEN foil samples by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Findings – It was found that argon glow discharge (T3) of PEN treatment caused the maximum reduction in both values of contact angles. In addition, the argon glow discharge yielded the highest PEN surface energy (51.9 mJ/m2) and polarity (0.89). On the other hand, the AFM micrographs showed that the samples T3 had the highest value of average and root mean square surface roughness. Based on the experiments results, the authors stated that the alkaline cleaning (T2 treatment) could be considered as an effective method of PEN substrate treatment. Originality/value – The influence of different cleaning treatment on the surface properties of PEN foil to inkjet application was analyzed. In the literature, there are not a lot of papers describing examinations of surface properties of PEN foil to inkjet application by contact angle measurements and AFM analysis.

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