scholarly journals Silvicultural contracting in British Columbia

1998 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 899-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sen Wang ◽  
Bill Wilson ◽  
G. C. van Kooten
Keyword(s):  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Public Expectations ◽  
Contractual Relationships ◽  
Payment Schemes ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Minor Activity

Over the past eight decades, British Columbia's silvicultural programs have gone through three stages: initiation, establishment and development. For a long time, silviculture was a minor activity associated with timber harvesting, and the formation of silviculture as a distinct sector did not take place until the late 1960s. Shifts in societal values and changes in public expectations concerning forest management contributed to changes in B.C.'s forestry institutions that, in turn, altered the structure of silviculture programs. Especially since the 1980s, expansion in the scope and scale of silvicultural activities transformed contractual relationships. This paper profiles the contractual structure of B.C.'s silviculture sector. Results of a survey of contractors indicate that seed orchards, forest nurseries and companies holding timber tenures on public land economize on transaction costs by choosing appropriate organizational and contractual forms in accordance with identifiable attributes of silvicultural activities and firms' characteristics. Key words: silviculture, contractual forms, transaction cost, payment schemes

Vom Forst zum Wald. Entwicklungstendenzen im naturnahen Waldbau | From a Production-Oriented Forest to a Multipurpose Forest. New Trends in Near-Natural Silviculture

1999 ◽  
Vol 150 (12) ◽  
pp. 484-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolf Hockenjos
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
The Other ◽  
Private Forest ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Great Demand ◽  
The Past ◽  
Forest Enterprises

Concepts of near-natural forestry are in great demand these days. Most German forest administrations and private forest enterprises attach great importance to being as «near-natural» as possible. This should allow them to make the most of biological rationalisation. The concept of near-natural forestry is widely accepted, especially by conservationists. However, it is much too early to analyse how successful near-natural forestry has been to date, and therefore to decide whether an era of genuine near-natural forest management has really begun. Despite wide-spread recognition, near-natural forestry is jeopardised by mechanised timber harvesting, and particularly by the large-timber harvester. The risk is that machines, which are currently just one element of the timber harvest will gain in importance and gradually become the decisive element. The forest would then be forced to meet the needs of machinery, not the other way round. Forests would consequently become so inhospitable that they would bear no resemblance to the sylvan image conjured up by potential visitors. This could mean taking a huge step backwards: from a near-natural forest to a forest dominated by machinery. The model of multipurpose forest management would become less viable, and the forest would become divided into areas for production, and separate areas for recreation and ecology. The consequences of technical intervention need to be carefully considered, if near-natural forestry is not to become a thing of the past.

scholarly journals Predicting Fraud Victimization Using Classical Machine Learning

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Mark Lokanan ◽  
Susan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Financial Knowledge ◽  
The Past ◽  
Machine Learning Model ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Regulatory Organization ◽  
Investment Fraud

Protecting financial consumers from investment fraud has been a recurring problem in Canada. The purpose of this paper is to predict the demographic characteristics of investors who are likely to be victims of investment fraud. Data for this paper came from the Investment Industry Regulatory Organization of Canada’s (IIROC) database between January of 2009 and December of 2019. In total, 4575 investors were coded as victims of investment fraud. The study employed a machine-learning algorithm to predict the probability of fraud victimization. The machine learning model deployed in this paper predicted the typical demographic profile of fraud victims as investors who classify as female, have poor financial knowledge, know the advisor from the past, and are retired. Investors who are characterized as having limited financial literacy but a long-time relationship with their advisor have reduced probabilities of being victimized. However, male investors with low or moderate-level investment knowledge were more likely to be preyed upon by their investment advisors. While not statistically significant, older adults, in general, are at greater risk of being victimized. The findings from this paper can be used by Canadian self-regulatory organizations and securities commissions to inform their investors’ protection mandates.

scholarly journals Sun Protection and Sunburn in Children Aged 1–10 Years in Germany: Prevalence and Determinants

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 668
Author(s):  
Tatiana Görig ◽  
Corinna Södel ◽  
Annette B. Pfahlberg ◽  
Olaf Gefeller ◽  
Eckhard W. Breitbart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Sun Protection ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
The Past ◽  
A Minor

Seeking shade, the use of textile sun protection and sunscreen, and protecting one’s eyes by wearing sunglasses are recommended sun protection measures in children. We aimed to quantify the use of these measures as well as the prevalence of sunburn in children aged 1 to 10 years in Germany and to identify their determinants. Data collected via telephone interviews in a nationwide sample of 554 parents or caregivers in family were analyzed. Use of sunscreen was the most common measure applied (77.8%), while sunglasses were least frequently used (12.5%). The prevalence of sunburn during the past year was 21.8%, and it was positively associated with children’s age. The use of sun protection measures was significantly associated with the age and skin color of the child, while characteristics and tanning behaviors of the caregivers only played a minor role. The use of sun protection measures was higher when caregivers perceived themselves as a role model (Odds Ratio (OR) = 4.33, p < 0.001). Our nationwide data show that there remains a need for the improved use of sun protection measures, especially in children aged 7 to 10 years. In educational material, parents should be encouraged to become positive role models for their children regarding sun protection.

Recent advances in storage and flooding theory

1969 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gani
Keyword(s):  
Queueing Theory ◽  
Applied Probability ◽  
The Past ◽  
Continuous Flows ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Queueing Processes ◽  
Theory Of Storage ◽  
Storage Processes

The theory of storage processes, originally formulated by Moran [1] in 1954, has developed in the past fourteen years into a minor subfield of Applied Probability, closely allied to queueing theory. While dam models with discrete inputs are analogous to queueing processes, the essentially continuous nature of water inflows has distinguished generalized storage processes from queues. Indeed, some of the most complex of storage problems have arisen in the case of continuous flows.

1993 Soichiro Honda Lecture: The Challenges of Change in the Auto Industry: Why Alternative Fuels?

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Auto Industry ◽  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
Alternative Fuel Vehicles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Entire Country ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Difficult Transition

Development of vehicles to operate on nonpetroleum fuels began in earnest in response to the energy shocks of the 1970s. While petroleum will remain the predominant transportation fuel for a long time, petroleum supplies are finite, so it is not too soon to begin the difficult transition to new sources of energy. In the past decade, composition of the fuel utilized in the internal combustion engine has gained recognition as a major factor in the control of emissions from the tailpipe of the automobile and the rate of formation of ozone in the atmosphere. Improvements in air quality can be realized by using vechicles that operate on natural gas, propane, methanol, ethanol, or electricity, but introduction of these alternative fuel vehicles presents major technical and economic challenges to the auto industry, as well as the entire country, as long as gasoline remains plentiful and inexpensive.

scholarly journals CYCLIC UNIVERSE AND INFINITE PAST

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (34) ◽  
pp. 2587-2592 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL H. FRAMPTON
Keyword(s):  
Null Geodesic ◽  
Infinite Length ◽  
Infinite Time ◽  
Cyclic Universe ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Time

We address two questions about the past for infinitely cyclic cosmology. The first is whether it can contain an infinite length null geodesic into the past in view of the Borde–Guth–Vilenkin (BGV) "no-go" theorem, The second is whether, given that a small fraction of spawned universes fail to cycle, there is an adequate probability for a successful universe after an infinite time. We give positive answers to both questions and then show that in infinite cyclicity the total number of universes has been infinite for an arbitrarily long time.

Long Time Coming: Prospects for Democracy in Iraq

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 115-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce E. Moon
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Democratic Transitions ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Experience ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Established Democracies

Prospects for democracy in Iraq should be assessed in light of the historical precedents of nations with comparable political experiences. Saddam Hussein's Iraq was an unusually extreme autocracy, which lasted an unusually long time. Since the end of the nineteenth century, only thirty nations have experienced an autocracy as extreme as Iraq's for a period exceeding two decades. The subsequent political experience of those nations offers a pessimistic forecast for Iraq and similar nations. Only seven of the thirty are now democratic, and only two of them have become established democracies; the democratic experiments in the other five are still in progress. Among the seven, the average time required to transit the path from extreme autocracy to coherent, albeit precarious, democracy has been fifty years, and only two have managed this transition in fewer than twenty-five years. Even this sober assessment is probably too optimistic, because Iraq lacks the structural conditions that theory and evidence indicate have been necessary for successful democratic transitions in the past. Thus, the odds of Iraq achieving democracy in the next quarter century are close to zero, at best about two in thirty, but probably far less.

Agent-based economic models and econometrics

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Heng Chen ◽  
Chia-Ling Chang ◽  
Ye-Rong Du
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Computational Finance ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Past ◽  
Stage Development ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Stages

AbstractThis paper reviews the development of agent-based (computational) economics (ACE) from an econometrics viewpoint. The review comprises three stages, characterizing the past, the present, and the future of this development. The first two stages can be interpreted as an attempt to build the econometric foundation of ACE, and, through that, enrich its empirical content. The second stage may then invoke a reverse reflection on the possible agent-based foundation of econometrics. While ACE modeling has been applied to different branches of economics, the one, and probably the only one, which is able to provide evidence of this three-stage development is finance or financial economics. We will, therefore, focus our review only on the literature of agent-based computational finance, or, more specifically, the agent-based modeling of financial markets.

scholarly journals THE FIRST INVESTIGATION OF AAC(6’)-Ib ENZYME IN CARBAPENEM-RESISTANT ENTEROBACTERIACEAE ISOLATED FROM INDONESIAN PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Beauty Novianty ◽  
Ella Amalia ◽  
Ziske Maritska ◽  
Yuwono Yuwono ◽  
Lusia Hayati
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Therapy Options ◽  
The Past ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Vitek 2 ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae

Background: Over the past decade, numbers of Carbapenemase Producing-Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CP-CRE) has been increasing worldwide and it has been becoming a threat because of its resistance against carbapenem which is considered as the “last resort” antibiotic. Therapy options for its infection are still limited. Aminoglycoside serves as one of the most commonly used antibiotics, but the resistance against it has already been presented for a long time. Aminoglycoside Modifying Enzyme (AME) is the most important resistance mechanism against aminoglycoside. AAC(6’)-Ib enzyme is one of the most common AME produced by the gram-negative bacteria.Objectives: This study wished to identify the gene of this enzyme among CRE isolated from infected Indonesian patients in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang.Methods: Twenty-eight isolates collected from CRE-infected patients identified by Vitek 2 Compact (bioMerieux, USA) in dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang during September—November 2017. AAC(6’)-Ib gene was identified using PCR method, then visualize by electrophoresis. The result is then analyzed by comparing it with a susceptibility test.  Results: Out of 28 samples, AAC(6’)-Ib is identified in 22 (78.57%) samples. Samples with AAC(6’)-Ib showed to be less resistant to various antibiotics, significantly to amikacin (p=0.023).Conclusion: AAC(6’)-Ib gene is found in most of samples implying its frequent occurrence in Indonesian patients.

scholarly journals Features of the clinical course of cardiovascular pathology on the background of thyrotoxicosis

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Course ◽  
Endemic Goiter ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Early Complications ◽  
Cardiovascular Pathology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cardiac Symptoms ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Frequent Absence

Relevance of the topicofthyroid diseases is duetothein crease in their number in the world and in Ukraine inparticular over the past 5 years, as well as the fact that the total frequency of various forms of thyroid pathology, even outside the zones of endemic goiter, is about 20% of the total morbidity. On the example of a clinical case, the question of diagnostics, management tactics and features of the clinical course of cardiovascular pathology on the background of thyrotoxicosis in the absence of adequate therapy for a long time are considered. Thyrotoxicosis leads to the occurrence of early complications of the cardiovascular system, which determine the further prognosis of the patient’s quality of life. The heart effects of Thyrotoxicosisare most dangerous for the elderly, and they (the heart effects of Thyrotoxicosis) often dominate the clinical picture in them (the elderly). Difficulties in their diagnosis are due, among other things, to the frequent absence of ophthalmopathy. When atrial fibrillation develops, the presence of cardiac symptoms may increase, indicating an accelerated development of heart failure. Therefore, the management of patients with cardiovascular disease on the background of thyrotoxicosis has its own peculiarities, which should be taken into account during treatment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document