scholarly journals Shark Finning Legislation and Shark Welfare. An Analysis of the Kristin Jacobs Ocean Conservation Act

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-110
Author(s):  
Rosa María Cajiga
Keyword(s):  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
The World ◽  
Shark Finning ◽  
Made In ◽  
Ocean Conservation

Thousands of sharks are cruelly killed worldwide every day due to the lucrative shark finning trade. This practice is negatively impacting marine life, as sharks are the greatest ocean predators and maintain the delicate balance of the marine ecosystem. Shark finning consists of removing the fins and discarding the rest. The sharks are alive during the process, and when tossed back into the water without fins they cannot swim, thus sinking to the depths where they asphyxiate and / or are devoured by other fish. The fins are primarily consumed in China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Asian communities elsewhere in the world for making shark-fin soup. Efforts to stop the practice of shark finning vary, ranging from demanding fisheries to bring sharks to land before removing the fins, to prohibiting the trade of shark products, to the total ban of shark fishing. Legislation varies significantly between countries and states, ranging from zero to absolute protection, whereby absolute means prohibiting the possession, sale, importation and exportation of shark fins. The economic implications of the shark-fin trade are considerable, which renders the application of laws and regulations very difficult. However, the increasing business of diving with sharks offers an alternative that shows us that the value of a living shark is far greater than when it is sold for parts. Analyzing legislation from the United States, as well as international legislation, aims to show its weakness when it comes to efforts to protect sharks, and in particular the application of the concept of shark welfare when legislating in their favor. The case study will focus on the Kristin Jacobs Ocean Conservation Act, investigating and analyzing the legal efforts made in the state of Florida (USA) to stop shark finning, and analyzing the legal implications for shark welfare. 

Shark Fin Regulations in the United States: Animal Welfare, Cultural, and Policy Considerations

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
John Chung-En Liu ◽  
Brandon Gertz ◽  
Naomi Newman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Chinese Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Policy Debate ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
Shark Finning

Sharks play critical roles in the marine ecosystem, and they face serious threats due to overfishing. Conservation efforts have focused on the consumption of shark fins, especially the “finning” practice that removes the fins of a shark and discards the carcass at sea. This article reviews the shark fin legislation in the United States, including the “finning ban” which outlaws finning practices and the “fin ban” that prohibits the use of shark fins entirely. Our case study specifically focuses on the animal welfare, cultural, and policy debates surrounding these bans. We discuss how and why shark finning is regarded as a cruel practice and whether shark fin bans discriminate against Chinese Americans. At the policy level, there is an ongoing policy debate whether a ban on shark fins in the United States would lead to increased protection of sharks or it would have little effect on the global trade. Due to the lack of detailed information on shark fisheries, the policy discussion is likely to persist. Although this case study focuses only on regulations on shark fins, we would like to emphasize that shark fin industry is not the only threat to sharks. Conservationists also need to consider other issues such as bycatch, habitat destruction, and a wider array of policy tools to protect sharks.

scholarly journals Successful Schools, Stagnant Education

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 144-152
Author(s):  
Saulat Pervez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Private Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Successful Schools ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Relevant Concept ◽  
The World

With so much focus on illiteracy, we sometimes forget the dire stateof affairs in our urban centers with regard to education. Educationin the Muslim world has increasingly regressed into an exercise ofrote learning, a mass of discrete knowledge, and a frenzied race towardwhat we deem “useful” skills. By showing the ground realityin private education in Karachi, Pakistan, this article strives to highlightthe cyclical and future-oriented trends in schools that are inimicalto the very spirit of education. In doing so, it emphasizes theneed to adopt thinking as the primary skill taught to students inschools, with everything else encompassed within its fold. WhileKarachi is a case study here, the importance of creating thinkingcultures within schools is a crucial and very relevant concept toschools everywhere in the world, including the United States.

INTERNATIONAL FOOD AND NUTRITION PROGRAMS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
L. J. Filer ◽  
Lewis A. Barness ◽  
Richard B. Goldbloom ◽  
Malcolm A. Holliday ◽  
Robert W. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Food ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
Food Problem ◽  
The World ◽  
Made In

Workers in the pediatric field have recognized that undernutrition is of major importance in developing countries around the world and have expressed interest in the extent to which efforts have been made in the United States to deal with this problem. This report attempts to bring together information from a wide variety of sources and to summarize the considerable efforts that have been made in dealing with these problems of undernutrition. It may provide a basis for future planning and involvement on the part of those concerned with solutions for the food problems abroad as well as the application of experience with them to situations in this country. The vital importance of nutrition was forcefully described by the President's Science Advisory Committee in its 1968 report on the "World Food Problem." The principal findings and conclusions reached were stated as follows: 1. the scale, severity, and duration of the world food problem are so great that a massive, long-range, innovative effort unprecedented in human history will be required to master it; 2. the solution of the problem that will exist after about 1985 demands that programs of family planning and population control be initiated now. The food supply is critical for the immediate future; 3. food supply is directly related to agricultural development and, in turn, agricultural development and overall economic development are critically interdependent in the hungry countries; and 4. a strategy for attacking the world food problem will, of necessity, encompass the entire foreign economic assistance effort of the United States in concert with other developed countries, voluntary institutions, and international organizations.

The Women of the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe Reservation

2019 ◽  
pp. 87-104
Author(s):  
Claradina Soto ◽  
Toni Handboy ◽  
Ruth Supranovich ◽  
Eugenia L. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Indigenous Women ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cheyenne River

This chapter describes the impact of colonialism on indigenous women with a focus on the experience of the Lakota women on the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe Reservation in South Dakota. It explores the experiences of indigenous women as related to history, culture, intrapersonal violence, and internalized oppression. A case study of a Lakota woman is provided as an example of strength and triumph in overcoming adversity and being empowered despite the challenges of marginalization faced by many Native Americans in the United States and indigenous women throughout the world. The chapter discusses how readers can be advocates and actively engage in decolonizing and dismantling systems of oppression to protect future generations and to allow indigenous communities to heal and revitalize.

Henry Carter Adams: A Case Study in the Emergence of the Social Sciences in the United States, 1850–1900

1968 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Coats
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Academic Profession ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
European Counterpart

Few scholars would nowadays question the importance of the United States in the world of learning; but the process whereby that nation attained its present eminence still remains obscure. Among the cognoscenti, it is generally acknowledged that American scholarship had come of age by the early 1900s, whereas fifty years earlier there had been only a handful of American scholars and scientists of international repute, and the country's higher education lagged far behind its European counterpart. Yet despite the recent popularity of intellectual history and research in higher education, which has produced a veritable flood of publications touching on various aspects of this theme, the heart of the process—the emergence of the academic profession—is still inadequately documented and imperfectly understood.

Revisiting Business Historians and the Internet

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-181
Author(s):  
K. Austin Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Electronic Mail ◽  
World Wide ◽  
The United States ◽  
Business History ◽  
The Internet ◽  
American Business ◽  
Graphical Interface ◽  
The World ◽  
Made In

During the 1996 annual meeting of the Business History Conference, a session on the World Wide Web attracted considerable attention from curious members (see Business and Economic History 25 [Fall 1996]: 46—54). The Internet was then somewhat of an infant, and most of us, just becoming accustomed to the speed and convenience of electronic mail, were barely aware of the opportunities afforded by the then-new graphical interface known as the Web. No more! At least not in the United States, where advertisers bombard us with their Internet addresses and news accounts inform us of vast fortunes made in new Internet ventures that have not yet turned a profit. There is, in short, a “dot.com” revolution occurring in American business. It is also happening, albeit more slowly, in scholarly and educational circles.

The Importance of Being Florentine: A Journey around the World for Wax Anatomical Venuses

Nuncius ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Paolo de Ceglia
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
Anatomical Models ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
19Th Century History ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Made In

AbstractThis article reconstructs the 19th century history of events regarding a few female wax anatomical models made in Florence. More or less faithful copies of those housed in Florence's Museum of Physics and Natural History, these models were destined for display in temporary exhibitions. In their travels through Europe and the United States, they transformed the expression "Florentine Venus" into a sort of brand name used to label and offer respectability to pieces of widely varying quality.

scholarly journals Expert Group on Antarctic Biodiversity Informatics: Coordinating the state-of-the-art internationally for biodiversity informatics in Antarctica

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Chen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Steering Committee ◽  
Expert Group ◽  
Biodiversity Informatics ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Antarctic Species ◽  
The World

Biodiversity informatics have emerged as a key asset in wildlife and ecological conservation around the world. This is especially true in Antarctica, where climate change continues to threaten marine and terrestrial species. It is well documented that the polar regions experience the most drastic rate of climate change compared to the rest of the world (IPCC 2021). Research approaches within the scope of polar biodiversity informatics consist of computational architectures and systems, analysis and modelling methods, and human-computer interfaces, ranging from more traditional statistical techniques to more recent machine learning and artificial intelligence-based imaging techniques. Ongoing discussions include making datasets findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable (FAIR) (Wilkinson et al. 2016). The deployment of biodiversity informatics systems and coordination of standards around their utilization in the Antarctic are important areas of consideration. To bring together scientists and practitioners working at the nexus of informatics and Antarctic biodiversity, the Expert Group on Antarctic Biodiversity Informatics (EG-ABI) was formed under the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). EG-ABI was created during the SCAR Life Sciences Standing Scientific Group meeting at the SCAR Open Science Conference in Portland Oregon, in July 2012, to advance work at this intersection by coordinating and participating in a range of projects across the SCAR biodiversity science portfolio. SCAR, meanwhile, is a thematic organisation of the International Science Council (ISC), which is the primary entity tasked with coordinating high-quality scientific research on all aspects of Antarctic sciences and humanities, including the Southern Ocean and the interplay between Antarctica and the other six continents. The expert group is led by an international steering committee of roughly ten members, who take an active role in leading related initiatives. Currently, researchers from Australia, Belgium, the United Kingdom, Chile, Germany, France, and the United States are represented on the committee. The current steering committee is comprised of a diverse range of scientists, including early-career researchers and scientists that have primary focuses in both the computational and ecological aspects of Antarctic biodiversity informatics. Current projects that are being coordinated or co-coordinated by EG-ABI include the SCAR/rOpenSci initiative, which is a collaboration with the rOpenSci community to improve resources for users of the R software package in Antarctic and Southern Ocean science. Additionally, EG-ABI has contributed to the POLA3R project (Polar Omics Linkages Antarctic Arctic and Alpine Regions), which is an information system dedicated to aid in the access and discovery of molecular microbial diversity data generated by Antarctic scientists. Furthermore, EG-ABI has trained and helped collate additional species trait information such as feeding and diet information, development, mobility and their importance to society, documented through Vulnerable Marine Ecosystem (VME) indicator taxa, in The Register of Antarctic Species (http://ras.biodiversity.aq/), and the comprehensive inventory of Antarctic and Southern Ocean organisms, which is also a component of the World Register of Marine Species (https://marinespecies.org/). The efforts highlighted are only some of the projects that the expert groups have contributed to. In our presentation, we discuss the previous accomplishments of the EG-ABI from the perspective of a currently serving steering committee member and outline its state in the status quo including collaborations and coordinated activities. We also highlight opportunities for engagement and the benefits for various stakeholders in terms of interacting with EG-ABI on multiple levels, within the SCAR ecosystem and elsewhere. Developing consistent and practical standards for data use in Antarctic ecology, in addition to fostering interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral collaborations for the successful deployment of conservation mechanisms, are key to a sustainable and biodiverse Antarctica, and EG-ABI is one of the premier organizations working towards these aims.

scholarly journals Adolescent Psychiatry in Britain: A Personal View of Its Development and Present Position

1984 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 230-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Parry-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Personal View ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
The World ◽  
State Of Affairs

The importance of the adolescent life period, from 10 to 19 years, is evident increasingly in all cultures of the world. The short, ritualized transition from childhood to adulthood, which has been characteristic of some cultures, is giving way to more prolonged periods as the pattern of Western industrialized society spreads to other parts of the world. The mental health problems of adolescents are attracting increasing attention since they have long-term social and economic implications. In Europe and the United States, epidemiological surveys indicate a high prevalence of psychiatric disorders in teenagers. At all times in the community there is a large group of adolescents who are a source of concern because of their misbehaviour and apparent unhappiness. Nevertheless, adolescents world-wide have received relatively less medical and psychiatric attention than other age groups and specialized services, professional training and research are poorly developed. This is the state of affairs in many European countries and there are grounds for concern about the present state of adolescent psychiatry in Britain, in terms of both its clinical services and its professional development and status.

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