scholarly journals ON THE ROLE OF HISTOMORPHOMETRIC (STEREOLOGICAL) MICROSTRUCTURE PARAMETERS IN THE PREDICTION OF VERTEBRAE COMPRESSION STRENGTH

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leszek Karol Wojnar ◽  
Aneta Gądek-Moszczak ◽  
Jacek Pietraszek
Keyword(s):  
Compression Strength ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Microstructure Parameters

The well-documented relation between bone mineral density (BMD) and bone compression strength constitutes the basis for osteoporosis diagnostics and the assessment of fracture risk. Simultaneously, this relation demonstrates a considerable scatter of results as bones of identical mineral density may have significantly different properties. The experimentally confirmed theorem that two materials or tissues of identical microstructure have identical properties leads to the evaluation of various quantitative stereological parameters (also referred to in biomedicine as histomorphology). These parameters, obtained from analysis of 2D or 3D images, have been used in numerous attempts to explain changes in bone strength. Although numerous correlation dependencies, often with high correlation coefficients, were evaluated, we do not know which parameters are worth evaluating, and there is no physical interpretation of these relations. An extended statistical analysis was accomplished on the basis of analysis of 3D images from 23 lumbar (L3) vertebrae scanned with micro-CT and the results of subsequent compression tests. A new parameter called SDF (structure destruction factor) was proposed in order to characterise the quality of 3D trabecular structures, and its significance was demonstrated. The final correlation function, which uses only three stereological parameters, made it possible to predict compression strength with considerable precision. The estimated values correlated very well with the apparent values (correlation coefficient r=0.96). Finally, the stereological parameters most suitable for characterisation of bone compression strength were chosen and a mechanism responsible for the changes in mechanical properties was proposed. The results obtained defined the necessary improvements in diagnostic techniques that would allow for more efficient quantitative microstructure evaluation and guidelines on how to improve treatment of patients with weakened bones.

Detecting and Tracking Changes of Morphologies and Mechanical Characteristics in the Lumbar Vertebrae of OVX Rats Using RP Technique and Micro-FE Method

2006 ◽  
Vol 321-323 ◽  
pp. 1078-1081
Author(s):  
Dae Gon Woo ◽  
Han Sung Kim ◽  
Chang Yong Ko ◽  
Beob Yi Lee ◽  
Gye Rae Tack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Compression Test ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Fe Method ◽  
Ovx Rats

In the present study, changes of morphologies and mechanical characteristics in the lumbar vertebrae of the ovariectomised (OVX) rats were investigated and analyzed by Finite Element (FE) and Rapid-Prototyped (RP) models based on micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). In previous researches, there were many studies about morphology such as bone mineral density and trabecular microstructure. However, detecting and tracking local changes were few in the trabecular and cortical bone of the lumbar vertebrae for the OVX rats. Experimental and simulated studies were used to investigate mechanical characteristics of the lumbar vertebral bones for the OVX rats. Three dimensional (3D) geometries of the models (RP and FE models), generated from in-vivo micro-CT scan data, were obtained from the 4th lumbar of the OVX rats. Three specimens (whole vertebral, trabecular and cortical bone models) were generated and analyzed in the simulated compression tests. For further verification, the experimental compression test for RP models ‘instead of real bone specimens’ was performed to indirectly validate the results of the simulated compression test for the FE models. The results were similar to those of the compression test simulated by micro-FE analysis. The present study showed the efficiency of the combined method (FE and RP techniques based on in-vivo micro-CT) as a nondestructive evaluation.

scholarly journals CONDITION OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM IN PATIENTSWITH ACROMEGALY.

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
A S Fedotova ◽  
N N Molitvoslovova ◽  
L I Alekseeva ◽  
L Ya Rozhinskaya ◽  
A. S. Fedotova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Locomotor Apparatus ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Additional Therapy

Despite the relatively low incidence of acromegaly (60-70 cases per I million inhabitants), this disease has a special place among the heterogeneous group of diseases that lead to the defeat of the locomotor apparatus. The slow growth of the clinical manifestations of acromegaly and as a consequence, late diagnosis, the cause of early disability and premature death of patients. In order to improve the quality of life and social adaptation of patients to date is an obvious need to identify groups of patients with acromegaly, requiring additional therapy for osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. We performed the search in bibliographic bases MEDLINE and Cochrane Collaboration from 2000 on 2009. Key words were the following: acromegaly, acromegaly and arthropathy, osteoporosis and acromegaly, the bone mineral density and acromegaly, fractures and acromegaly. In this article the data about role of risk factors for the defeat ofosteoarticular apparatus, the dynamics of the articular syndrome and the state of bone tissue in acromegaly.

scholarly journals The Potential Role of Wedololactone in Treating Particle-induced Osteolysis _A Mouse Calvarial Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Chang Lu ◽  
Ting-Kuo Chang ◽  
Tzu-Chiao Lin ◽  
Shu-Ting Yeh ◽  
Hsu-Wei Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Total Joint Replacement ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Potential Treatment ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Clinical Complications ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Osteolysis is one of the most prevalent clinical complications of total joint replacement (TJR). Wedelolactone (WDL) is a coumestan compound derived from the Wedelia chinensis plant and has been demonstrated to exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to investigate the use of WDL as a potential treatment for reducing the risk of particle-induced osteolysis using a well-established particle-induced mice calvarial disease model. Methods: Thirty-two C57BL/6J mice were randomized into four groups: sham, polystyrene particles (PS), PS particles with WDL treatment for 4 weeks (WDL 4w) and PS particles with WDL treatment for 8 weeks (WDL 8w). Micro-CT was used to quantitatively analyze the bone mass. Osteoclast numbers were also measured from histological analysis. Results: The results showed that bone mineral density was significantly higher in the WDL 8w group than in the PS group (p < 0.05), and both the WDL 4 and WDL 8w groups had lower osteoclast numbers (p < 0.05). No significant difference in osteoclast number was found between the WDL 4w and WDL 8w groups. Conclusions: These results support the use of WDL as a herbal medicine for reducing the severity of particle-induced osteolysis after TJR.

scholarly journals Quantitative analysis of metal artefacts of dental implant in CBCT image by correlation analysis to micro-CT: A microstructural study

2020 ◽  
pp. 20200365
Author(s):  
Chang-Ki Min ◽  
Kyoung-A Kim
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Dental Implant ◽  
Alpha Angle ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Microstructural Parameters ◽  
Metal Artefacts ◽  
Cbct Image

Objectives: Quantification of dental implant metal artefacts in CBCT images using correlation analysis of trabecular microstructural parameters from CBCT and micro-CT, and analysis of the effect of varying the angular position of the subject. Methods: Polyurethane synthetic bone blocks were first scanned without implants by micro-CT and CBCT. Two dental implants were then placed parallel in the bone blocks and these specimens were scanned by CBCT with different alpha angles. Three volumes of interest (VOI) were set for further analysis. Six microstructural parameters were measured: trabecular thickness (TbTh), trabecular spacing (ThSp), bone volume per total volume (BV/TV), bone surface per total volume (BS/TV), connectivity density (CD) and fractal dimension (FD). Micro-CT measurements were used as a gold standard for CBCT. Spearman correlation coefficients for each microstructural parameter from CBCT and micro-CT were calculated and compared using Steiger’s Z test. Results: Without the implants, in VOI1, the Spearman correlation coefficients of TbTh, TbSp, BV/TV, BS/TV, CD and FD were 0.599, 0.76, 0.552, 0.566, 0.664 and 0.607, respectively. With the implants, the correlation coefficients decreased sharply in VOI1. As the alpha angle increased from zero to 90°, the correlation coefficients increased and became significant. Similar results appeared in VOI2. In contrast, in VOI3, the correlation coefficient decreased as the alpha angle increased. Conclusions: Metal artefacts were successfully quantified using microstructural parameters in terms of the image quality of the CBCT. Changes in alpha angle affected the quality of the CBCT image.

scholarly journals Increased frequency of Th17 cells and IL-17 levels are associated with low bone mineral density in postmenopausal women

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hetal Bhadricha ◽  
Vainav Patel ◽  
Amit Kumar Singh ◽  
Lalita Savardekar ◽  
Anushree Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Th17 Cells ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Ovariectomized Mice ◽  
The Difference

AbstractOsteoporosis is one of the chronic and often neglected bone diseases in aging postmenopausal women that affect the quality of life. Studies on ovariectomized mice models indicated the reciprocal role of Th17 cells and Treg cells in the aetiology of osteoporosis. While Th17 cells promote osteoclastogenesis, Treg cells exhibit anti-osteoclastogenic activity. This exploratory study aimed to determine the difference in the frequency of these T-cell subtypes in pre-and postmenopausal women and to examine their association with BMD. In our study, the frequency of Treg cells, analyzed by flow cytometry, did not differ between pre-and postmenopausal women. However, plasma levels of IL-10 along with IL-10+CD4+T cells were higher in post- compared to premenopausal women. The frequency of Th17 cells was higher in postmenopausal women irrespective of their BMD, however, only postmenopausal women with low BMD had elevated IL-17 levels and their T-scores were associated with Th17 frequency. Collectively, the results suggest that estrogen insufficiency in postmenopausal women may lead to increased Th17 cell frequency and elevated IL-17 levels which are associated with low BMD. This study highlights, Th17 cells and IL-17 as key players in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and they can be the potential targets for immunotherapy in the treatment of osteoporosis.

Biomarkers of Osteoporosis: An Update

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 895-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bushra Parveen ◽  
Abida Parveen ◽  
Divya Vohora
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone Score ◽  
Wnt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Bone Fragility ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Hormonal Imbalance ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Turnover Markers ◽  
Risk Biomarkers

Background: Osteoporosis, characterized by compromised bone quality and strength is associated with bone fragility and fracture risk. Biomarkers are crucial for the diagnosis or prognosis of a disease as well as elucidating the mechanism of drug action and improve decision making. Objective: An exhaustive description of traditional markers including bone mineral density, vitamin D, alkaline phosphatase, along with potential markers such as microarchitectural determination, trabecular bone score, osteocalcin, etc. is provided in the current piece of work. This review provides insight into novel pathways such as the Wnt signaling pathway, neuro-osseous control, adipogenic hormonal imbalance, gut-bone axis, genetic markers and the role of inflammation that has been recently implicated in osteoporosis. Methods: We extensively reviewed articles from the following databases: PubMed, Medline and Science direct. The primary search was conducted using a combination of the following keywords: osteoporosis, bone, biomarkers, bone turnover markers, diagnosis, density, architecture, genetics, inflammation. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and intervention delay the development of disease and improve treatment outcome. Therefore, probing for novel biomarkers that are able to recognize people at high risk for developing osteoporosis is an effective way to improve the quality of life of patients and to understand the pathomechanism of the disease in a better way.

scholarly journals Nutraceutical Compounds as Sensitizers for Cancer Treatment in Radiation Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Calvaruso ◽  
Gaia Pucci ◽  
Rosa Musso ◽  
Valentina Bravatà ◽  
Francesco P. Cammarata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Damage ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Nutraceutical Compounds ◽  
Treatment Plans

The improvement of diagnostic techniques and the efficacy of new therapies in clinical practice have allowed cancer patients to reach a higher chance to be cured together with a better quality of life. However, tumors still represent the second leading cause of death worldwide. On the contrary, chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT) still lack treatment plans which take into account the biological features of tumors and depend on this for their response to treatment. Tumor cells’ response to RT is strictly-connected to their radiosensitivity, namely, their ability to resist and to overcome cell damage induced by ionizing radiation (IR). For this reason, radiobiological research is focusing on the ability of chemical compounds to radiosensitize cancer cells so to make them more responsive to IR. In recent years, the interests of researchers have been focused on natural compounds that show antitumoral effects with limited collateral issues. Moreover, nutraceuticals are easy to recover and are thus less expensive. On these bases, several scientific projects have aimed to test also their ability to induce tumor radiosensitization both in vitro and in vivo. The goal of this review is to describe what is known about the role of nutraceuticals in radiotherapy, their use and their potential application.

scholarly journals Caregiving, Pain, and Dementia: Evaluating the Role of Coping and Adaptation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 785-785
Author(s):  
Sheria Robinson-Lane ◽  
Xingyu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Black Family ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dementia Caregivers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pain Outcomes ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Multiple Health

Abstract Pain is a stressor that can negatively influence quality of life for caregivers. Dementia caregivers have an increased risk for stress-related health outcomes including death. Few studies have examined the relationships between pain and coping-related outcomes for dementia caregivers. In the present study, Black family caregivers (n=56) completed a survey inclusive multiple health and coping measures. In addition to descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficients were completed. 33% of caregivers experienced moderate to severe pain. The majority of participants with pain (72%) also had hypertension and were obese (69%). Pain intensity was significantly correlated with anxiety (p=.001). Effective coping and adaptation was correlated with perceived social support (p=.002) and perceived positive aspects of caregiving (p=.0.027). The primary coping strategies used by caregivers with chronic pain included spiritual coping, information gathering, reliance on past experiences, and maximizing resource use. Improving pain outcomes for caregivers may benefit both caregivers and persons with dementia.

130: Role of Calcium Intake on Bone Mineral Density in Rostate Cancer Patients Under Androgen Deprivation Therapy

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 41-42
Author(s):  
Anna Orsola ◽  
Jacques Planas ◽  
Carlos Salvador ◽  
José M. Abascal ◽  
Enrique Trilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Androgen Deprivation Therapy ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Androgen Deprivation ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Rostate Cancer

Cognitive Health Counseling 40+

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Eschen ◽  
Franzisca Zehnder ◽  
Mike Martin
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Pilot Phase ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Health Counseling ◽  
Agents Of Change ◽  
Main Outcome Variable ◽  
Further Development

This article introduces Cognitive Health Counseling 40+ (CH.CO40+), an individualized intervention that is conceptually based on the orchestration model of quality-of-life management ( Martin & Kliegel, 2010 ) and aims at improving satisfaction with cognitive health in adults aged 40 years and older. We describe the theoretically deduced characteristics of CH.CO40+, its target group, its multifactorial nature, its individualization, the application of subjective and objective measures, the role of participants as agents of change, and the rationale for choosing participants’ satisfaction with their cognitive health as main outcome variable. A pilot phase with 15 middle-aged and six older adults suggests that CH.CO40+ attracts, and may be particularly suitable for, subjective memory complainers. Implications of the pilot data for the further development of the intervention are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document