scholarly journals Yield and some quality traits of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain as influenced by the application of different rates of nitrogen

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Harasim ◽  
Marian Wesołowski
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Soil Complex ◽  
Basic Quality ◽  
The University

A field study was conducted in the period 2004–2007 at the Czesławice Experimental Farm, belonging to the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, on loess-derived grey brown podzolic soil (good wheat soil complex). This study determined the effect of two levels of nitrogen fertilization on yield and the basic quality traits of grain of the winter wheat cultivar ‘Muza’. The study results show the dependence of the grain quality characters mainly on variable weather conditions throughout the study period and to a lesser extent on the level of nitrogen fertilization. Good technological parameters were obtained in the seasons with low rainfall and high air temperature. The study also demonstrated that the higher rate of nitrogen tended to have a positive effect on total protein and wet gluten content, falling number, sedimentation value, and grain test weight. In spite of the lack of significant differences, the quality of gluten was found to decrease with the increasing rate of nitrogen.

scholarly journals The contribution of yield components in determining the productivity of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Harasim ◽  
Marian Wesołowski ◽  
Cezary Kwiatkowski ◽  
Paweł Harasim ◽  
Mariola Staniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Spike Density ◽  
The University ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

<p>The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of different growth regulator rates and nitrogen fertilization levels on yield components and to evaluate their influence on winter wheat productivity. A field experiment with winter wheat ‘Muza’ was conducted at the Czesławice Experimental Farm, belonging to the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland over the period 2004–2007. In this experiment, the effect of the studied factors on yield and its components was primarily dependent on weather conditions during the study period.</p><p>An increase in nitrogen rate from 100 to 150 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> in 2005 and 2007 had a significant effect on the increase in grain yield per unit area. In 2005, the grain yield rose through increased spike density (by 6.3%) and a higher number of grains per spike (by 1.6%). The 1000-grain weight decreased the grain yield per unit area (by 0.04 t ha<sup>−1</sup>). In 2007, the higher yield of wheat fertilized with nitrogen at a rate of 150 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> was positively affected by all the three yield components. The statistical analysis of the results showed that the winter wheat grain yields were also significantly affected by the retardant rates applied depending on the year.</p>

scholarly journals Growth and clorophyll content dynamics of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in different cropyear

2013 ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Enikő Vári
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Crop Rotation System ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

The experiments were carried out at the Látókép experimental station of the University of Debrecen on chernozem soil in a long term winter wheat experiment in the season of 2011 and 2012 in triculture (pea-wheat-maize) and biculture (wheat-maize) at three fertilisation levels (control, N50+P35K40, N150+P105K120). Two different cropyears were compared (2011 and 2012). The research focused on the effects of forecrop and fertilisation on the Leaf Area Index, SPAD values and the amount of yield in two different cropyears. We wanted to find out how the examined parameters were affected by the cropyear and what the relationship was between these two parameters and the changes of the amount of yield. Examining the effects of growing doses of fertilizers applied, results showed that yields increased significantly in both rotations until the N150+PK level in 2011 and 2012. By comparing the two years, results show that in 2011 there was a greater difference in yields between the rotations (7742 kg ha-1 at N150+PK in the biculture and 9830 kg ha-1 at N150+PK in the triculture). Though wheat yields following peas were greater in 2012, results equalized later on at N150+PK levels (8109–8203 kg ha-1). Due to the favorable agrotechnical factors, the leaf and the effects of the treatments grown to a great extent in 2011, while in 2012 the differences between treatments were moderate. Until the N150+PK level, nitrogen fertilisation had a notable effect on the maximum amount of SPAD values (59.1 in the case of the biculture and 54.0 in the triculture). The highest SPAD values were measured at the end of May (during the time of flowering and grain filling) in the biculture. In the triculture, showed high SPAD values from the beginning. The same tendency could be observed in the 2012 cropyear, although increasing doses of fertilizers resulted in higher SPAD values until N150+PK level only from the second measurement. Maximum SPAD values were reached at the end of May in both crop rotation system

scholarly journals Uptake of mineral nitrogen from subsoil by winter wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 377-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Haberle ◽  
P. Svoboda ◽  
J. Krejčová
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Fully Depleted

The apparent uptake of mineral nitrogen (N<sub>min</sub>) from top- and subsoil layers during the growth of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was studied in Prague-Ruzyne on clay loam Chernozem soil in years 1996&ndash;2003. Two (N0,&nbsp;N1) and three treatments, unfertilized (N0), fertilized with 100 kg (N1) and 200 kg (N2) nitrogen per hectare were observed in years 1996&ndash;2000 and 2001&ndash;2003, respectively. The apparent uptake of nitrogen from soil layers was calculated from the changes of N<sub>min</sub> content between sampling terms. Most of available mineral N in the soil down to 90 cm was almost fully depleted between tillering and anthesis in treatment N0. The uptake from subsoil layers was delayed and it continued during the period of grain filling in fertilized treatments. Nitrogen fertilization reduced utilization of N from subsoil. The apparent uptake of N from the zone 50&ndash;120 cm ranged from 21 to 62&nbsp;kg&nbsp;N/ha in&nbsp;N0 and from 15 to 60 kg N/ha in N1 in years 1996&ndash;2000. In years 2001&ndash;2003 the corresponding values (50&ndash;130&nbsp;cm) were 24&ndash;104 kg, 43&ndash;130 kg and 29&ndash;94 kg N/ha in treatments N0, N1 and N2, respectively. The uptake from 120&nbsp;(130)&ndash;150 cm was around zero in a half of experimental years, and it reached at maximum 12 kg/ha in N0 in 1997. There was a strong linear relation between the amount of N<sub>min</sub> in spring and the depletion of nitrogen from the zone 50&ndash;120 (130) cm, R<sup>2 </sup>= 0.94, 0.91 and 0.99 in N0, N1 and N2, respectively.

scholarly journals The variability of the trait thickness of the straw second internode (TS-2M) of soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) of different origin

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
V. M. Tishchenko ◽  
O. M. Dinets
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Different Origin

Aim. Detailed examination of different studies showed that the thickness of the straw second internode of soft winter wheat is not sufficient investigated. Methods. The article presents the results of an experiment for the study of the formation and the variability of the trait thickness of the straw second internode (TS-2M) in different soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties and breeding lines. There are forty one wheat varieties of different origin presented in this study. Results. It was established that the trait TS-2M significantly correlated with the main yield traits. Therefore, the selection of productive genotypes in the selection process based on TS-2M is effective. Conclusions. The statistical analysis of winter wheat varieties based on the trait TS-2M showed that the level of formation and variability of this trait is genetically determined. Keywords: winter wheat, the second internode (ТS-2М), genetic coefficient of variation (CV%).

scholarly journals The effect of nitrogen fertilization on root distribution of winter wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No, 7) ◽  
pp. 308-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Svoboda ◽  
J. Haberle
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
N Treatment

The effect of nitrogen fertilization on root length (RL) distribution of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was investigated. The study was conducted in Prague-Ruzyne on clay loam Chernozemic soil in the years 1996&ndash;2003. Two (N0, N1) and three (N0, N1, N2) treatments, unfertilized (N0), fertilized with 100 kg (N1) and 200 kg N/ha (N2) were studied in 1996&ndash;2000 and 2001&ndash;2003, respectively. Nitrogen rate 100 kg/ha had no effect on RL in soil layers (P &gt; 0.1) in years 1996&ndash;2000 and 2002&ndash;2003 and there was not significant interaction between N treatment and soil layer except for year 1998 (P &lt; 0.01). Nitrogen fertilization affected RL distribution significantly (P = 0.013) only in 2001 due to reduction of root growth in subsoil layers in treatment N2 (200 kg N/ha) in comparison with N0 and N1. The effect of N fertilization on total RL in rooted soil volume was insignificant. There was a significant effect of year on total RL (P &lt; 0.01) but not of interaction of year and N treatment. Roots reached, with the exception of two years, the depth between 100 and 130 cm. Nitrogen fertilization (N1) had no effect (P = 0.59) on rooting depth (RD) in years 1996&ndash;2000 but there was a significant effect of interaction between year and N fertilization on RD (P&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;0.01). In the second experimental series (2001&ndash;2003) N fertilization rate 200 kg N/ha significantly reduced maximum RD (P &lt; 0.01) in comparison with N0 and N1. The year had highly significant effect on RD.

Characteristics of winter bread wheat lines developed with the use of spelt wheat

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
I.P. Diordiieva
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Remote Hybridization ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Wheat Spike

Aim. To create bread wheat lines with valuable economic and biological traits as initial breeding material by hybridization of Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum spelta L. Results and Discussion. The study was conducted at Uman NUH. Bread wheat accessions were created by remote hybridization and multiple individual selections. Hybrid offspring F2–5 was analyzed for expression of economically valuable characteristics. In the 5th generation (F5), the best specimens were selected and tested in 2012–2018 (F5–F10). Bread winter wheat variety Podolianka was used as a check variety. The systematic method of arranging plots of 10 m2 was used. The plots were arranged in blocks with a density of 400,000 plants/ha in 5 replications. Biometric measurements were carried out on 50 plants selected from each plot in 2 non-adjoining replications. After observations and measurements, grain was threshed, and the yield capacity was determined. The significance of the study results was evaluated as Ye. R. Ermantraut et al. described (2000).The developed accessions differed in expression of economically valuable traits. The plant height varied within 52–112 cm. Middle and short forms were selected. The gluten content varied within 27.5–38.1 %. The lines were grouped according to the spike shape into 5 different morphotypes: speltoids, forms with a typical bread wheat spike, square heads, subcompactoids and compactoids. Short square head accession 1689 and accession 1692 with a typical bread wheat spike were distinguished by several economically valuable features. Conclusions. Remote hybridization of bread winter wheat with spelt enabled developing over 500 bread wheat lines. Forms combining high performance and high grain quality were selected, in particular accession 1689 containing 32.4 % of gluten, 15.8 % of protein and giving a yield of 7.19 t/ha. Hybridization of bread wheat with spelt created variety Artaplot included in the State Register of Plant Varieties suitable for dissemination in Ukraine in 2019.

Variability in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Grain Yield Response to Nitrogen Fertilization in Long-Term Experiments

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-412
Author(s):  
Peter Omara ◽  
Lawrence Aula ◽  
Jagmandeep S. Dhillon ◽  
Fikayo Oyebiyi ◽  
Elizabeth M. Eickhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Long Term Experiments

Influence of long-term nitrogen fertilization on micronutrient density in grain of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongli Shi ◽  
Yueqiang Zhang ◽  
Xinping Chen ◽  
Qinping Sun ◽  
Fusuo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L

scholarly journals Effect of topdressing with nitrogen on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ducsay ◽  
O. Ložek
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
Wheat Grain

Small-plot field experiments were established in the first decade of October at the Plant Breeding Station of Sl&aacute;dkovičovo-Nov&yacute; dvor with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), variety Astella. There was investigated an effect of topdressing with nitrogen on the yield of winter wheat grain and its quality characteristics in the experiment. Nitrogenous fertilizers were applied at the growth phase of the 6<sup>th</sup> leaf (Zadoks = 29). Soil of the experimental stand was analysed for inorganic nitrogen content (N<sub>an</sub>) down to the depth of 0.6 m of soil profile. Productive nitrogen fertilizing rate was computed to ensure N<sub>an</sub> content in soil on the level of 120 and140 kg N/ha, respectively. Three various forms of fertilizers were examined, urea solution, ammonium nitrate with dolomite, and DAM-390. Different weather conditions statistically highly, significantly influenced grain yield in respective experimental years. Topdressing with nitrogen caused a statistically highly significant increase of grain yield in all fertilized variants ranging from +0.35 to +0.82 t/ha according to respective treatments. Average grain yield in unfertilised control variant represented 7.23 t/ha. Nitrogen nutrition showed a positive effect on the main macroelements offtake (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S) by winter wheat grain in all fertilized variants. Nitrogen fertilizing to the level of 140 kg/ha N in soil positively influenced formation of wet gluten and crude protein with highest increment in variant 5 (solution of urea) representing +12.8 and +10.7%, respectively in comparison to control unfertilised variant as well as to variant 2 (solution of urea and fertilizing on the level of120&nbsp;kg N/ha) where increments represented +8.8 and 9.7%, respectively. Thousand-kernel weight, volume weight and portion of the first class grain were not markedly influenced by nitrogen fertilizing.

Orientation of microbiological processes in the Triticum aestivum L. rhizosphere under conditions of seed bacterization by a complex of microbial preparations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Yu. Egovtseva ◽  
◽  
T.N. Melnichuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Wheat Rhizosphere ◽  
Microbiological Processes ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Southern Chernozem

The aim of our research was to study the effect of presowing bacterization by a complex of microbial preparations (CMP) in various farming systems on the biological activity of the Triticum aestivum L. rhizosphere of southern Chernozem in the Crimean steppe. The three-year study proved the possibility of intensification and normalization of the microbiological status of the winter wheat rhizosphere using resource-saving technologies. The most pronounced effect of the complex of microbial preparations on the microbiological processes of the winter wheat rhizosphere was revealed in adverse weather conditions.

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