scholarly journals Populations of parasitic nematodes colonizing Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Zapałowska ◽  
Andrzej Tomasz Skwiercz
Keyword(s):  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Helianthus Tuberosus ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Aphelenchus Avenae ◽  
Ditylenchus Dipsaci ◽  
Aphelenchoides Fragariae ◽  
Foliar Pathogens

The populations of parasitic nematodes colonizing the rhizosphere of <em>Helianthus tuberosus</em> L. grown in Polish plantations were studied in the summer of 2016 and the spring of 2017. A total of 35 nematode species were identified: <em>Paratrichodorus pachydermus</em>, <em>Trichodorus cylindricus</em>, <em>T. viruliferus</em>, <em>Longidorus attenuatus</em>, <em>L. elongatus</em>, <em>L. leptocephalus</em>, <em>Criconema annuliferum</em>, <em>Criconemoides informis</em>, <em>Mesocriconema rusticum</em>, <em>M. solivagum</em>, <em>M. xenoplax</em>, <em>Paratylenchus nanus</em>, <em>P. neoamblycephalus</em>, <em>P. projectus</em>, <em>Bitylenchus dubius</em>, <em>B. maximus</em>, <em>Merlinius brevidens</em>, <em>M. nothus</em>, <em>Scutylenchus quadrifer</em>, <em>S. tartuensis</em>, <em>Helicotylenchus digonicus</em>, <em>H. pseudorobustus</em>, <em>H. vulgaris</em>, <em>Rotylenchus pumilus</em>, <em>R. robustus</em>, <em>Pratylenchus crenatus</em>, <em>P. fallax</em>, <em>P. neglectus</em>, <em>Hirschmanniella gracilis</em>, <em>Aphelenchoides fragariae</em>, <em>Aphelenchus avenae</em>, <em>A. eremitus</em>, <em>Ditylenchus dipsaci</em>, and <em>D. medicaginis</em>. <em>Aphelenchoides fragariae</em> and <em>Ditylenchus dipsaci</em> could be foliar pathogens of <em>H. tuberosus</em> L. This is the first study to demonstrate the presence of <em>A. fragariae</em> on the leaves of the Jerusalem artichoke in Poland. The frequencies of occurrence and population densities of the 35 nematode species were determined.

scholarly journals The Effect of Edaphic Factors on the Similarity of Parasitic Nematodes in the Soil Sampled in Nurseries of Ornamental Trees and Shrubs

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Chałańska ◽  
Gabriel Łabanowski
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Thuja Occidentalis ◽  
Aphelenchus Avenae ◽  
Ornamental Trees ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

AbstractThe largest faunistic similarity of nematodes was found in soils sampled in coniferous nurseries where arborvitae (Thuja occidentalis - Cupressaceae), spruces (Picea spp. - Pinaceae) and pines (Pinus spp. - Pi-naceae) were grown. In soil sampled from deciduous tree and shrub nurseries, similar species composition of parasitic nematodes was found in stands of oaks (Quercus spp. - Fagaceae), black locusts (Robiniapseudo-acacia - Fabaceae) and maples (Acer spp. - Sapindaceae). In soils, especially the light and medium, from stands of coniferous and deciduous trees and shrubs, Aphelenchus avenae was often isolated. Bitylenchus dubius occurred in both types of nurseries, particularly in light soils. The largest faunistic similarities between nematodes isolated from places of growth of coniferous and deciduous plants were recorded in soils of loamy sand and sandy loam. The most abundant nematode species and the greatest similarity in species of plant parasitic nematodes were observed in soils with neutral pH or slightly acidic. Aphelenchus avenae was found in soil samples collected from both coniferous and deciduous plants, with no relation to soil acidity.

Prevalence of plant parasitic nematodes associated with rice in Ghana with a discussion of their importance

Nematology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-405
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Coyne ◽  
Richard A. Plowright ◽  
Joe Twumasi ◽  
David J. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Species ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Agroecological Zones ◽  
Rice Ecosystems ◽  
Savannah Zone ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract A survey of plant parasitic nematodes of rice was made in Ghana between 1994-1997. Fifty-one species in 29 genera were found in 145 fields from upland, hydromorphic, rainfed lowland and irrigated lowland ecosystems in the savannah and forest agroecological zones. Eighteen species were endoparasites of roots. In upland/hydromorphic rice fields in the savannah zone Pratylenchus spp. (80% of fields) and an undescribed species of Ditylenchus (78%) were most prevalent, whilst Coslenchus franklinae (84%) and Helicotylenchus spp. (76%) were most prevalent in the forest zone fields. Maximum population densities encountered were 960 C. franklinae per 100 ml soil and 700 Ditylenchus n. sp. per g root. In the savannah zone Hirschmanniella spp. (100%) were more prevalent than other nematodes in lowland rice, but in the forest zone Xiphinema bergeri (71%) was the most prevalent nematode in lowland rice. Occurrence of nematode species was different in different agroecological zones and rice ecosystems. There was no relationship between rice plant height and nematode population densities in crops close to harvest time in upland/hydromorphic fields in the savannah zone. Predominance des nematodes phytoparasites sur le riz au Ghana et discussion sur leur importance - Une prospection concernant les nematodes associes au riz a ete effectuee au Ghana de 1994 a 1997. Cinquante-et-une especes appartenant a 29 genres ont ete trouvees dans 145 rizieres de plateau, de bas-fonds, pluviales ou irriguees, tant en savane que dans des zones agroecologiques forestieres. Dix-huit especes sont des endoparasites racinaires. Dans les rizieres de plateau ou de bas-fonds en zone de savane Pratylenchus spp. (80% des rizieres) et une espece non encore decrite de Ditylenchus (78%) sont les plus abondants, tandis que Coslenchus franklinae (84%) et Helicotylenchus spp. (78%) le sont dans les rizieres de zone forestiere. Les densites maximales de population observees concernent C. franklinae (960 per 100 cm3 de sol) et Ditylenchus n. sp. (700 per 1 g de racines). Hirschmanniella spp. etaient plus abondants (100 %) que les autres nematodes dans les rizieres de bas-fonds de savane, tandis c'etait Xiphinema bergeri (71%) dans ce meme type de rizieres en zones forestieres. La presence des differentes especes de nematodes varie suivant la zone agroecologique et l'ecosysteme de la riziere. Il n'y a pas de relation entre la hauteur des plants de riz et la densite des populations de nematodes pour des cultures proches de la recolte dans les rizieres de plateau ou de bas-fonds situees en savane.

scholarly journals Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Are Potential Pathogens of Miscanthus × giganteus and Panicum virgatum Used for Biofuels

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tesfamariam Mekete ◽  
Kimberly Reynolds ◽  
Horacio D. Lopez-Nicora ◽  
Michael E. Gray ◽  
Terry L. Niblack
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Damage Threshold ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
Plant Parasitic

A survey of Miscanthus × giganteus and switchgrass plots throughout the midwestern and southeastern United States was conducted to determine the occurrence and distribution of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with these biofuel crops. During 2008, rhizosphere soil samples were collected from 24 Miscanthus × giganteus and 38 switchgrass plots in South Dakota, Iowa, and Illinois. Additional samples were collected from 11 Miscanthus × giganteus and 10 switchgrass plots in Illinois, Kentucky, Georgia, and Tennessee the following year. The 11 dominant genera recovered from the samples were Pratylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Xiphinema, Longidorus, Heterodera, Hoplolaimus, Tylenchorhynchus, Criconemella, Paratrichodorus, Hemicriconemoides, and Paratylenchus. Populations of Helicotylenchus, Xiphinema, and Pratylenchus were common and recorded in 90.5, 83.8, and 91.9% of the soil samples from Miscanthus × giganteus, respectively, and in 91.6, 75, and 83.3% of the soil samples from switchgrass, respectively. Prominence value (PV) (PV = population density × √frequency of occurrence/10) was calculated for the nematodes identified. Helicotylenchus had the highest PV (PV = 384) and was followed by Xiphinema (PV = 152) and Pratylenchus (PV = 72). Several of the nematode species associated with the two biofuels crops were plant parasites. Of these, Pratylenchus penetrans, P. scribneri, P. crenatus, Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus, Hoplolaimus galeatus, X. americanum, and X. rivesi are potentially the most damaging pests to Miscanthus × giganteus and switchgrass. Due to a lack of information, the damaging population thresholds of plant-parasitic nematodes to Miscanthus × giganteus and switchgrass are currently unknown. However, damage threshold value ranges have been reported for other monocotyledon hosts. If these damage threshold value ranges are any indication of the population densities required to impact Miscanthus × giganteus and switchgrass, then every state surveyed has potential for yield losses due to plant-parasitic nematodes. Specifically, Helicotylenchus, Xiphinema, Pratylenchus, Hoplolaimus, Tylenchorhynchus, Criconemella, and Longidorus spp. were all found to have population densities within or above the threshold value ranges reported for other monocotyledon hosts.

scholarly journals Hyalorbilia oviparasitica Clade Detected in Field Soils Cropped to Sugar Beets and Enriched in the Presence of Heterodera schachtii and a Host Crop

2020 ◽  
pp. PHYTOFR-07-20-0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Witte ◽  
Jiue-in Yang ◽  
Geoffrey D. Logan ◽  
Nicole B. Colindres ◽  
Beth B. Peacock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Species ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Imperial Valley ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Its Sequence Analysis ◽  
Swiss Chard

This study endeavored to test two hypotheses: (i) Hyalorbilia oviparasitica and related species (H. oviparasitica clade) will be detected in sugar beet fields in California’s Imperial Valley and (ii) the population densities of these fungi will increase in the presence of their nematode host (Heterodera schachtii) and a host plant of this nematode. The H. oviparasitica clade includes potent hyperparasites of sedentary stages of plant-parasitic nematodes, which have the ability to substantially suppress the population densities of several endoparasitic nematode species. In this study, 21 of 25 Imperial Valley soils cropped to sugar beets harbored members of the H. oviparasitica clade. The population densities of these fungi increased, on average, approximately 10,000-fold in the presence of H. schachtii and its host Swiss Chard over one nematode generation. An rRNA ITS sequence analysis showed that members of the H. oviparasitica clade were the dominant group of fungi associated with H. schachtii females derived from these soils. These results provide evidence supporting the hypotheses. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

scholarly journals The Predation Behaviour of Fictor composticola on Parasitic Nematodes of Button Mushroom, Agaricus bisporus

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 751-758
Author(s):  
Nishi Keshari ◽  
◽  
R. S. Kanwar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Mushroom Compost ◽  
Button Mushroom ◽  
Feeding Duration ◽  
Aphelenchus Avenae ◽  
Juvenile Stages

In this study, the predation behaviour of male and female predatory nematode, Fictor composticola, was studied on five prey nematode species, Aphelenchus avenae, Aphelenchoides swarupi, Ditylenchus myceliophagus, Bursilla sp. and Panagrolaimus sp., found in the white button mushroom compost. The period of the study is of six months. The data recorded on number of encounters, part of the body of prey attacked, stage of the prey attacked, duration of feeding etc. The strike rate and prey susceptibility were calculated. The average number of encounters on all the five preys done by female F. composticola was 3.0 and that of the male was 6.0. Male F. composticola had more number of encounters on the prey nematode species than the females. Both the sexes preferred juvenile stages over adults as prey. The most attacked part by both females and males predator, was the posterior part of the prey body. In 80% of cases, female predators fed on the first encountered prey while males attacked the first encountered prey in 30% of cases only. The strike rate of female F. composticola was more (78.6%) than the male (48.2%). Mycophagous nematodes were more susceptible to predator’s attack than the microbivorous nematodes. The strike rate of the predator on different prey nematode species was found more on mycophagous nematodes than on microbivorous nematodes and minimum on Panagrolaimus sp. The average feeding duration of female F. composticola was 8 min and 31 sec and in the case of males it was 4 min and 11 sec.

scholarly journals Symbiosis of the millipede parasitic nematodes Rhigonematoidea and Thelastomatoidea with evolutionary different origins

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiya Nagae ◽  
Kazuki Sato ◽  
Tsutomu Tanabe ◽  
Koichi Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Ecological Relationships ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Host Parasite

Abstract Background How various host–parasite combinations have been established is an important question in evolutionary biology. We have previously described two nematode species, Rhigonema naylae and Travassosinema claudiae, which are parasites of the xystodesmid millipede Parafontaria laminata in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Rhigonema naylae belongs to the superfamily Rhigonematoidea, which exclusively consists of parasites of millipedes. T. claudiae belongs to the superfamily Thelastomatoidea, which includes a wide variety of species that parasitize many invertebrates. These nematodes were isolated together with a high prevalence; however, the phylogenetic, evolutionary, and ecological relationships between these two parasitic nematodes and between hosts and parasites are not well known. Results We collected nine species (11 isolates) of xystodesmid millipedes from seven locations in Japan, and found that all species were co-infected with the parasitic nematodes Rhigonematoidea spp. and Thelastomatoidea spp. We found that the infection prevalence and population densities of Rhigonematoidea spp. were higher than those of Thelastomatoidea spp. However, the population densities of Rhigonematoidea spp. were not negatively affected by co-infection with Thelastomatoidea spp., suggesting that these parasites are not competitive. We also found a positive correlation between the prevalence of parasitic nematodes and host body size. In Rhigonematoidea spp., combinations of parasitic nematode groups and host genera seem to be fixed, suggesting the evolution of a more specialized interaction between Rhigonematoidea spp. and their host. On the other hand, host preference of Thelastomatoidea spp. was not specific to any millipede species, indicating a non-intimate interaction between these parasites and their hosts. Conclusions The two nematode superfamilies, Rhigonematoidea and Thelastomatoidea, have phylogenetically distinct origins, and might have acquired xystodesmid millipede parasitism independently. Currently, the two nematodes co-parasitize millipedes without any clear negative impact on each other or the host millipedes. Our study provides an example of balanced complex symbioses among parasitic nematodes and between parasitic nematodes and host millipedes, which have been established over a long evolutionary history.

scholarly journals Influence of Asclepias syriaca on soil nematode communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Michaela Jakubcsiková ◽  
Andrea Čerevková ◽  
Marek Renčo
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Species ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Trophic Groups ◽  
Asclepias Syriaca ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Structure Of Communities ◽  
Aphelenchus Avenae ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil Nematode Communities

Abstract The main goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of the invasive common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) on soil nematode communities. The research was carried out in 2018 and 2019 in an ecosystem of permanent grassland in the basin of the Laborec River in land registries of Drahňov, a Vojany village in southeastern Slovakia. The ecosystem contained a total of 64 species of free-living and parasitic nematodes. The most prevalent trophic groups were bacterial feeders (Acrobeloides nanus), followed by plant parasites (Helicotylenchus digonicus and Pratylenchus pratensis), fungal feeders (Aphelenchus avenae), and omnivores (Eudorylaimus carteri). The number of nematode species, the composition of trophic groups and the structure of communities in areas with invasive plants were similar to those in areas with native vegetation during the two years of observation.

scholarly journals VARIABILTY AND STABILTY OF TUBER YIELD OF JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE (Helianthus tuberosus L.) / VARIABILIDAD Y ESTABILIDAD DEL RENDIMIENTO DE TUBERCULOS DEL TOPINAMBO / VARIABILITÉ ET STABILITÉ DU RENDEMENT DU TUBERCULE DE TOPINAMBUR

Helia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (35) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janoš Berenji ◽  
Vladimir Sikora
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Tuber Size ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Tuber Number ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Helianthus Tuberosus ◽  
Variety Trial ◽  
Stable Performance ◽  
The Stability

SUMMARYThe objective of this paper was to estimate the genetic and ecological variation as well as the stability of tuber yield per plant, tuber number per plant and tuber size of Jerusalem artichoke based on the results of a variety trial carried out with 20 different Jerusalem artichoke varieties during the period of 1994-2000. Significant genetic as well as ecologycal variation was observed for all of the traits studied. The most promissing varieties showing high tuber yield combined with high yield stability were “BT-4”, “Violet Rennes” and “UKR 4/ 82”. It is encouraging that the highest yielding varieties exibited a rather stable performance over environments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document