scholarly journals Pre-treatment lost to follow-up tuberculosis patients, Chongwe, Zambia, 2017: a retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
M. Chilembo ◽  
S. Oguri ◽  
Y. Matsuoka ◽  
M. Ota ◽  
P. Musiankuni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

Setting: Four tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic health facilities of the Chongwe District, Zambia.Objective: To determine the frequency of bacteriologically confirmed TB patients lost to follow-up (LTFU) before treatment from January to December 2017.Design: This is a retrospective cohort study involving the review of TB registers. Information on presumptive TB patients who tested positive either by smear microscopy or Xpert® MTB/RIF assay was extracted from the laboratory TB registers of the TB diagnostic facilities and cross-matched with the TB treatment registers of TB treatment facilities.Results: Two hundred and seventeen bacteriologically confirmed TB patients were found in the laboratory TB registers. Of these, 145 (67%) were males and seven (3%) were children; 177 (81%) patients were diagnosed using Xpert, while the remaining 40 (19%) were diagnosed using sputum smear microscopy. A total of 71 (33%) were not linked to treatment. Those diagnosed using smear microscopy were 2.5 times (95% CI 1.1–5.3) more likely to be LTFU before treatment than those diagnosed using Xpert.Conclusion: About one third of TB patients who were not linked to treatment could potentially extend the duration of bacilli transmission in their communities. National TB control programmes should consider including LTFU patients before treatment in routine monitoring and evaluation.

scholarly journals Pre-treatment loss to follow-up among patients with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in Baluchistan, Pakistan, 2012-17: a retrospective cohort study

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoaib Aziz Kurd ◽  
Ahmed Wali ◽  
Razia Fatima ◽  
Aashifa Yaqoob ◽  
Dawood Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
Group 15 ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

Background: Patients with rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB) pretreatment loss to follow-up continue to be a global health challenge. Although the accuracy of diagnosis significantly increased with the implementation of Xpert MTB/RIF assay, which is a rapid molecular based test and more sensitive than conventional microscopy which detects MTB even present in small limit of 136 MTB/ml of sputum, but still data suggest a wide treatment initiation gap among diagnosed. This study was done to assess the proportion of patients with RR-TB pretreatment lost to follow-up and the socio-demographic factors associated with this in Balochistan, Pakistan. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study based on review of the routinely managed program records. The data included all patients with RR-TB detected at Fatima Jinnah Chest & General Hospital Quetta and District Head Quarter Hospital Loralai, Xpert sites and enrolled at programmatic management of drug resistant TB (PMDT) sites during 2012-2017. Data collected was double-entered, validated and analyzed using EpiData. Results: Of the 396 patients with RR-TB detected during 2012-17, 78 (19.8%) underwent pre-treatment lost to follow-up. The mean age of those detected with RR-TB was 37 years (SD ±16.98); 189 (48%) were of age group 15-34, while 60% were female. Among 84 individuals referred out to other facilities, only 6 started treatment. Almost half of the ‘pretreatment lost to follow-up’ patients were from age group 15-34, while 43 were from within the Quetta and Loralai districts. Conclusions: The high proportion of patients with RR-TB that were pre-treatment lost to follow-up in Balochistan needs immediate strategies to establish linkages between Xpert and PMDT sites for the timely management of patients to prevent the spread of RR-TB infection.

Status and Determinants of Treatment Outcomes Among New Tuberculosis Patients in South Korea: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 101053952110005
Author(s):  
Hyunjin Son ◽  
Jeongha Mok ◽  
Miyoung Lee ◽  
Wonseo Park ◽  
Seungjin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

This is a retrospective cohort study using notification data in South Korea. We evaluated the nationwide status, regional differences, and the determinants of treatment outcomes among tuberculosis patients. Treatment success rate improved from 77.0% in 2012 to 86.0% in 2015. The lost to follow-up rate was higher among older people, males, and foreign nationals. Health care facilities designated for the Public-Private Mix (PPM) project showed higher success rate and lower rate of lost to follow-up. Moreover, municipalities with low regional deprivation index had higher PPM project coverage. Since there is a large regional difference in the coverage of the PPM project, an additional community-based support program should be implemented, especially for tuberculosis patients residing in region with low PPM project coverage.

Treatment Outcomes of Childhood Tuberculosis in Three Districts of Balochistan, Pakistan: Findings from a Retrospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abid Abdullah ◽  
Nafees Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Atif ◽  
Shereen Khan ◽  
Abdul Wahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
P Value ◽  
Childhood Tb ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

Abstract Background This study aimed to evaluate treatment outcomes and factors associated unsuccessful outcomes among pediatric tuberculosis (TB) patients (age ≤14 years). Methods This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at three districts (Quetta, Zhob and Killa Abdullah) of Balochistan, Pakistan. All childhood TB patients enrolled for treatment at Bolan Medical Complex Hospital (BMCH) Quetta and District Headquarter Hospitals of Zhob and Killa Abdullah from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2018 were included in the study and followed until their treatment outcomes were reported. Data were collected through a purpose developed standardized data collection form and analyzed by using SPSS 20. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Out of 5152 TB patients enrolled at the study sites, 2184 (42.4%) were children. Among them, 1941 childhood TB patients had complete medical record were included in the study. Majority of the study participants were <5 years old (66.6%) and had pulmonary TB (PTB; 65%). A total of 45 (2.3%) patients were cured, 1680 (86.6%) completed treatment, 195 (10%) lost to follow-up, 15 (0.8%) died, 5 (0.3%) failed treatment and 1 (0.1%) was not evaluated for outcomes. In multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, treatment at BMCH Quetta (OR = 25.671, p-value < 0.001), rural residence (OR = 3.126, p-value < 0.001) and extra-PTB (OR = 1.619, p-value = 0.004) emerged as risk factors for unsuccessful outcomes. Conclusion The study sites collectively reached the World Health Organization’s target of treatment success (>85%). Lost to follow-up was the major reason for unsuccessful outcomes. Special attention to patients with identified risk factors for unsuccessful outcomes may improve outcomes further.

scholarly journals The Impact of Universal Test and Treat Program on Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy Outcomes (Coverage, Adherence and Lost to Follow Up) at Wangaya Hospital in Denpasar, Bali-Indonesia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Ketut Suryana
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Universal Test And Treat ◽  
High Adherence ◽  
Lost To Follow Up ◽  
The Impact

Background: World Health Organization (WHO) (2015) recommended that all people diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive initiate Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy (HAART) immediately (less than a week), irrespective of CD4 count (Universal Test and Treat / UTT) Program. Objective: To evaluate the impact of UTT as a current therapeutic program on HIV treatment outcomes, coverage, adherence, and lost to follow-up (LTFU) at Wangaya Hospital in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Methods: A Retrospective cohort study was conducted during July 2017 - June 2018 (Pre-UTT) and September 2018 – August 2019 (Post-UTT). Around 402 medical records were selected, reviewed, and enrolled. Data were analyzed using SPSS software for windows version 24.0. Bivariate analysis (Chi-square test) was performed on all variables with a statistically significant t level of 0.05. Results: Among 4,322 new visitors; 3,585 (82.95%) agreed to take HIV test and 402(11.21%) were confirmed HIV reactive. Most participants confirmed HIV reactive occured at age 25-34 years old and 230 (57.21%) were male. The majority education level were primary (Junior high school) 302(75.12%), 379(94.28%) were employed and 281 (69.90%) stayed in Denpasar. About 350 (87.06%) received HAART, 298 (85.14%) with high adherence and 52 (14.86%) LTFU. Pre-UTT, HAART coverage; 83.03% (181), were statistically significant increased to 91.85% (169) post UTT (p=0.000). High adherence pre-UTT; 79.56% (144) was significantly increased to 91.12% (154) post UTT (p=0.006) and LTFU were significantly decreased; 20.44% (37) to 8.87% (15) (p=0.006). Conclusion: UTT program significantly improve the HIV treatment outcome (increased coverage, adherence, and decreased LTFU).

Traditional Chinese Medicine Could Increase the Survival of People Living with HIV in Rural Central China: A Retrospective Cohort Study, 2004–2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (06) ◽  
pp. 1333-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yantao Jin ◽  
Huijun Guo ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Xiumin Chen ◽  
Ziqiang Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

A retrospective cohort study was conducted to explore the effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in treating people living with HIV (PLHIV) by comparing the survival of PLHIV treated with TCM and without TCM. To identify prognostic factors that affect the survival of PLHIV, patients who enrolled in the national TCM HIV treatment trial program (NTCMTP) in October 2004 and PLHIV in the same region who did not enroll in the NTCMTP were compared. Participants were followed up to October 2012. Survival time was estimated through the Kaplan–Meier method, and hazard ratios to identify prognostic factors were computed through Cox proportional hazard models. A total of 3,229 PLHIV (1,442 in the TCM therapy group and 1,787 in the non-TCM therapy group) were followed up for 21,876 person-years. In this time period, 751 (23.3%) died and 209 (6.5%) were lost to follow-up, for an overall mortality rate of 3.43/100 person-years. In the TCM therapy group, 287 (19.0%) died and 139 (9.7%) were lost to follow-up, and in the non-TCM therapy group, 464 (26.0%) PLHIV died and 70 (3.9%) were lost to follow-up. The mortality rate in the TCM therapy group was 2.97/100 person-years, which was lower than the rate of 3.79/100 person-years in the non-TCM therapy group. The 8-year cumulative survival in the TCM therapy group was 78.5%, lower than the 74.0% survival in the non-TCM therapy group. After adjusting for other factors, risk factors of death included male gender, older age, less education, taking combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) at enrollment, not taking cART at follow-up, and lower CD4 + T cell counts. Our retrospective cohort study indicates that TCM increased the survival and lengthened the lifetime of PLHIV in Henan Province of China. However, the limitations of a retrospective cohort could have biased the study, so prospective studies should be carried out to confirm our primary results.

scholarly journals Pioglitazone use and Parkinson’s disease: a retrospective cohort study in Taiwan

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. e023302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiu-Feng Wu ◽  
Li-Ting Kao ◽  
Jui-Hu Shih ◽  
Hui-Han Kao ◽  
Yu-Ching Chou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

ObjectivesMany researchers have expected pioglitazone to serve as an effective neuroprotective agent against Parkinson’s disease (PD). Therefore, we conducted this cohort study to investigate the association between pioglitazone use and PD by using a large Asian population-based dataset in Taiwan.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTaiwan.Participants7906 patients with diabetes who had received pioglitazone were defined as the study cohort, and 7906 matched patients with diabetes who had not received pioglitazone were defined as the comparison cohort.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe tracked each patient individually over a 5-year follow-up period to identify those diagnosed as having PD during this period. We performed Cox proportional hazard regression analyses to evaluate the HRs for PD between the study and comparison cohorts.ResultsThe findings indicated that among the sampled patients, PD occurred in 257 (1.63%): 119 (1.51%) pioglitazone users and 138 (1.75%) non-users. The adjusted HR for PD within the follow-up period was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.68 to 1.18) in the patients who had received pioglitazone compared with the matched patients who had not received pioglitazone. Moreover, this study revealed that pioglitazone use was not associated with PD incidence in men (HR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.71 to 1.59) or women (HR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.61 to 1.15).ConclusionsThis study did not find the relationship between pioglitazone use and PD incidence, regardless of sex, among an Asian population of patients with diabetes.

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