scholarly journals Neighborhood-Level Predictors of Obesity Among African American Children in California

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uche Onyeka
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Neighborhood Safety ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Neighborhood Walkability ◽  
Parental Educational Level ◽  
American Children ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Neighborhood Level

The increased prevalence of childhood obesity is a major public health concern nationally and globally. Childhood obesity is primarily caused by the imbalance between caloric intake and caloric expenditure; however, its increase over the past decades may be due to environmental and behavioral factors. The purpose of the current study was to examine if any relationships existed between childhood obesity, level of physical activity, and neighborhood-level risk factors. This study used the California Health Interview Survey 2009–2014 data sets for African American children aged 5–11 years (<em>n </em>= 1,049). The dependent variable was body mass index (BMI) while the predictors included physical activity, neighborhood, walkability, support, safety, and the presence of parks. Potential confounds were gender and parental education level. Chi-square tests were used to evaluate the associations between BMI and age, educational attainment, neighborhood walkability, physical activity, built environment, neighborhood support, and neighborhood safety. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between BMI and physical activity; parental educational level; presence of parks, playground, or open spaces; neighborhood walkability; neighborhood safety; neighborhood support; and gender while adjusting for other known risk factors. Low physical activity levels were a significant risk factor for increased obesity. No associations were discovered between childhood obesity and neighborhood safety; parental educational level; presence of parks, playgrounds, or open spaces; neighborhood walkability; neighborhood safety; neighborhood support; and gender. This study reinforces the relationship between environmental policy and physical activity.

Examining Public Open Spaces by Neighborhood-Level Walkability and Deprivation

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 818-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah M. Badland ◽  
Rosanna Keam ◽  
Karen Witten ◽  
Robin Kearns
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Neighborhood Walkability ◽  
Public Open Space ◽  
Deprived Neighborhoods ◽  
Safety Features ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Neighborhood Level ◽  
Public Open Spaces

Background:Public open spaces (POS) are recognized as important to promote physical activity engagement. However, it is unclear how POS attributes, such as activities available, environmental quality, amenities present, and safety, are associated with neighborhood-level walkability and deprivation.Methods:Twelve neighborhoods were selected within 1 constituent city of Auckland, New Zealand based on higher (n = 6) or lower (n = 6) walkability characteristics. Neighborhoods were dichotomized as more (n = 7) or less (n = 5) socioeconomically deprived. POS (n = 69) were identified within these neighborhoods and audited using the New Zealand-Public Open Space Tool. Unpaired 1-way analysis of variance tests were applied to compare differences in attributes and overall score of POS by neighborhood walkability and deprivation.Results:POS located in more walkable neighborhoods have significantly higher overall scores when compared with less walkable neighborhoods. Deprivation comparisons identified POS located in less deprived communities have better quality environments, but fewer activities and safety features present when compared with more deprived neighborhoods.Conclusions:A positive relationship existed between presence of POS attributes and neighborhood walkability, but the relationship between POS and neighborhood-level deprivation was less clear. Variation in neighborhood POS quality alone is unlikely to explain poorer health outcomes for residents in more deprived areas.

Associations Between Parent-Perceived Neighborhood Safety and Encouragement and Child Outdoor Physical Activity Among Low-Income Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole E. Nicksic ◽  
Meliha Salahuddin ◽  
Nancy F. Butte ◽  
Deanna M. Hoelscher
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Neighborhood Safety ◽  
Parental Encouragement ◽  
Low Income Children ◽  
Fifth Grade Students ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Perceived Neighborhood Safety

Background: A growing body of research has examined the relationship between perceived neighborhood safety and parental encouragement for child physical activity (PA), yet these potential predictors have not been studied together to predict child outdoor PA. The purpose of this study is to examine these predictors and parent- and child-reported child outdoor PA. Methods: The Texas Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration study collected data from fifth-grade students attending 31 elementary schools across Austin and Houston and their parents (N = 748 parent–child dyads). Mixed-effects linear and logistic regressions stratified by gender and adjusted for sociodemographic covariates assessed associations among parental-perceived neighborhood safety, parental encouragement for child’s outdoor PA, and parent- and child-reported child’s outdoor PA. Results: Parental-perceived neighborhood safety was significantly associated with encouraging outdoor PA (P = .01) and child-reported child’s outdoor PA in boys, but not in girls. Significant associations were found between parental encouragement and child-reported outdoor PA for girls (P < .05) and parent-reported outdoor PA (P < .01) for boys and girls. Conclusions: Parent encouragement of PA and neighborhood safety are potential predictors of child outdoor PA and could be targeted in youth PA interventions.

scholarly journals Multi-Year Examination of School-Based Programs in Preventing Childhood Obesity: A Case of a State Policy in the U.S.

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9425
Author(s):  
Chang-Yong Jang ◽  
Nam-Gyeong Gim ◽  
Yoonhee Kim ◽  
TaeEung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
School Based ◽  
American Children ◽  
Teenage Obesity ◽  
State Programs

This study examined the association between the obesogenic factors and the risk of suffering from weight excess in school-based state programs regarding physical activity, physical education, nutrition standards, and nutrition education in preventing childhood obesity. Data were drawn from the 1999–2011 Youth Risk Behavior Survey in the State of Mississippi (N = 8862; grades 9–12). Logistic regression with year-fixed effects was performed to capture the influence of the legislation on teenage obesity, controlling for demographics and nutrition- and physical activity-related behaviors. The age-, sex-, and ethnicity-adjusted mean of the body mass index had reduced since 2007 (year 1999: 23.52; year 2001: 23.53; year 2003: 23.76; year 2007: 24.26; year 2009: 24.29; and year 2011: 23.91). The legislation was significantly associated with a decreased likelihood of being overweight (year 2007, odds ratio (OR) = 0.686; year 2009, OR = 0.739; and year 2011, OR = 0.760; all p < 0.01). Children who were more sedentary, more frequently fasted to lose weight, and were less physically active and likelier to be overweight (OR = 1.05, 1.37, and 0.97, respectively; all p < 0.05), as were African-American children (OR = 0.64; p < 0.05) and female students (OR = 1.59; p < 0.05). In conclusion, schools are among the most easily modifiable settings for preventing childhood obesity and reducing its prevalence, with the implementation of physical activity and nutritional policies.

The Relationship between Convenience of Destinations and Walking Levels in Older Women

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy C. King ◽  
Jennifer S. Brach ◽  
Steven Belle ◽  
Richard Killingsworth ◽  
Mark Fenton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neighborhood Walkability ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose. To examine the relationship between physical activity and (1) convenience of destinations, measured by whether destinations (such as a park, trail, businesses, and services) are within walking distance of the home, and (2) participants' perception of the quality of their neighborhood surroundings for walking, captured with a global neighborhood “walkability” rating. Design. Cross-sectional analysis of data obtained in 1999. Setting. Community in southwest Pennsylvania. Subjects. Older Caucasian women (n = 149, mean age = 74.2 years). Response rate = 79%. Measures. Walking levels, leisure-time physical activity, and features of the neighborhood environment were measured with interviewer-administered questionnaires. Physical activity was also measured objectively with a pedometer. Results. Living within walking distance (defined as within a 20-minute walk of home) of a park; biking or walking trail; or department, discount, or hardware store was related to higher pedometer readings ( p < .01). In addition, there was a positive trend between the sum of destinations within walking distance of home and activity levels measured by pedometer and questionnaire ( p < .01). There was also a positive trend between participants' neighborhood “walkability” rating and activity levels measured by pedometer and questionnaire ( p < .01). Conclusion. These findings suggest that the ability to make utilitarian walking trips from home and the perception of having favorable neighborhood surroundings for walking are associated with increased physical activity levels in older women.

scholarly journals Physical activity values in two-to-seven-year-old children measured by accelerometer over five consecutives 24-hour days

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Gutiérrez-Hervás ◽  
Ernesto Cortés-Castell ◽  
Mercedes Juste-Ruíz ◽  
Antonio Palazón-Bru ◽  
Vicente Gil-Guillén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Main Variable ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction.  Interpretation of accelerometer-derived physical activity in preschool children is confounded by differences in cut-off points.Aim. The purpose of this study was to analyze physical activity in 2-to-7-year-old children to establish reference values for daily activity.   Methods.  Observational study in children aged 2-7 years, without chronic diseases and whose parents provided informed consent. The main variable was physical activity, measured continuously over 120 hours (three workdays and two weekend days) by accelerometer. Secondary variables were weight status (BMI Z-score) and gender. The relationship between the main variable and secondary variables was determined through the t-test, ANOVA and the Pearson correlation coefficient.  A multivariate model was used to obtain the standard deviation of all possible combinations of values, constructing percentiles of normality(x±s and x±2·s).Results. 136 children (35% of municipality children), 54.4% girls. Their weight status distribution was: 25 underweight(18.4%), 35 normal weight(25.7%), 40 overweight(29.4%) and 36 obese(26.5%). The median age was 5.7 years and the mean physical activity was 591.9 counts/minute. The boys undertook more physical activity(p=0.031) and the underweight and normal-weight children undertook more physical activity than the overweight and obese children(p=0.032). There were no significant differences according to age.  The multivariate analysis showed significant differences(p<0.001) according to gender and weight status. In boys, physical activity decreased as weight status increased. In contrast, the girls in the extreme BMI groups obtained higher levels of physical activity.Conclusion.  The reference values obtained, categorized by gender and weight status, provide clinicians with standardized daily physical activity levels of preschool-age children.

scholarly journals The structure of the relationship between physical activity and psychosocial functioning of women and men during the COVID-19 epidemic in Poland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Mazur ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Since the COVID.19 pandemic is a serious crisis in many countries around the world, it is important to conduct empirical research aimed at identifying risks and factors protecting the functioning of people affected by it [1, 2]. For this reason, the goal of this research is to determine the structure of the relationship between physical activity and psychosocial functioning of 226 women and 226 men during the COVID.19 epidemic in Poland by looking at connections between physical activity, mental health disorders and cognitive processes and their significance for the quality of social relations. Methodologically, the research relies on IPAQ Questionnaire [3], GHQ-28 Questionnaires [4], TUS Test — 6/9 version [5] and the original SFS Scale. The structural model indicates that physical activity weakens the relationship between mental health disorders and cognitive processes, and gender is the moderator of these relationships. This suggests that physical activity adapted to the condition of health may be an important component of gender. individualized psycho. preventive interventions.

6. The Effects of Involvement in Physical Activity and Organized Athletics on the Prevalence of Peer Victimization in Adolescents

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janell Klassen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Physical activity is encouraged among adolescents to teach healthy living while also protecting youth by reducing the risk of many physical and mental health issues. Involvement in organized athletics, a common avenue for participation in physical activity among adolescents but may also inadvertently contribute to peer victimization. The goal of this paper was to assess if involvement in organized athletics moderates the relationship between physical activity and peer victimization. 21420 adolescent Canadian students completed the 2010 Health Behaviour Survey for School-aged Children, which included measures assessing physical activity, involvement in organized athletics, and involvement in bullying. Moderated regressions indicated that poor health, low physical activity, absence of involvement in organized athletics, lower grade, and gender were associated with increased peer victimization. These findings suggest that although involvement in organized athletics offers adolescents an opportunity to be physically active, it may come at cost due to an increased risk for peer victimization. This research has implications for both practice and policy.

Abstract P280: Neighborhood Social Cohesion Does Not Moderate the Association of Neighborhood Walkability With Aerobic Physical Activity in Latino Adults: The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) 2015

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosenda Murillo ◽  
Layton M Reesor ◽  
Daphne C Hernandez ◽  
Ezemenari M Obasi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Physical Activity Guideline ◽  
Neighborhood Safety ◽  
Aerobic Activity ◽  
Neighborhood Walkability ◽  
Neighborhood Social Cohesion ◽  
Latino Adults

Introduction: Neighborhood walkability and neighborhood social cohesion have been shown to contribute to physical activity. However, limited research has examined neighborhood social cohesion as a moderator in the association between neighborhood walkability and aerobic physical activity among Latino adults. We examined associations of neighborhood walkability using measures assessing built environment and safety, with meeting the aerobic activity guideline among a large nationally representative diverse sample of Latino adults. Methods: We used cross-sectional data from 4,765 NHIS 2015 Latino participants 18 years of age and older. Neighborhood walkability was assessed based on self-reported measures of built environment (e.g., presence of sidewalks, presence of paths/trails) and neighborhood safety (e.g., presence of traffic, crime). A neighborhood walkability score was created by combining the built environment and neighborhood safety items, with a higher score indicating higher walkability. Aerobic activity was categorized as meeting versus not meeting the aerobic activity guideline, based on 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans . Neighborhood social cohesion was measured based on self-reported items assessing perceived neighborhood social cohesion. Survey logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios [OR] and 95% confidence intervals [CI], with covariates adjusting for age, sex, education, acculturation, and neighborhood social cohesion. Effect modification by neighborhood social cohesion was tested by inclusion of a neighborhood walkability and neighborhood social cohesion interaction term. Results: On average the sample was 44 years old, 44% were male, 36% had less than a high school education, and 58% were foreign-born. After adjusting for age, sex, education, and acculturation, a one-unit higher neighborhood walkability score was associated with significantly higher odds of meeting the aerobic physical activity guideline (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.11), relative to not meeting the aerobic activity guideline. After adding neighborhood social cohesion to the adjusted model, the association between neighborhood walkability and meeting the aerobic activity guideline was slightly attenuated, but remained significant (OR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.11). Results from the effect modification test indicated that the neighborhood walkability and neighborhood social cohesion interaction term was not significant. Conclusions: These findings suggest that neighborhood walkability contributes to meeting the aerobic physical activity guideline among Latino adults. However, neighborhood social cohesion does not moderate the association between neighborhood walkability and meeting the aerobic activity guideline.

Relationship between Children's and Parents' Stereotyping of Physical Activities

1993 ◽  
Vol 77 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1283-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy L. Pellett ◽  
Arlene A. Ignico
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Student Groups ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to examine age and gender differences in perceptions of gender-typed physical activities and to investigate the relationship between children's and parents' perceptions. Participants included 357 students in Grades K, 2, 4, and 6 and their parents ( n = 455) from two elementary schools in Utah. The Physical Activity Stereotyping Index was used to assess both children's and parents' perceptions. Boys scored higher (more stereotypical in perceptions) on the Index than girls. Students in Kindergarten and Grade 2 scored significantly higher than those in Grades 4 and 6, while all adult (parents) groups were less stereotypical in their beliefs than all student groups. Significant correlations were obtained for spouses' scores ( r = .44, p < .001) and for parents' and their children's scores ( r = .24, p < .02).

Connecting Neighborhoods and Sleep Health

2019 ◽  
pp. 409-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayna A. Johnson ◽  
Yazan A. Al-Ajlouni ◽  
Dustin T. Duncan, ScD
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Neighborhood Safety ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
Physical Context ◽  
Health Field ◽  
Neighborhood Level

This chapter is a meta-commentary on the field of neighborhood health research. Neighborhood research has hitherto focused on a variety of health behaviors and outcomes—such as diet, smoking, drinking, physical activity—but not so much sleep. This chapter focuses on the neighborhood social and physical context (e.g., neighborhood safety, neighborhood stigma, neighborhood noise, neighborhood light, and neighborhood crowding) and how it can impact sleep health and sleep disorders across populations and geographies. In addition to discussing a range of neighborhood exposures, the chapter discusses the designs of studies as well general methodological issues in the neighborhood health field. The chapter also provides a discussion of neighborhood-level interventions that can be utilized in the sleep field. Lastly, this chapter highlights the advancement of neighborhood research extending to sleep health.

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