scholarly journals 4788 Thermal Manikin Measurements of Protective Clothing Assemblies

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1(127)) ◽  
pp. 200-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Frydrych ◽  
Iwona Frydrych ◽  
Agnieszka Cichocka ◽  
Paulina Gilewicz ◽  
Justyna Dominiak
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thermal Manikin ◽  
Dynamic Conditions ◽  
Comparison Of Results ◽  
Number Of Layers ◽  
Foundry Worker

The thermal comfort of a foundry worker is very important and related to many factors, i.e., the structure of the protective clothing assembly, the number of layers and their thickness, as well as the distance between the body and appropriate underwear. The research undertaken aimed at checking thermal insulation for assemblies consisting of aluminized protective clothing and appropriate underwear in two sizes and without underwear. Measurements of the clothing thermal insulation were conducted using a thermal manikin dressed in two-layer protective clothing and three kinds of underwear products covering the upper and lower parts of the manikin. The first part of the paper presents a comparison of results of thermal insulation measurement of two kinds of protective clothing: a traditional one made of aluminised glass fabrics and a new one made of aluminised basalt fabrics. Each of the protective clothing was worn on three kinds of underwear products in m and s sizes. The influence of the underwear size was noted. In the second part of paper, measurements were made for two aluminized basalt clothing variants: commercial and a prototype with modifications in static and dynamic conditions. The results were discussed.

Effects of Clothing Ventilative Designs on Thermal Insulation under Varying Wind Conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 332-334 ◽  
pp. 1927-1930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Hui Zhang ◽  
Jun Li
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thermal Manikin ◽  
Clothing Insulation ◽  
Vertical Side ◽  
Wind Velocities ◽  
Heat And Moisture ◽  
Body Heat

This paper reports on an experimental investigation of the effects of clothing ventilative designs on thermal comfort measured in terms of thermal insulation. Eight T-shirts with varying areas and locations of mesh fabric were designed and produced for testing on a dry thermal manikin. Clothing thermal insulation of T-shirts was measured under three wind velocities: 0.5, 1 and 2m/s. The results showed that, the areas and locations of ventilation panels affect the total thermal insulation. The T-shirts with larger area of mesh fabric are preferable in terms of releasing more body heat. Among various designs tested, mesh fabrics applied at two vertical side seams can most effectively release heat and moisture from the body. Clothing insulation is also greatly affected by wind.

Effects of hip protective clothing on thermal wear comfort of clothing ensembles

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiah Wardiningsih ◽  
Olga Troynikov
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Thermal Manikin ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wear Comfort ◽  
Ensemble Performance ◽  
Clothing Style ◽  
Thermal Wear ◽  
Moisture Vapour

Purpose This paper aims to examine the influence of hip protective clothing on ensemble performance attributes related to thermal comfort. It also explores the effect on protective pads of various materials and the arrangements of material. The thermal comfort characteristics are thermal insulation and moisture vapour resistance. Design/methodology/approach For this research, four ensembles of clothing were used: one ensemble without hip protective clothing and three ensembles with hip protective clothing. A thermal manikin was used to test the thermal insulation and moisture vapour resistance of the ensembles. Findings The findings revealed that incorporating hip protective clothing into the clothing ensembles influenced the thermal resistance and moisture vapour resistance of the ensemble. In the “all zones group,” the influence of the hip protective clothing depended on clothing style, with hipster-style clothing producing insignificant changes. In the “hip zones group” and “stomach and hip zones group,” hip protective clothing strongly influenced the thermal comfort attributes of ensembles. Pad material and volume play important roles in these changes in thermal comfort attributes. Originality/value These outcomes are useful for the design and engineering of hip protective clothing, where maximizing protection while minimizing thermal and moisture vapour resistance is critical for wear comfort and adherence in warm or hot conditions. The designer should consider that material, volume and thickness of protective pad affect the overall thermal comfort attributes of the hip protective clothing.

Comparison of clothing thermal comfort properties measured on female and male sweating manikins

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (18) ◽  
pp. 2214-2223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Sun ◽  
Jintu Fan
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thermal Manikin ◽  
Unit Surface Area ◽  
Evaporative Resistance ◽  
Evaporative Water

Thermal manikins simulating human body’s thermal regulatory system are essential tools for understanding the heat exchange between human body and the environment and also for evaluating the thermal comfort of clothing and near environment. However, most existing thermal manikins adopt a male’s body shape and no sweating female thermal manikin has been reported so far. Furthermore, it is unclear how body shape (viz. male vs female) affects the heat loss and perspiration from the body. We report on a novel female sweating thermal manikin “Wenda”. Thermal properties of the nude body and clothing ensembles measured on “Wenda” are compared with those measured on the male manikin “Walter”. It was found that, although the more curvaceous female body reduces the thermal insulation of the nude manikin, it increases the apparent evaporative resistance at the same time. This may be due to the fact that the more curvaceous female body increases the surface still air layer to add resistance to heat loss by conduction and evaporative water loss by diffusion, and significantly increases the percentage of effective radiative area and the resultant radiative heat loss per unit surface area. It was further shown that clothing thermal insulation and apparent evaporative resistance measured on Wenda are typically 0 ∼ 11% higher than those measured on the male sweating fabric manikin-Walter, probably due to the greater clothing microclimate volume on the female manikin resulting from the looser fitting of the garments on the smaller female body and the more curvaceous surface of the female body.

scholarly journals Thermal comfort sustained by cold protective clothing in Arctic open-pit mining—a thermal manikin and questionnaire study

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 537-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsi JUSSILA ◽  
Sirkka RISSANEN ◽  
Anna AMINOFF ◽  
Jens WAHLSTRÖM ◽  
Arild VAKTSKJOLD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Questionnaire Study ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Thermal Manikin

scholarly journals Characteristics of Specialised Firefighter Clothing Used in Poland – the Thermal Parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1(139)) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Magdalena Młynarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Thermal Parameters ◽  
Thermal Manikin ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Evaporative Resistance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Local Thermal Insulation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Impact

This paper describes the characteristic thermal parameters of firefighters’ personal protective clothing (FFPPC) used in Poland. The total thermal insulation and evaporative resistance of three different types of FFPPC were measured and used on a thermal manikin. Next, the results were compared. Based on the analyses and calculations of the test results, it was shown that FFPPC provides a barrier to the heat exchange between the user and the surrounding environment. Differences in the local thermal insulation can be triggered not only by the material used but they can also be attributable to clothes fitted on the manikin. The biggest differences can be noted on the segments forming part of the manikin’s trunk. No difference was found in the evaporative resistance between the clothes tested. In order to examine further the impact of the materials used on thermal parameters of protective clothing, it is necessary to carry out an analysis of the impact of individual layers.

scholarly journals Thermal Properties of Special New Generation Personal Protective Clothing for Firefighters-Rescuers

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (80) ◽  
pp. 45-67
Author(s):  
Marzena Rachwał ◽  
Małgorzata Majder-Łopatka ◽  
Tomasz Węsierski ◽  
Artur Ankowski ◽  
Magdalena Młynarczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Thermal Protection ◽  
Thermal Manikin ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Everyday Work ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Full Body

Every day, firefighters put their health and life at risk by saving people and their property not only during fires, but by being always ready during all kinds of unfortunate events. Therefore, they need special personal protective equipment, including protective clothing. The purpose of the study was to compare thermal properties of new (PROTON and SYRIUSZ) and old (US-03) personal protective clothing for firefighters. Measurements of thermal insulation (total, effective and local) were carried out using a full body shape thermal manikin Newton consisting of 34 segments, in which temperature and heat flux were controlled independently. Results of the total thermal insulation of the entire clothing reveal differences between all three models. The lowest values were noticed for the model PROTON with light and shorter jacket and the highest values of thermal insulation for the new model SYRIUSZ, indicating that this model protect the user against heat most effectively. New models of personal protective clothing for firefighters should be recommended for use in everyday work, because they are characterized by better parameters than the previous type of protective clothing, both in terms of thermal protection and mobility.

PROVIDING THERMAL COMFORT OF THE DISTAL SEGMENTS OF THE LOWER LIMBS BY USING AN AUTONOMOUS ELECTRIC HEATING SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.S. Malakhova ◽  
◽  
T.K. Losik ◽  
O.V. Burmistrova
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Electric Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Climatic Zone ◽  
Experimental Sample ◽  
Local Cooling ◽  
Additional Heat

Abstract. Introduction. Work in low temperatures can lead to both general and local cooling of the human body. Local cooling of the distal parts of the legs can limit the motor activity of the employee even with sufficient thermal insulation of the body general surface. Therefore, the use of an additional heat source in special shoes (autonomous electric heating system (AEHS)) can compensate heat losses in the distal parts of the legs and provide thermal comfort in conditions of low temperatures throughout the work. The purpose of the study: physiological and hygienic assessment of the additional heat sources (AEHS) influence on the thermal insulation of special shoes in conditions of low temperatures. Materials and methods. To assess the heat-protective properties of the special shoes experimental sample with an AEHS, a heat flux density and skin temperature meter ITP-MG 4.03/30 "POTOK" (LLC SKB Stroypribor, Chelyabinsk) was used. The presented sample was tested with the participation of 5 volunteers in three modes of autonomous electric heating in a microclimatic chamber for 60 minutes for each mode separately. The average air temperature in the chamber during the study was 2.5±0.5 °C. Based on the obtained data, the thermal insulation of special shoes with an AEHS was calculated. Results. The thermal insulation of the special shoes experimental sample without electric heating was 0.460±0.013 °C m2/W; and 0.512±0.01 and 0.549±0.01 °C m2/W using the minimum and medium electric heating modes-, respectively, which allows us to recommend the presented sample of special shoes with an autonomous electric heating system for work in a "Special" climatic zone when performing moderate-severity work. The thermal insulation of a special shoes sample with the maximum electric heating mode was 0.615±0.01 °C m2/W, which makes it possible to work with it in the IV climatic zone. Conclusions. The use of an AEHS increases the thermal insulation of special shoes, which provides sufficient protection for the distal parts of the legs, allows to expand the scope of its operation in strict compliance with the work and rest regime and can be a prevention of the occupational diseases development in workers at low temperatures.

Impact of electrical heating on effective thermal Insulation of a multi-layered winter clothing system for optimal heating efficiency

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiju Park ◽  
Soo-kyung Hwang ◽  
Joo-Young Lee ◽  
Jintu Fan ◽  
Youngjin Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Electric Heating ◽  
The Body ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Thermal Manikin ◽  
Heating Unit ◽  
Heating Efficiency ◽  
Body Heat

Purpose This paper investigated the impact of the distance of the heating unit from the body in a multi-layered winter clothing system on effective thermal insulation and heating efficiency. Design/methodology/approach To identify changes in the thermal insulation and heating efficiency of electrical heating in different layers inside a winter clothing ensemble, a series of thermal manikin tests was conducted. A multi-layered winter ensemble with and without activation of a heating unit was tested on the thermal manikin under two different ambient temperature conditions (10°C and -5°C). Findings Results show that the effective thermal insulation of test ensembles increased by 5-7% with the activation of the heating unit compared to that without the activation. The closer the heating unit to the body, the higher the effective thermal insulation was in both ambient temperature conditions. This trend was more significant at lower ambient temperature. Research limitations/implications The results of this study indicate that providing electric heating next to the skin is the most effective in increasing effective thermal insulation and decreasing body heat loss in both ambient temperature (-5°C and 10°C). This trend was more remarkable in colder environment at -5°C of ambient temperature as evidenced by sharp decrease in heating efficiency and effective thermal insulation with an increase in distance between the manikin skin and heating unit at -5°C of ambient temperature compared to at 10°C of ambient temperature. Practical implications Based on the results, it is expected that proximity heating next to the skin, in cold environment, may reduce the weight and size of the battery for the heating unit because of the higher efficiency of electric heating and the potentially immediate perception of warmth supported by the greatest increase in effective thermal insulation, as well as the lowest heat loss that comes with activation of heating on the first layer in cold environment. Originality/value The finding of this study provides guidelines to sportswear designers, textile scientists, sports enthusiasts, and civilians who consider electric heating benefits for improved thermal comfort and safety in cold environments, especially in the areas of outdoor and winter sports and in military service. The results of this study indicate that providing electric heating next to the skin is the most effective in increasing effective thermal insulation and decreasing body heat loss in both ambient temperature (-5°C and 10°C).

scholarly journals Research on Biophysical Properties of Protective Clothing

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Wagner ◽  
Piotr Dorawa
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Thermal Manikin ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Biophysical Properties

Abstract The aim of this research was to assess thermal insulation properties of select protective suits by performing appropriate tests on a thermal manikin according to Polish standards. The research was conducted for three variants of the user’s positions, which change during work. It has been demonstrated that different body positions, as well as movement of particular body parts, have a significant impact on changes of thermal insulation values of the tested clothing.

Effects of wind direction on sportswear thermal insulation with various ease allowance

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shurong Hu ◽  
Mengmeng Zhao ◽  
Jun Li
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Thermal Manikin ◽  
Thermal Imager ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ease Allowance

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of wind direction and ease allowance on thermal comfort in sportswear. Design/methodology/approach – The effects of wind direction (front, side, back and calm (no wind) 1.5 m/s) and seven magnitudes of ease allowance on sportswear thermal insulation and surface temperature were investigated. An 11 zones’ thermal manikin was used to acquire the static thermal insulation. Surface temperature was captured by a thermal imager. Findings – The results showed that the wind was a significant effect on thermal performance, however, wind direction effect was only significant in the segment covered with multilayer fabric, such as the abdomen and hip (p=0.034). Although the ease allowance influenced the overall thermal insulation obviously, the difference between seven sizes suits was not significant. Nevertheless, the ease allowance affected the surface temperature of chest and back significantly (p=0.023, 0.007). Correlation between thermal insulation and surface temperature was negative, and correlation level was degraded when affected by wind factor. Research limitations/implications – Sportswear’s fabric and style did not discussed as effect factors. It would be taken into accounted in the future research. Originality/value – Wind direction impact thermal comfort in multilayer regions significantly. It is a reference to improve sportswear’s comfort design.

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