scholarly journals Literature Philosophied. Witkacy – Gombrowicz – Schulz

Tekstualia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-180
Author(s):  
Żaneta Nalewajk
Keyword(s):  
Literary Form ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Witold Gombrowicz ◽  
Philosophy And Literature ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Contextual Indicators ◽  
The One ◽  
Stanislaw Ignacy Witkiewicz ◽  
Almost All

Readers of Witkacy, Gombrowicz, and Schulz are bound to notice philosophical inspirations present in numerous intertextual references and contextual indicators. Their texts contain almost all possible literary signs suggesting the possibility of at analysing works by Witkacy, Gombrowicz, and Schulz on at least two hermeneutic levels: literary and philosophical. In the case of Witkacy, Schulz, and Gombrowicz, the choice of literary form was essentially philosophical. In works by Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz, it seemed to advocate replacing philosophical monographs with individualised language as one of conditions of innovation in the fi eld. Witold Gombrowicz, in turn, manifested his objection towards a speculative, “non-physical” philosophy deprived of experience. Bruno Schulz’s decision to mix philosophy and literature stemmed from a conviction that the arts (and literature as one of them) cannot mindlessly recreate existing philosophical theses. On the contrary, it should be the one to challenge philosophy with complex questions. If we were to look for examples of an illustrative character in the works of the three authors, we might only refer to their individual stands. In this sense, the presence of references to philosophical tradition was naturally signifi cant, but should not overshadow their own points of view.

Three Versions of Modernity: Witkacy, Schulz, Gombrowicz

Tekstualia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-48
Author(s):  
Jerzy Jarzębski
Keyword(s):  
Literary Form ◽  
Witold Gombrowicz ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
Childhood And Youth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Stanislaw Ignacy Witkiewicz ◽  
Bruno Schulz ◽  
Three Musketeers ◽  
Second World

Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz, known as Witkacy (1885–1939), Bruno Schulz (1892 –1942), and Witold Gombrowicz (1904–1969) were all born during the time of the Partition of Poland: Witkacy and Gombrowicz in the Russian Partition, and Schulz in the Austro-Hungarian one. The Polish literature with which they came in contact in childhood and youth still had as its chief function to provide Poles with uplift and to waken hope that independence would be returned to the fatherland. In truth, no one knew how this was supposed to happen (Poland was divided among the three greatest military powers in Europe), but a belief in the recovery of self-determination was somehow maintained in Polish lands. But in 1918, when those dreams came true, Polish literature was not prepared. It was necessary to invent it anew, to find new subjects that would be suitable for a society entering into independence (a short-lived one, unfortunately, only lasting twenty years), but also to face up to problems that modernity had brought to the whole world. The three writers mentioned above, at first less appreciated than those who were engaged in social matters and who were nationalist writers, such as Andrzej Strug, Juliusz Kaden-Bandrowski, Zofi a Nałkowska, and Maria Dąbrowska, won recognition after the Second World War and became Polish “classics of modernity”. This does not alter the fact that each of them saw modernity differently, and, as a result, solved the problems of literary form differently from his colleagues. At the start of the 1960s, Gombrowicz defi ned the difference among them – the “three musketeers” of modern Polish literature.

Mendelssohn’s Critique of Lessing’s Laocoon

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Beiser
Keyword(s):  
Moses Mendelssohn ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The One

Frederick Beiser’s chapter demonstrates the palpable impact of Moses Mendelssohn on Lessing’s Laocoon. Mendelssohn composed his own treatise about the differences between the arts in 1757, paying particular attention to hybrid artistic forms that combined ‘natural’ and ‘arbitrary’ signs through their fusion of ‘successive’ and ‘instantaneous’ elements. In his comments on an early draft of Laocoon, Mendelssohn reminded Lessing that poetry—due to the arbitrariness of its signs—could also successfully express objects that coexist with one another rather than consecutive actions in time. Of all Mendelssohn’s comments on Laocoon, Beiser argues, this was the one that most troubled Lessing as he tried to develop a system for understanding ancient ‘poetry’ and ‘painting’.

scholarly journals The Diagnosis and Therapy of Degenerative Knee Joint Disease: Expert Consensus from the Chinese Pain Medicine Panel

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Huang ◽  
Yan-Qing Liu ◽  
Li-Shuang Liang ◽  
Xue-Wu Lin ◽  
Tao Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Pain Specialist ◽  
Chinese Association ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Based Medicine

At present, there are many constantly updated guidelines and consensuses on the diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis both at home and abroad. The recommendations established using methods of evidence-based medicine has experienced strict research on controlling bias and promoting reproduction rate. As a result, the previous evidence was reevaluated, and a lot of changes were provoked in the diagnosis and treatment concept of osteoarthritis. However, several methods not recommended by foreign guidelines are still in use in the current clinical practice in China. On the one hand, Chinese experts have not reached extensive consensus on whether it is necessary to make changes according to foreign guidelines. On the other hand, almost all the current relevant guidelines are on osteoarthritis, but the lesions around knee joints which, as a whole, bear the largest weight in human body, cannot be ignored. For this purpose, Chinese Association for the Study of Pain (CASP) organized some leading experts to formulate this Chinese Pain Specialist Consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of degenerative knee osteoarthritis (DKOA) in combination with the guidelines in foreign countries and the expert experience of clinical practice in China. The consensus, which includes the definition, pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestation, diagnostic criteria, and treatments of DKOA, is intended to be used by first-line doctors, including pain physicians to manage patients with DKOA.

scholarly journals Attention Modulated Multiple Object Tracking with Motion Enhancement and Dual Correlation

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifeng Wang ◽  
Zhijiang Zhang ◽  
Ning Zhang ◽  
Dan Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Object Tracking ◽  
Multiple Object Tracking ◽  
Tracking Accuracy ◽  
Feature Maps ◽  
Backbone Networks ◽  
Multiple Object ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Training Stage ◽  
The One ◽  
Baseline State

The one-shot multiple object tracking (MOT) framework has drawn more and more attention in the MOT research community due to its advantage in inference speed. However, the tracking accuracy of current one-shot approaches could lead to an inferior performance compared with their two-stage counterparts. The reasons are two-fold: one is that motion information is often neglected due to the single-image input. The other is that detection and re-identification (ReID) are two different tasks with different focuses. Joining detection and re-identification at the training stage could lead to a suboptimal performance. To alleviate the above limitations, we propose a one-shot network named Motion and Correlation-Multiple Object Tracking (MAC-MOT). MAC-MOT introduces a motion enhance attention module (MEA) and a dual correlation attention module (DCA). MEA performs differences on adjacent feature maps which enhances the motion-related features while suppressing irrelevant information. The DCA module focuses on decoupling the detection task and re-identification task to strike a balance and reduce the competition between these two tasks. Moreover, symmetry is a core design idea in our proposed framework which is reflected in Siamese-based deep learning backbone networks, the input of dual stream images, as well as a dual correlation attention module. Our proposed approach is evaluated on the popular multiple object tracking benchmarks MOT16 and MOT17. We demonstrate that the proposed MAC-MOT can achieve a better performance than the baseline state of the arts (SOTAs).

scholarly journals Application of Hyperspectral Imaging in the Assessment of Drought and Salt Stress in Magneto-Primed Triticale Seeds

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 835
Author(s):  
Jose Alvarez ◽  
Elvira Martinez ◽  
Belén Diezma
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Human Observer ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Data Variability ◽  
Drought And Salt Stress ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Germination Parameters

Hyperspectral imaging is an appropriate method to thoroughly investigate the microscopic structure of internally heterogeneous agro-food products. By using hyperspectral technology, identifying stress symptoms associated with salinity, before a human observer, is possible, and has obvious benefits. The objective of this paper was to prove the suitability of this technique for the analysis of Triticale seeds subjected to both magneto-priming and drought and salt stress conditions, in terms of image differences obtained among treatments. It is known that, on the one hand, drought and salt stress treatments have negative effects on seeds of almost all species, and on the other hand, magneto-priming enhances seed germination parameters. Thus, this study aimed to relate hyperspectral imaging values—neither positive nor negative in themselves—to the effects mentioned above. Two main conclusions were reached: Firstly, the hyperspectral application is a feasible method for exploring the Triticale structure and for making distinctions under different drought and salt stress treatments, in line with the data variability obtained. Secondly, the lower spectral reflectance in some treatments—in the 400–1000 nm segment—is the result of a great number of chemical compounds in the seed that could be related to magneto-priming.

scholarly journals Actualized inventory of medicinal plants used in traditional medicine in Oaxaca, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cruz-Pérez Alejandra Lucía ◽  
Barrera-Ramos Jacqueline ◽  
Bernal-Ramírez Luis Alberto ◽  
Bravo-Avilez David ◽  
Rendón-Aguilar Beatriz
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Background Oaxaca is one of the most diverse states in Mexico from biological and cultural points of view. Different ethnic groups living there maintain deep and ancestral traditional knowledge of medicinal plants as well as traditional practices and beliefs about diseases/illnesses and cures. Previous ethnobotanical research in this state has helped document this knowledge, but with the addition of more studies, more records appear. We updated the inventory of medicinal knowledge between the different ethnic groups that inhabit the Oaxacan territory. Methods A database was constructed from two sources: (1) original data from a 3-year project in 84 municipalities of Oaxaca inhabited by eight ethnic groups and (2) different electronic databases. Results Records of 1032 medicinal plants were obtained; 164 families were registered, with Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Rubiaceae being the most commonly used. A total of 770 species were reported in 14 vegetation types; the most important species came from temperate forests. Only 144 species corresponded to introduced species, and 272 were listed in a risk category. Illnesses of the digestive and genitourinary systems as well as culture-bound syndromes were treated with high numbers of medicinal plants. The Mestizo, Mixe, Mixtec, and Zapotec ethnic groups exhibited the greatest number of recorded medicinal plants. The 17 species that were used among almost all ethnic groups in Oaxaca were also used to cure the highest number of diseases. Discussion Inventories of medicinal plants confirm the persistence of traditional knowledge and reflect the need to recognize and respect this cosmovision. Many species are gathered in wild environments. The most important illnesses or diseases recorded in the present inventory are also mentioned in different studies, suggesting that they are common health problems in the rural communities of Mexico. Conclusions Medicinal plants are essential for ethnic groups in Oaxaca. It is necessary to recognize and understand the complex ancestral processes involved in the human-nature interaction and the role of these processes in the conservation of biodiversity and in the survivorship of ethnic groups that have persisted for centuries. Finally, this study serves as a wake-up call to respect those worldviews.

Combinatorial principles weaker than Ramsey's Theorem for pairs

2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis R. Hirschfeldt ◽  
Richard A. Shore
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Mathematics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Base System ◽  
Ramsey's Theorem ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Ramsey’S Theorem ◽  
Combinatorial Principles ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The One ◽  
Infinite Linear

AbstractWe investigate the complexity of various combinatorial theorems about linear and partial orders, from the points of view of computability theory and reverse mathematics. We focus in particular on the principles ADS (Ascending or Descending Sequence), which states that every infinite linear order has either an infinite descending sequence or an infinite ascending sequence, and CAC (Chain-AntiChain), which states that every infinite partial order has either an infinite chain or an infinite antichain. It is wellknown that Ramsey's Theorem for pairs () splits into a stable version () and a cohesive principle (COH). We show that the same is true of ADS and CAC, and that in their cases the stable versions are strictly weaker than the full ones (which is not known to be the case for and ). We also analyze the relationships between these principles and other systems and principles previously studied by reverse mathematics, such as WKL0, DNR, and BΣ2. We show, for instance, that WKL0 is incomparable with all of the systems we study. We also prove computability-theoretic and conservation results for them. Among these results are a strengthening of the fact, proved by Cholak, Jockusch, and Slaman, that COH is -conservative over the base system RCA0. We also prove that CAC does not imply DNR which, combined with a recent result of Hirschfeldt, Jockusch. Kjos-Hanssen, Lempp, and Slaman, shows that CAC does not imply (and so does not imply ). This answers a question of Cholak, Jockusch, and Slaman.Our proofs suggest that the essential distinction between ADS and CAC on the one hand and on the other is that the colorings needed for our analysis are in some way transitive. We formalize this intuition as the notions of transitive and semitransitive colorings and show that the existence of homogeneous sets for such colorings is equivalent to ADS and CAC, respectively. We finish with several open questions.

Time, Money, and the Weather: Ming China and the “Great Depression” of the Mid-Fifteenth Century

2002 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Atwell
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Arts And Crafts ◽  
Absolute Level ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The World ◽  
Handicraft Production ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Deep Recession

During the fifteenth century, especially during its middle decades, “almost all parts of the then-known world [i.e., Europe, the Middle East, and the economically advanced regions of Asia] experienced a deep recession. By then, the ‘state of the world’ was at a much lower level than it had reached in the early fourteenth century. During the depression of the fifteenth century, the absolute level of inter-societal trade dropped, currencies were universally debased (a sure sign of decreased wealth and overall productivity), and the arts and crafts were degraded” (Abu-Lughod 1993, 85; see also Lopez and Miskimin 1962; Lopez, Miskimin, and Udovitch 1970; Postan 1973, 41–48; Wallerstein 1974, 21–38; Munro 1998, 38–39). In much of Eurasia, the worst years of this “depression” probably ended sometime during the 1460s or 1470s. Over the next six or seven decades, economic conditions in many parts of the world improved significantly, reflected in dramatic increases in agricultural and handicraft production; in the volume of interregional and international trade; and, except for the western hemisphere where Afro-Eurasian diseases decimated native populations during the early sixteenth century, in demographic growth.

The State of the Art in Management Education Applicable to Aerospace Activities

1967 ◽  
Vol 71 (677) ◽  
pp. 342-343
Author(s):  
F. H. East
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Management Education ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Development Project ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Defence Budget ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All

The Aviation Group of the Ministry of Technology (formerly the Ministry of Aviation) is responsible for spending a large part of the country's defence budget, both in research and development on the one hand and production or procurement on the other. In addition, it has responsibilities in many non-defence fields, mainly, but not exclusively, in aerospace.Few developments have been carried out entirely within the Ministry's own Establishments; almost all have required continuous co-operation between the Ministry and Industry. In the past the methods of management and collaboration and the relative responsibilities of the Ministry and Industry have varied with time, with the type of equipment to be developed, with the size of the development project and so on. But over the past ten years there has been a growing awareness of the need to put some system into the complex business of translating a requirement into a specification and a specification into a product within reasonable bounds of time and cost.

Three-Dimensional Microfabrication System for Biodegradable Microdevices With High-Resolution and Bio-Applicability

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Yamada ◽  
Fuminori Niikura ◽  
Koji Ikuta
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Batch Process ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All

Biodegradable polymers are employed in medicine and its further application is expected with eagerness. But the lack of an appropriate processing method retards the progress. To overcome this problem, we have developped a novel three-dimensional microfabrication system. The system design allows us the processing of the free three-dimensional micro-level forms by stacking up melted polymers from the nozzle. Different from the conventional method, we adopted a batch process to supply materials in order to eliminate the prior process that required toxic solvents. In addition, it is possible to handle almost all biodegradable thermoplastic resins by adopting this system. A single layer from the piled-up layers of extruded lines was observed to evaluate the resolution. The lateral and depth resolutions attained are 40 μm and 45 μm, respectively. Biodegradable polymers enable three-dimensional microstructures such as micro-pipes, micro-bends, and micro-coil springs to be manufactured in less than 15 min. The biocompatibility of the newly fabricated structure was evaluated using a cell line (PC12). For this purpose, a small vessel, with a transparent base, was fabricated using PLA and cells were cultivated in it. The results were then compared with the results obtained using the standard method. The mechanical strength of our microstructures was evaluated using a tensile strength test. The tensile strength of the microstructure was lower than the one obtained from the conventional method, but has enough strength for fabrication of medical devices. Our system renders it possible to produce toxic-free, as well as transparent and leakage-free devices. Our system is expected to have potential applications in optimum design and fabrication of implantable devices, especially in tissue engineering.

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