IMPACT OF SELECTED BIOFUELS AND DIESEL AS LUBRICANTS ON THE STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTION AND COURSE OF SLIDING FRICTION COEFFICIENTS FOR THE KINEMATIC PAIR 100Cr6-100Cr6

Tribologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 288 (6) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Leszek Gil ◽  
Daniel Pieniak ◽  
Edward Kozłowski ◽  
Jarosław Selech
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Sliding Friction ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Kinematic Pair ◽  
Injection Equipment ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Petroleum Fuels ◽  
Lubricating Properties

One of the functions of engine fuels is the lubrication of engine injection equipment components. The elements of the injection system are lubricated only with the fuel used to power the engine; therefore, the lubricity and its impact on the elements of the engine injection system are an important issue. The share of biofuels to power internal combustion engines is constantly increasing, because EU Member States are required to use fuel with the addition of biocomponents to power vehicle engines. These fuels are more ecological compared to petroleum fuels. Therefore, it is also necessary to identify the lubricating properties of these fuels, which can significantly affect wear processes. In order to identify wear indicators, laboratory tests were carried out to determine the lubricating properties of biofuels based on vegetable oils in relation to diesel fuel. Tribological tests were carried out for the ball-disc friction node of 100Cr6 material, which is most often used in the construction of precision pairs of injection equipment. Comparative tests were carried out for samples immersed in a fuel bath on a CSM tribometer. The friction coefficient waveforms as a function of friction distance and sample load were determined. The measured force values indicate a significant impact of the fuel used on the operating conditions and consumption in the kinematic pair being the subject of the work.

scholarly journals Exhaust Gas Temperature Measurements in Diagnostics of Turbocharged Marine Internal Combustion Engines Part I Standard Measurements

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Korczewski
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Measuring Signal ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature

Abstract The article discusses the problem of diagnostic informativeness of exhaust gas temperature measurements in turbocharged marine internal combustion engines. Theoretical principles of the process of exhaust gas flow in turbocharger inlet channels are analysed in its dynamic and energetic aspects. Diagnostic parameters are defined which enable to formulate general evaluation of technical condition of the engine based on standard online measurements of the exhaust gas temperature. A proposal is made to extend the parametric methods of diagnosing workspaces in turbocharged marine engines by analysing time-histories of enthalpy changes of the exhaust gas flowing to the turbocompressor turbine. Such a time-history can be worked out based on dynamic measurements of the exhaust gas temperature, performed using a specially designed sheathed thermocouple. The first part of the article discusses possibilities to perform diagnostic inference about technical condition of a marine engine with pulse turbocharging system based on standard measurements of exhaust gas temperature in characteristic control cross-sections of its thermal and flow system. Selected metrological issues of online exhaust gas temperature measurements in those engines are discusses in detail, with special attention being focused on the observed disturbances and thermodynamic interpretation of the recorded measuring signal. Diagnostic informativeness of the exhaust gas temperature measurements performed in steady-state conditions of engine operation is analysed in the context of possible evaluations of technical condition of the engine workspaces, the injection system, and the fuel delivery process.

scholarly journals Diagnostics of the Internal Combustion Engines Operation by Measurement of Crankshaft Instantaneous Angular Speed

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-295
Author(s):  
Mirosław Dereszewski ◽  
Grzegorz Sikora
Keyword(s):  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Relative Displacement ◽  
Angular Speed ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
External Disturbances ◽  
Active Measurement ◽  
First Results

Abstract Diagnostics based on measuring of crankshaft instantaneous rotational speed allows precise location of damage to the injection system and detection of external disturbances. Active measurement of instantaneous rotational speed requires use of equipment with high sensitivity, permanent assembly at the ends of the crankshaft and the analysis of a very large amount of data. Presented method can be used for measurement of torsional vibration of crankshaft, indirectly through simultaneous measurement of the width of the pulses generated by the encoder disks. Momentary, relative displacement of both disks determines the angle of temporary crankshaft twisting. This paper presents first results of pulse width measurement, obtained by using described system.

scholarly journals The influence of centrial forces on crankshaft bearing lubrication is in emergency modes of the engine of the car

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Khrulev ◽  
◽  
Olexii Saraiev ◽  
Iryna Saraieva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Connecting Rod ◽  
Oil Supply ◽  
Technical Expert ◽  
The Difference

The analysis of the crankshaft bearing condition of the automotive internal combustion engines in the case of insufficiency and breakage of oil supply to them is carried out. It is noted that this fault is one of the most common causes of damage to rubbing pairs in operation. At the same time, the different groups of bearings are often damaged, which cannot be explained within the framework of existing models of plain bearing lubrication. The objective of the work is to develop a mathematical model of oil supply to connecting rod bearings in emergency mode, taking into account the characteristic features of the bearing design. The model also, depending on the nature of the damage, should help to determine and explain the causes of bearing failures if they occur in different modes when operating conditions are broken. A computational model has been developed that makes it possible to assess the effect of design differences in the features of oil supply and the action of the centrifugal forces during crankshaft rotation on the oil column in the lubrication hole where oil is supplied to the conrod bearing. Calculations of the change in time of the oil supply pressure to the connecting rod bearings for the various designs of the crankshaft lubrication holes have been performed. It is shown that, depending on the operating mode of the engine and its design, the oil pressure in front of the connecting rod bearings does not disappear immediately after oil supply failure to crankshaft. Moreover, the lower the crankshaft speed is, the longer the lubrication of the conrod bearings will continue. The calculation results are confirmed by the data of the expert studies of the engine technical condition, in which the crankshaft was wedged in the damaged main bearings was found in the absence of serious damage to the connecting rod ones. It has been found that such features of the damage correspond to an rapid breakage of the oil supply to the crankshaft in the case of such operational damage as the oil pump and pressure reducing valve failure, the oil filter seal and oil pan destruction, etc. The developed model explains the difference in lubrication conditions and in the damage feature to the main and connecting rod bearings in the emergency cases of the oil supply breakage, which are observed during operation, and helps to clarify the failure causes. This makes it possible to use the model and the obtained data when providing auto technical expert studies of the failure causes of automobile internal combustion engines This makes it possible to use the model and the obtained data when providing auto technical expert studies of the failure causes of automobile internal combustion engines when the operating conditions are broken.

Compressor Design for Multi-Point Operating Conditions of Turbocharged Gasoline Engines

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Chen ◽  
Yangjun Zhang ◽  
Xinqian Zheng ◽  
Weilin Zhuge
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Compressor Design ◽  
Operating Points ◽  
Load Conditions

Turbocharger compressor design is a major challenge for performance improvement of turbocharged internal combustion engines. This paper presents a multi-point design methodology for turbocharger centrifugal compressors. In this approach, several design operating condition points of turbocharger compressor are considered according to total engine system requirements, instead of one single operating point for traditional design method. Different compressor geometric parameters are selected and investigated at multi-point operating conditions for the flow-solutions of different design objectives. The method has been applied with success to a small centrifugal compressor design of a turbocharged gasoline engine. The results show that the consideration of several operating points is essential to improve the aerodynamic behavior for the whole working range. The isentropic efficiency has been increased by more than 5% at part-load conditions while maintaining the pressure ratio and flow range at full-load conditions of the gasoline engine.

scholarly journals The use of thermography in the diagnosis of ship piston internal combustion engines

2018 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 01027
Author(s):  
Jan Monieta
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Fault State ◽  
Floating Objects

The intensity of infrared radiation emitted by objects depends mainly on their temperature. One of the diagnostic signals may be the temperature field. In infrared thermography, this quantity is used as an indicator of the technical condition of marine objects. The article presents an overview of the use of infrared thermography for the diagnosis mainly of marine piston floating objects and various types of reciprocating internal combustion engines as well as examples of own research results. A general introduction to infrared thermography and common procedures for temperature measurement and non-destructive testing are presented. Experimental research was carried out both in laboratory conditions and in the operating conditions of sea-going vessels. Experimental studies consisted of the presentation of photographs of the same objects made in visible light and the use of infrared thermography. The same objects were also compared, but for different cylinders of the tested internal combustion engines as well as for the up state and fault state. The characteristics of the temperature values at selected points were taken depending on the engine load along with the approximation mathematical models of these dependencies.

scholarly journals A zonal approach for estimating pressure ratio at compressor extreme off-design conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Galindo ◽  
Roberto Navarro ◽  
Luis Miguel García-Cuevas ◽  
Daniel Tarí ◽  
Hadi Tartoussi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Performance Map

Zero-dimensional/one-dimensional computational fluid dynamics codes are used to simulate the performance of complete internal combustion engines. In such codes, the operation of a turbocharger compressor is usually addressed employing its performance map. However, simulation of engine transients may drive the compressor to work at operating conditions outside the region provided by the manufacturer map. Therefore, a method is required to extrapolate the performance map to extended off-design conditions. This work examines several extrapolating methods at the different off-design regions, namely, low-pressure ratio zone, low-speed zone and high-speed zone. The accuracy of the methods is assessed with the aid of compressor extreme off-design measurements. In this way, the best method is selected for each region and the manufacturer map is used in design conditions, resulting in a zonal extrapolating approach aiming to preserve accuracy. The transitions between extrapolated zones are corrected, avoiding discontinuities and instabilities.

A Novel Electromechanical Solution for Cam-Switching in High Performance Internal Combustion Engines

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea De Martin ◽  
Giovanni Jacazio ◽  
Massimo Sorli
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Valve Lift ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Critical Aspect ◽  
Conceptual Design Phase ◽  
Common Strategy ◽  
Switch System

Abstract The variation of the valve lift is a fairly common strategy currently adopted in several in-service internal combustion engines to optimize their performance depending on the operating conditions of the vehicle. The most critical aspect to consider during the conceptual design phase of a cam switch system is the extremely narrow window of opportunity to perform the cam change, which duration is defined by the time during which the corresponding valve lift is null. To meet this requirement and ensure safe, repeatable movements, a novel architecture based on the combination of a new electromechanical actuator and its dedicated control system is presented. The architecture is at first introduced with reference to the numerous examples available in the literature, and hence mathematically described. The dynamic model of the system derived from the presented equation is then used to study the performance of the presented solution and define its control strategy. Results are finally presented and discussed.

Development of the Control and Acquisition System for a Natural-Gas Spark-Ignition Engine Test Bench

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Gasbarro ◽  
Jinlong Liu ◽  
Christopher Ulishney ◽  
Cosmin E. Dumitrescu ◽  
Luca Ambrogi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Acquisition System ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Engine Test ◽  
New Sensors

Abstract Investigations using laboratory test benches are the most common way to find the technological solutions that will increase the efficiency of internal combustion engines and curtail their emissions. In addition, the collected experimental data are used by the CFD community to develop engine models that reduce the time-to-market. This paper describes the steps made to increase the reliability of engine experiments performed in a heavy-duty natural-gas spark-ignition engine test-cell such as the design of the control and data acquisition system based on Modbus TCP communication protocol. Specifically, new sensors and a new dynamometer controller were installed. The operation of the improved test bench was investigated at several operating conditions, with data obtained at both high- and low-sampling rates. The results indicated a stable test bench operation.

Behavior Prediction Model in Gas Fueled Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engines Turbocharged for Genset Application

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Duarte Forero ◽  
German Amador Diaz ◽  
Fabio Blanco Castillo ◽  
Lesme Corredor Martinez ◽  
Ricardo Vasquez Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Methane Number

In this paper, a mathematical model is performed in order to analyze the effect of the methane number (MN) on knock tendency when spark ignition internal combustion engine operate with gaseous fuels produced from different thermochemical processes. The model was validated with experimental data reported in literature and the results were satisfactory. A general correlation for estimating the autoignition time of gaseous fuels in function of cylinder temperature, and pressure, equivalence ratio and methane number of the fuel was carried out. Livengood and Wu correlation is used to predict autoignition in function of the crank angle. This criterium is a way to predict the autoignition tendency of a fuel/air mixture under engine conditions and consider the ignition delay. A chemical equilibrium model which considers 98 chemical species was used in this research in order to simulate the combustion of the gaseous fuels at differents engine operating conditions. The effect of spark advance, equivalence ratio, methane number (MN), charge (inlet pressure) and inlet temperature (manifold temperature) on engine knocking is evaluated. This work, explore the feasibility of using syngas with low methane number as fuel for commercial internal combustion engines.

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