ON THE TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYLACTIDE (PLA) APPLIED IN 3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY

Tribologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 289 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Wojciech PAWLAK ◽  
Piotr KOWALEWSKI ◽  
Robert PRZEKOP
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Linear Wear ◽  
Mass Percentage ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
3D Printing Technology ◽  
Good Material ◽  
Pin On Disc

The article presents the results of basic tribological research of polylactide enriched with MoS2 powder. The research was conducted on a pin-on-disc station. Samples dimensions: 8 mm height, 8 mm diameter, printed in FFF/FDM method. Two mass percentages of addition were created: 1% and 2.5%. As counter-specimen steel (C45) disc was used. Ra roughness of counter-specimen was in the range of 0.3–0.4. The main purpose is to determine optimal, in the light of tribological properties, mass percentage values of additions in polylactide in the 3D printing application. The research has shown that materials with more MoS2 addition would not be a good material for use in the production of prototype bearings, due to increased linear wear. It is also worth noting that the MoS2 addition improves material properties in terms of the 3D printing process. Thanks to the addition, even up to 1%, the required temperature of the printing nozzle has been significantly reduced, as well as flow resistance in the nozzle.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE ADDITION OF GRAPHITE ON THE TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYLACTIC (PLA) APPLIED IN 3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY

Tribologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 277 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech PAWLAK ◽  
Wojciech WIELEBA ◽  
Janusz KLUCZYŃSKI ◽  
Lucjan ŚNIEŻEK
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Linear Wear ◽  
Optimal Composition ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Steel Disc ◽  
Preliminary Research

The article presents the results of studies on the influence of the addition of graphite to a PLA filament on linear wear and the coefficient of friction. A cylinder of 8 millimetre diameter manufactured in Fused Filament Fabrication process, popularly called 3D printing was used as a specimen. Studies were conducted on pin-on-disc testing machine, in which the cylinders mentioned above were paired with a steel disc – the counter-specimen. Specimens used in research were enriched by 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30% of graphite in comparison to the base filament – Natural PLA, which were not enriched with any additions that could improve its tribological properties. The experiment was conducted as a preliminary research. The gained results create a basis to select the optimal composition of additions to the PLA to create a filament with better tribological properties.

RESEARCH OF TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYLACTIDE (PLA) IN THE 3D PRINTING PROCESS IN COMPARISON TO THE INJECTION PROCESS

Tribologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 283 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech PAWLAK ◽  
Wojciech WIELEBA ◽  
Roman WRÓBLEWSKI
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Injection Moulding ◽  
Linear Wear ◽  
Kinetic Friction ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Experiment Method ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Steel Disc ◽  
Properties Of Materials

This article presents the results of studies on the tribological properties of linear wear and kinetic friction of polylactide processed by 3D printing (FFF) and injection moulding. Research was conducted on a pin on disc apparatus, and the test specimens used were polylactide cylinders with the counter specimen of C45 steel disc. Research was planned and executed with the planned experiment method for two variables: velocity of the counter specimen and pressure. The range of specified values was in the following sections: p = 0.2;0.6 MPa and v m s = 0.2;1.0 . The conducted experiment had a target of defining the influence of a somewhat new method of 3D printing on the tribological properties of materials that might find application in prototyping plain bearings.

Exploring the Multi-Stage Effects of Material Preparation and Printing on 3D Printing Product Quality

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahand Hajifar ◽  
Ramanarayanan Purnanandam ◽  
Hongyue Sun ◽  
Chi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Good Property ◽  
Metal Powders ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Flexible Parts ◽  
Printing Processes ◽  
Material Preparation

Abstract 3D printing is a promising technique to fabricate flexible parts and reduce the supply chain. Various materials, such as metal powders, plastics, ultraviolet (UV) sensitive resins, can be fabricated from 3D printing and form the final printed part. Currently, most researchers either focus on exploring printable materials with good property or focus on the process quality control given a certain type of material. However, for many 3D printing processes, the printing process and product properties are dependent on both the material properties and process settings. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the quantitative analysis of the interactions of material properties and printing process settings are rarely studied. In this paper, we treat the material preparation and 3D printing as different manufacturing stages, and we explore the multi-stage effects in 3D printing. In particular, we add carbon fiber to the CLEAR resin to alter the material properties for a stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing process. It is observed that the part properties are jointly affected by material properties and printing process settings. Therefore, the material property and process settings should be jointly considered for optimizing 3D printing processes.

Impact of 3D-printing structure on the tribological properties of polymers

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 811-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muammel M. Hanon ◽  
Róbert Marczis ◽  
László Zsidai
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Wear Depth ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Polylactide Acid ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of three-dimensional (3D)-printing process settings (particularly print orientation) on the tribological properties of different polymers. Design/methodology/approach In this study, fused deposition modelling 3D-printing technology was used for fabricating the specimens. To evaluate the influence of print orientation, the test pieces were manufactured horizontally (X) and vertically (Z). The tribological properties of various printed polymers, which are polylactide acid, high tensile/high temperature-polylactide acid and polyethylene terephthalate-glycol have been studied. The tribological tests have been carried out under reciprocating sliding and dry condition. Findings The results show that the presence of various orientations during the 3D-printing process makes a difference in the coefficient of friction and the wear depth values. Findings suggest that printing structure in the horizontal orientation (X) assists in reducing friction and wear. Originality/value To date, there has been very limited research on the tribology of objects produced by 3D printing. This work was made as an attempt to pave the way for future research on the science of tribology of 3D-printed polymers.

3D printing process selection model based on triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers in cloud manufacturing

2016 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 1750028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ce Shi ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Jingeng Mai ◽  
Zhen Zhao
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Fuzzy Numbers ◽  
Cloud Manufacturing ◽  
Cloud Platform ◽  
Process Selection ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Numbers ◽  
3D Printers

The distributed and customized 3D printing can be realized by 3D printing services in a cloud manufacturing environment. As a growing number of 3D printers are becoming accessible on various 3D printing service platforms, there raises the concern over the validation of virtual product designs and their manufacturing procedures for novices as well as users with 3D printing experience before physical products are produced through the cloud platform. This paper presents a 3D model to help users validate their designs and requirements not only in the traditional digital 3D model properties like shape and size, but also in physical material properties and manufacturing properties when producing physical products like surface roughness, print accuracy and part cost. These properties are closely related to the process of 3D printing and materials. In order to establish the 3D model, the paper analyzes the model of the 3D printing process selection in the cloud platform. Triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers are applied to generate a set of 3D printers with the same process and material. Based on the 3D printing process selection model, users can establish the 3D model and validate their designs and requirements on physical material properties and manufacturing properties before printing physical products.

scholarly journals Dense ceramics with complex shape fabricated by 3D printing: A review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Chen ◽  
Xiaohong Sun ◽  
Yunpeng Shang ◽  
Kunzhou Xiong ◽  
Zhongkai Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Complex Shape ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
3D Printing Technology ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Ceramic Density

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) printing technology is becoming a promising method for fabricating highly complex ceramics owing to the arbitrary design and the infinite combination of materials. Insufficient density is one of the main problems with 3D printed ceramics, but concentrated descriptions of making dense ceramics are scarce. This review specifically introduces the principles of the four 3D printing technologies and focuses on the parameters of each technology that affect the densification of 3D printed ceramics, such as the performance of raw materials and the interaction between energy and materials. The technical challenges and suggestions about how to achieve higher ceramic density are presented subsequently. The goal of the presented work is to comprehend the roles of critical parameters in the subsequent 3D printing process to prepare dense ceramics that can meet the practical applications.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF 3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION IN CONSTRUCTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-93
Author(s):  
Yevhen Zaiats ◽  
Igor Bogdanov ◽  
Hryhorii Nevhomonnyi ◽  
Іryna Merylovа ◽  
Olexandr Rechyts
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Residential Construction ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
3D Printing Technology ◽  
The Future ◽  
New Material ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Resource Costs

The article discusses the technology of 3D printing in the field of construction in detail. The analysis of the technical constraints of the technology, as well as the architectural and planning possibilities of using 3D printing is carried out. In the course of the study, it was found that the technology is developing and expanding its opportunities: the search for new material properties, production technologies, combination of elements and extension into the typology of structures: residential and civil construction, infrastructure facilities, small architectural forms, etc. The article contains graphic examples. The study examines the modern market of 3D printing construction, as well as analyzes the prospects for using this technology in construction. It has been established that the number of structures built with 3D printing technology (in full or in part) increases annually, which generates interest not only in the development of the technology, but also in the experience of its application. The article provides conclusions which determine the potential of 3D printing as the main technology of the future in mass residential construction. It also raises the issue of developing concepts for the application of technology in order to minimize time and resource costs. 

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF IRRADIATION WITH AN ELECTRON BEAM ON MECHANICAL, SCLEROMETRIC, AND TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PTFE WITH A GRAPHITE ADDITIVE

Tribologia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 267 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian BARYLSKI ◽  
Sławomir KAPTACZ ◽  
Krzysztof ANIOŁEK ◽  
Marian KUPKA
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Linear Wear ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Pin On Disc

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with a 15% graphite additive was subjected to irradiation using an electron beam of energy of 10 MeV in doses of 26, 52, 78, 104, and 156 kGy. The effect of electron beam irradiation on the mechanical, sclerometric, and tribological properties of the material was examined. It was found that the modification through irradiation entailed a gradual increase in the microhardness and Young's modulus as the absorbed dose of irradiation increased. A stereometric analysis of the scratch traces on the material allowed for the determination of the coefficients of the wear micromechanism, β, and resistance to wear, Wβ. After irradiation (especially with a dose of 104 kGy), a significant quantity of the material showed traces of ploughing; the value of the wear resistance coefficient Wβ for the PTFE subjected to cross-linking also increased considerably, which indicated a significant reduction of the tribological wear in relation to the initial material. Examination of abrasive wear of PTFE was performed for the polymer in its initial state and after modification through radiation on a pin-on-disc test stand, T-01. The tests have shown more than a five times reduction of the linear wear during the interaction with a titanium counter-specimen.

scholarly journals Research on Mechanical & Tribological Properties of Natural Fiber Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3215-3219
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Pin On Disc

The composite materials play an vital role and all the researchers are attracted towards this research areas and the composite material give an outcome of very enriched material properties which will change our future and avoid so many disadvantages that are facing now here we are discussing about a composite material that is made of resign and hardener by mixing in the proportion of 90:10 percentages that is we add 90% of the resign to the 10% of hardener along with the filler material and horn powder. Here we are interested in checking the material properties that are obtained during our experiment and see how they are differ from the previous ones like they are avoiding toxicity of the material or not and the strength both tensile and compressive and see how much the hardness is increased along with these we also do wear resistance test on the pin on disc experiment setup and obtain their results.

scholarly journals Microreactor Production by PolyJet Matrix 3D-Printing Technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mladen Šercer ◽  
Damir Godec ◽  
Božidar Šantek ◽  
Roland Ludwig ◽  
Martina Andlar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Methods ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Complex Geometries ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Single Phase Flow ◽  
3D Printing Technology ◽  
3D Printed

This work investigates the methodology of producing a 3D-printed microreactor from the acrylic resin by PolyJet Matrix process. The PolyJet Matrix technology employs different materials or their combinations to generate 3D-printed structures, from small ones to complex geometries, with different material properties. Experimental and numerical methods served for the evaluation of the geometry and production of the microreactor and its hydrodynamic characterization. The operational limits of the single-phase flow in the microchannels, further improvements and possible applications of the microreactor were assessed based on the hydrodynamic characterization.

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