scholarly journals Analysis of safety impact of paved shoulder width on Czech secondary roads

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 125-136
Author(s):  
Jiří Ambros ◽  
Zuzana Křivánková ◽  
Robert Zůvala ◽  
Kateřina Bucsuházy ◽  
Jindřich Frič
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Crash Severity ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Crash Frequency ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Driving Speed ◽  
Single Vehicle ◽  
Speed Management

Traffic safety is influenced, among other factors, by characteristics of the roads, which include the width of the shoulder. Shoulder width was noted to have a large effect on crash frequency, as well as on traffic speed. In this paper, we focused on paved shoulders. Previous studies confirmed that increasing the width of the paved shoulder is associated with a decrease in crash frequency. However, wider shoulders may encourage higher driving speed, which is related to an increase of impact speed and crash severity – this issue was hypothesized, but not statistically investigated. Thus, conclusions based on crashes and speeds contradict each other, and there is no simple answer to the question of the safety impact of wide shoulders. To address this gap, we analyzed a sample of two most typical categories of Czech secondary roads, which differ only in the paved shoulder width (S9.5 roads with 0.75m-wide shoulder, and S11.5 roads with 1.75m-wide shoulder) and thus present a suitable example for studying the safety impact of paved shoulder width. We used generalized linear models of crash frequency, and multinomial logistic models of crash severity (separately for single-vehicle and multi-vehicle crashes), as well as a statistical test of differences in speed for the two road categories. The results showed that: Firstly, there were fewer crashes on S11.5 roads compared to S9.5 roads; this was true for both single-vehicle and multi-vehicle crashes. Secondly, single-vehicle crashes on S11.5 roads were more severe compared to S9.5 roads; the change of severity in multi-vehicle crashes was not statistically significant. Thirdly, driving speeds on S11.5 roads were approx. by 7 km/h higher compared to S9.5 roads. These findings support the hypothesis of an association between wider shoulders, higher speeds, and increased crash severity, especially in the case of single-vehicle crashes. As a practical solution, various speed management measures, including widening to a 2+1 road, may be recommended.

scholarly journals Motor Scooters and Mopeds

2008 ◽  
Vol 2074 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narelle Haworth ◽  
Angela Nielson
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
The State ◽  
Crash Severity ◽  
Loss Of Control ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Registration Data ◽  
Single Vehicle ◽  
Crash Types ◽  
Motorcycle Crashes

Little is known about the crash involvement of scooters and mopeds and whether they are safer than other motorcycles. Difficulties in defining motor scooters and mopeds and identifying them in crash and other databases have hindered research. This paper reviews recent research and analyzes the nature and extent of moped and motorcycle crashes in the State of Queensland, Australia. Analyses of merged crash and registration data found that the number of moped crashes increased from 25 in 2001 to 97 in 2005. Most crashes resulted in hospitalization (43%) or medical treatment (38%) and occurred between 6 a.m. and 6 p.m. on weekdays in low-speed areas. Overall, 50.8% of crashes occurred at intersections and 32.3% were single-vehicle crashes. The most common crash types were collisions between vehicles traveling in the same direction (24.8%), loss of control on a straight road (23.1%), and collisions between the moped and another vehicle on an adjacent approach to an intersection (18.2%). The ratio of motorcycle to moped crashes was about 19:1, but moped crashes increased at a greater rate during 2001–2005 (260% versus 71%). The distributions of crash severity were similar. Moped crashes more often involved loss of control on a straight road (23.1% versus 12.7%), while motorcycle crashes more often involved loss of control on a curve (13.6% versus 5.0%). Moped riders in crashes were much more likely than motorcycle riders to be female (37.9% versus 7.2%) and younger and hold an interstate (10.8% versus 1.3%) or overseas (7.8% versus 0.7%) license. The interpretation of these data and their implications for licensing and other countermeasures are discussed.

scholarly journals Spatial Influence Analysis of Traffic Safety in Diverging Areas between Freeway Segments and Off Ramps

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuiping Zhang ◽  
Xuedong Yan ◽  
Meiwu An ◽  
Hui Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Crash Frequency ◽  
Statistical Point ◽  
Spatial Influence ◽  
Practical Support ◽  
Traffic Conflicts ◽  
Significant Factors

There tend to be more crashes occurring in freeway diverging segments due to increasing traffic conflicts between diverging vehicles and nondiverging vehicles. The diverging segments have a safety impact on the precedent basic segments and the following off ramps. It is always a challenge to accurately define the safety influential area of freeway diverging segments. In previous studies, fixed buffer in size is pregiven for crash frequency analysis in diverging segments, which lacks theoretical and practical support. In this study, the safety influential area was investigated from the statistical point of view. Data from a geocoded GIS crash database for Colorado Springs metropolitan area was used; the statistically significant factors associated with crash frequency were examined for the spatial influence of freeway diverging segments. Also, the generalized linear models with negative binomial link function were applied to predict the crash frequency for freeway diverging segments and off ramps based on the influential area. The results may give some insights into the causation of crashes on diverging segments and off-ramp intersections.

scholarly journals Assessing Driving Risk Using Internet of Vehicles Data: An Analysis Based on Generalized Linear Models

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Sun ◽  
Jun Bi ◽  
Montserrat Guillen ◽  
Ana M. Pérez-Marín
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Accelerator Pedal ◽  
Internet Of Vehicles ◽  
Driving Speed ◽  
Driving Risk ◽  
Market Needs

With the major advances made in internet of vehicles (IoV) technology in recent years, usage-based insurance (UBI) products have emerged to meet market needs. Such products, however, critically depend on driving risk identification and driver classification. Here, ordinary least square and binary logistic regressions are used to calculate a driving risk score on short-term IoV data without accidents and claims. Specifically, the regression results reveal a positive relationship between driving speed, braking times, revolutions per minute and the position of the accelerator pedal. Different classes of risk drivers can thus be identified. This study stresses both the importance and feasibility of using sensor data for driving risk analysis and discusses the implications for traffic safety and motor insurance.

scholarly journals Urban Intersections and Traffic Safety in the City of San Antonio

2019 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 06003
Author(s):  
Qasim Adegbite ◽  
Khondoker Billah ◽  
Hatim Sharif ◽  
Samer Dessouky
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
San Antonio ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Crash Severity ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Crash Frequency ◽  
Crash Rates ◽  
Traffic Control System ◽  
The City

Intersections are high-risk locations on roadways and often experience high incidence of crashes. Better understanding of the factors contributing to crashes and deaths at intersections is crucial. This study analyzed the factors related to crash incidence and crash severity at intersections in San Antonio for crashes from 2013 to 2017 and identified hotspot locations based on crash frequency and crash rates. Binary logistic regression model was considered for the analysis using crash severity as the response variable. Factors found to be significantly associated with the severity of intersection crashes include age of driver, day of the week, month, road alignment, and traffic control system. The crashes occurred predominantly in the highdensity center of the city (downtown area). Overall, the identification of risk factors and their impact on crash severity would be helpful for road safety policymakers to develop proactive mitigation plans to reduce the frequency and severity of intersection crashes.

Examining Prominent Causes of Traffic Injury Severity in Louisiana with Multinomial Logistic Models

2020 ◽  
pp. 036119812096478
Author(s):  
Onyumbe Enumbe B. Lukongo
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Crash Severity ◽  
Fatal Accidents ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
The Road ◽  
Young Drivers ◽  
Safety Research

Accidents rank third among the top 10 leading causes of death in Louisiana, claiming more than 2,000 lives out of a total of almost 33,000 deaths. Drivers’ characteristics (age and gender), the geometry of the roadways, driving on the major roadways, the day of the week, and the wet or dry condition or the road have been associated with crash severity. This study applies unordered multinomial logistic models to investigate causes leading to crash severity in Louisiana. Several models were estimated and the best results were retained for presentation and discussion. Consistent with previous research, findings suggest that drivers’ gender and age matter for traffic safety. Individually, male and older drivers are too risky. Major roads, weekdays, dry surfaces, and road geometry increase the risk of fatal accidents. Male drivers are prone to severe and fatal accidents while old drivers are vulnerable to all types of accidents. Young drivers and female drivers feature among cases of injury and moderate accidents. Evidence suggests that crash severity is not ethnicity specific, contrary to some studies. This study is relevant because it builds a new dataset for safety research, identifies risk factors, and informs the aim of public safety policy to reduce loss of life, injuries, and costs resulting from motor vehicle accidents.

Overloading among crash-involved vehicles in China: identification of factors associated with overloading and crash severity

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangnan Zhang ◽  
Yanyan Li ◽  
Mark J King ◽  
Qiaoting Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Crash Severity ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Traffic Crash ◽  
Factors Associated

ObjectiveMotor vehicle overloading is correlated with the possibility of road crash occurrence and severity. Although overloading of motor vehicles is pervasive in developing nations, few empirical analyses have been performed on factors that might influence the occurrence of overloading. This study aims to address this shortcoming by seeking evidence from several years of crash data from Guangdong province, China.MethodsData on overloading and other factors are extracted for crash-involved vehicles from traffic crash records for 2006–2010 provided by the Traffic Management Bureau in Guangdong province. Logistic regression is applied to identify risk factors for overloading in crash-involved vehicles and within these crashes to identify factors contributing to greater crash severity. Driver, vehicle, road and environmental characteristics and violation types are considered in the regression models. In addition to the basic logistic models, association analysis is employed to identify the potential interactions among different risk factors during fitting the logistic models of overloading and severity.ResultsCrash-involved vehicles driven by males from rural households and in an unsafe condition are more likely to be overloaded and to be involved in higher severity overloaded vehicle crashes. If overloaded vehicles speed, the risk of severe traffic crash casualties increases. Young drivers (aged under 25 years) in mountainous areas are more likely to be involved in higher severity overloaded vehicle crashes.ConclusionsThis study identifies several factors associated with overloading in crash-involved vehicles and with higher severity overloading crashes and provides an important reference for future research on those specific risk factors.

scholarly journals Investigating Rural Single-Vehicle Crash Severity by Vehicle Types Using Full Bayesian Spatial Random Parameters Logit Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 7819
Author(s):  
Fulu Wei ◽  
Zhenggan Cai ◽  
Zhenyu Wang ◽  
Yongqing Guo ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Spatial Correlation ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Logit Model ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Crash Severity ◽  
Random Parameters ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Random Parameters Logit ◽  
Single Vehicle

The effect of risk factors on crash severity varies across vehicle types. The objective of this study was to explore the risk factors associated with the severity of rural single-vehicle (SV) crashes. Four vehicle types including passenger car, motorcycle, pickup, and truck were considered. To synthetically accommodate unobserved heterogeneity and spatial correlation in crash data, a novel Bayesian spatial random parameters logit (SRP-logit) model is proposed. Rural SV crash data in Shandong Province were extracted to calibrate the model. Three traditional logit approaches—multinomial logit model, random parameter logit model, and random intercept logit model—were also established and compared with the proposed model. The results indicated that the SRP-logit model exhibits the best fit performance compared with other models, highlighting that simultaneously accommodating unobserved heterogeneity and spatial correlation is a promising modeling approach. Further, there is a significant positive correlation between weekend, dark (without street lighting) conditions, and collision with fixed object and severe crashes and a significant negative correlation between collision with pedestrians and severe crashes. The findings can provide valuable information for policy makers to improve traffic safety performance in rural areas.

scholarly journals Identification of Factors Leading to High Severity of Crashes in Rural Areas

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunanda Dissanayake ◽  
Indike Ratnayake
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Crash Severity ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Rural Highways ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
High Severity ◽  
Alcohol Involvement ◽  
Single Vehicle

This study made an effort to identify critical factors contributing to increased crash severities on rural highways. Crash data from the Kansas Accident Reporting System (KARS) database was analyzed and crash severity was modeled using ordered choice models. Many driver-related factors, such as alcohol involvement, lack of seat belt usage, excessive speed, and driver ejections because of the crash contribute to the increased severity of crashes in rural areas. Also, severities of single-vehicle crashes are higher than two-vehicle and animal-vehicle crashes. Factors related to roadway geometry such as sharp curves and steep grades are also found to contribute to the increased crash severity in rural areas.

Investigations of Road Wear Caused by Studded Tires

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-15
Author(s):  
Johannes Gültlinger ◽  
Frank Gauterin ◽  
Christian Brandau ◽  
Jan Schlittenhard ◽  
Burkhard Wies
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
The Road ◽  
Driving Speed ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Tire Friction ◽  
Variable Operating Conditions

ABSTRACT The use of studded tires has been a subject of controversy from the time they came into market. While studded tires contribute to traffic safety under severe winter conditions by increasing tire friction on icy roads, they also cause damage to the road surface when running on bare roads. Consequently, one of the main challenges in studded tire development is to reduce road wear while still ensuring a good grip on ice. Therefore, a research project was initiated to gain understanding about the mechanisms and influencing parameters involved in road wear by studded tires. A test method using the institute's internal drum test bench was developed. Furthermore, mechanisms causing road wear by studded tires were derived from basic analytical models. These mechanisms were used to identify the main parameters influencing road wear by studded tires. Using experimental results obtained with the test method developed, the expected influences were verified. Vehicle driving speed and stud mass were found to be major factors influencing road wear. This can be explained by the stud impact as a dominant mechanism. By means of the test method presented, quantified and comparable data for road wear caused by studded tires under controllable conditions can be obtained. The mechanisms allow predicting the influence of tire construction and variable operating conditions on road wear.

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