Origin of a Risk-Based Security System

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Marek Adamkiewicz

In general, from a long-term perspective, we implement various systems aimed to improve our lives. The exception, however, is war, which — by definition — assumes achieving certain benefits through losses. Therefore, in the case of armed conflicts, it is impossible to ensure stabilisation and balance of social relations, as every military conflict, while serving future goals, simultaneously ruins the present ones. After all, war is the manifestation of risks undertaken in the name of uncertain objectives and a tragedy experienced both by losers and winners. War always entails losses, suffering and widespread crime, as well as blurs the concept of moral good. From this point of view, war appears to be foolish and dangerous to life and health. Nevertheless, militarisation has been the most pronounced trend underlining the dynamics of history, driving technological progress and civilisational development, even at the cost of abandoning transcendental hope for the better. War, although an unquestionable evil, does not deter people, but rather entices them, as exemplified by various dangerous behaviours in common risk-taking at various levels.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constanze Janda

The textbook is dealing with the fundamental legal aspects of the long-term care insurance and the fields of law related to that. The latest legislative developments and reforms, such as the two “Pflegestärkungsgesetze” are presented, thus the book is higly up-to-date. After defining and discussing the concept of “need of care”, the authors present the eligibility criteria and benefits in the long-term care insurance from the claimants’ point of view. Additionally, the legal relations between service providers and the cost-bearers as well as matters of quality assurance are reflected. The focus is set on the social care insurance (SGB XI), but benefits of the health care insurance (SGB V) and the social assistance scheme (SGB XII) related to care are dealt with, too. Schedules, case studies and sample examinations questions make the book a very helpful guide through the law of care for students of law, social work and care. Besides, pracitioners can get a concise overwiev on the recent development in care.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (59) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Everton Das Neves GONÇALVES

RESUMO Objetivo: O trabalho registra as primeiras impressões, em especial, no Brasil, em março de 2020, sobre origem e avanço do COVID-19 a partir de uma situação anômala de quarentena física. Como objetivo geral, o estudo investiga a visão espiritualista da análise econômica do Direito como instrumental para implementar alteridade nas relações sociais. Metodologia: Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, de método dedutivo e com recurso à análise bibliográfica e documental; tem como marco teórico, autores neoinstitucionalistas como Douglas North e Joseph Schumpeter e espíritas como Francisco Candido Xavier e Divaldo Pereira Franco. Resultados: Conclui-se que o COVID-19 propicia a oportunidade para a difusão de visão político-econômico-jurídica, voltada para a alteridade e a felicidade, a necessidade de mudança na forma de agir individual e coletiva para que seja possível a felicidade. O COVID-19 vem como mais um instrumento de “reorganização” da humanidade, ainda que o custo de vidas seja tão alto do ponto de vista existencial. O ceifar da morte ainda nos deixa perplexos; porém, do ponto de vista da essência humana, grandes aprendizados podem ser introjetados em nossa experiência de vida. Contribuições: O trabalho registra a origem e avanço do COVID-19, destacando a necessidade de mudança no agir individual e coletivo, possibilitando a felicidade. Especificamente, objetiva alertar para a necessidade de comportamento econômicojurídico, visando o bem econômico social através da “autodestruição renovadora eficiente-econômico-social” (ADRECOS). Palavras-chave: Direito e Economia; Direito e felicidade; análise econômica do Direito e o COVID-19. ABSTRACT Objective: The paper records the first impressions, especially in Brazil, in March 2020, about the origin and advance of COVID-19 from an anomalous physical quarantine situation. As a general objective, the study investigates the spiritualist view of economic analysis of Law as instrumental to implement otherness in social relations. Methodology: This is a qualitative research, using a deductive method and bibliographic and documentary analysis; has as its theoretical framework, neoinstitutionalist authors such as Douglas North and Joseph Schumpeter and spiritualist such as Francisco Cândido Xavier and Divaldo Pereira Franco. Results: It is concluded that COVID-19 provides the opportunity for the diffusion of a political-economic-legal view, focused on otherness and happiness, the need to change the way of acting individually and collectively, so that happiness is possible. COVID-19 comes as another instrument for the “reorganization” of humanity, even though the cost of living is so high from an existential point of view. The reaping of death still perplexes us; however, from the point of view of human essence, great learnings can be introjected into our life experience. Contributions: The work records the origin and progress of COVID-19, highlighting the need for change in individual and collective action, enabling happiness.Specifically, it aims to alert to the need for economic-legal behavior, aiming at the social economic good through the “efficient-economic-social renovating selfdestruction” (ADRECOS). Keywords: Law and Economics; Law and happiness; economic analysis of Law and COVID-19.


Transport ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona Jaržemskienė ◽  
Vytautas Jaržemskis

The article presents a valuable concept seeking to solve the problem of demand uncertainty in intermodal transport. Regular traffic is quite important for moving containers, trailers and swap bodies. To keep regularity with uncertain demand means to have backlogs or empty space. Both of them are inefficient from an economical point of view. In practice, a day‐by‐day demand forecast is meaningful only for the next two or three days. This poses serious allotment management problems to freight forwarders and shippers since long‐term contract allotments need to be planned many months ahead. The article presents a stochastic dynamic programming model for a short‐term allotment planning a model that would be very valuable for implementing intermodal solutions. The presented model evaluates optimal cost policy based on the economic trade‐off between the cost of backlogged shipment and the cost of acquiring additional allotment.


Author(s):  
Oleksandra Severinova ◽  

The article analyzes the historical law bases of legal responsibility of servicemen during armed conflicts. The typification of armed conflicts is classified and carried out on various grounds, including on the basis of evolutionary nature (four generations of wars). It is concluded that in the XXI century armed conflicts have a number of fundamentally new features (unconventionality, nonlinearity, irregularity, asymmetry and non-military nature), which distinguishes them from the armed confrontations of previous epochs and refers to the fourth generation wars. The analysis described the following similar terms: «war», «military conflict», «armed conflict», and identified similarities, identities or substantive differences between them, which is important for the correct legal classification of war crimes. The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that today the aggressor states in armed conflicts use the so-called «hybrid means of warfare», which include, in addition to confrontation on the battlefield in the classical sense, confrontation on economic, informational, political and cultural fronts. The emergence of these new weapons requires the study of the essence of «hybrid» confrontation: the means, methods and tactics used, the purpose of defeat by one means or another to deter the aggressor states, as well as to counter them. The urgency of the topic is also due to the fact that Ukraine today, unfortunately, found itself in a state of armed confrontation, fell victim to a «hybrid conflict» on the part of the Russian Federation. As practice shows, the nature of the discussion of this problem and the process of developing and approving specific measures aimed at counteracting and deterring the aggressor state proves the inability of most international organizations responsible for international peace and security to address such issues in practice. From this point of view, a historical and legal analysis of the formation of the institution of legal responsibility of servicemen during armed conflicts, given the crucial importance of bringing to justice those guilty of war crimes.


2020 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
A. V. Kozlovsky ◽  
O. E. Astafieva ◽  
N. A. Moiseenko

The issues of cost management from the point of view of substantiating the reduction in the cost of investment products in order to create reasoned conditions for the interest of investors in long-term investments have been considered. The main emphasis on the real economic sector has been made, since it is in this sector that budget revenues at all levels are generated and overall economic growth is ensured. The existing mechanism of cost management in the implementation of investment programs has been assessed. Attention to the main elements of the cost management mechanism in the investment and construction sector of the economy has been paid. Factors that determine the level of production expenses taking into account the specifics of construction products have been analysed. An attempt to justify multi-factor cost management has been made. Management functions by performers have been differentiated.


Phlebologie ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (03) ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
H. Partsch

SummaryBackground: Compression stockings are widely used in patients with varicose veins. Methods: Based on published literature three main points are discussed: 1. the rationale of compression therapy in primary varicose veins, 2. the prescription of compression stockings in daily practice, 3. studies required in the future. Results: The main objective of prescribing compression stockings for patients with varicose veins is to improve subjective leg complaints and to prevent swelling after sitting and standing. No convincing data are available concerning prevention of progression or of complications. In daily practice varicose veins are the most common indication to prescribe compression stockings. The compliance depends on the severity of the disorder and is rather poor in less severe stages. Long-term studies are needed to proof the cost-effectiveness of compression stockings concerning subjective symptoms and objective signs of varicose veins adjusted to their clinical severity. Conclusion: Compression stockings in primary varicose veins are able to improve leg complaints and to prevent swelling.


Author(s):  
Sergey Kovalenko

The management of surface watercourses is an urgent scientific task. The article presents the results of statistical processing of long-term monthly data of field observations of hydrological and hydrochemical parameters along the Upper Yerga small river in the Vologda region. Sampling estimates of statistical parameters are obtained, autocorrelation and correlation analyzes are performed. The limiting periods from the point of view of pollution for water receivers receiving wastewater from drained agricultural areas are identified.


2017 ◽  
pp. 34-47
Author(s):  
Hoi Le Quoc ◽  
Nam Pham Xuan ◽  
Tuan Nguyen Anh

The study was targeted at developing a methodology for constructing a macroeconomic performance index at a provincial level for the first time in Vietnam based on 4 groups of measurements: (i) Economic indicators; (ii) oriented economic indicators; (iii) socio-economic indicators; and (iv) economic - social – institutional indicators. Applying the methodology to the 2011 - 2015 empirical data of all provinces in Vietnam, the research shows that the socio-economic development strategy implemented by those provinces did not provide balanced outcomes between growth and social objectives, sustainability and inclusiveness. Many provinces focused on economic growth at the cost of structural change, equality and institutional transformation. In contrast, many provinces were successful in improving equality but not growth. Those facts threaten the long-term development objectives of the provinces.


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