scholarly journals ALLOTMENT BOOKING IN INTERMODAL TRANSPORT

Transport ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona Jaržemskienė ◽  
Vytautas Jaržemskis
Keyword(s):  
Demand Uncertainty ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Empty Space ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Stochastic Dynamic ◽  
Intermodal Transport ◽  
Demand Forecast ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Day By Day

The article presents a valuable concept seeking to solve the problem of demand uncertainty in intermodal transport. Regular traffic is quite important for moving containers, trailers and swap bodies. To keep regularity with uncertain demand means to have backlogs or empty space. Both of them are inefficient from an economical point of view. In practice, a day‐by‐day demand forecast is meaningful only for the next two or three days. This poses serious allotment management problems to freight forwarders and shippers since long‐term contract allotments need to be planned many months ahead. The article presents a stochastic dynamic programming model for a short‐term allotment planning a model that would be very valuable for implementing intermodal solutions. The presented model evaluates optimal cost policy based on the economic trade‐off between the cost of backlogged shipment and the cost of acquiring additional allotment.

scholarly journals Logistic platform placement for harmonious development of the nation’s intermodal network

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Rafael Arevalo Ascanio ◽  
Rafael Santofimio Rivera ◽  
Jair Eduardo Rocha González ◽  
Wilson Adarme Jaimes
Keyword(s):  
Programming Model ◽  
Optimal Location ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Intermodal Transport ◽  
Cargo Transport ◽  
Mixed Programming ◽  
Aggregation And Disaggregation ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Magdalena River ◽  
The Cost

This article considers the problem of locating multiple installations for the intermodal transport network in Colombia, and is based on the analysis of the transport of cargo from the main generating cities to the three most important port cities in the Caribbean region of the country: Barranquilla, Cartagena and Santa Marta; integrating the modes of transport by land, road and river. According to this, land transport by road is used from the source of cargo to the possible locations of the logistic platforms, and then the Magdalena River basin is used as a unique river corridor. The model proposed consists of determining the optimal location of a series of logistic platforms that guarantee a system of integration and cooperation in transport strategies for the country, in which aggregation and disaggregation of freight operations will be possible. In this aspect, an entire mixed programming model is performed with the objective of minimizing the total costs of transport and operation of the new intermodal network, with restrictions associated with the generation and processing of cargo, obtaining results in the cost functions related to cargo transport and leaving as evidence the potential of integrating intermodal transport for the country's competitiveness. 

Pflegerecht

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constanze Janda
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Term Care ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Term Care Insurance ◽  
The Cost

The textbook is dealing with the fundamental legal aspects of the long-term care insurance and the fields of law related to that. The latest legislative developments and reforms, such as the two “Pflegestärkungsgesetze” are presented, thus the book is higly up-to-date. After defining and discussing the concept of “need of care”, the authors present the eligibility criteria and benefits in the long-term care insurance from the claimants’ point of view. Additionally, the legal relations between service providers and the cost-bearers as well as matters of quality assurance are reflected. The focus is set on the social care insurance (SGB XI), but benefits of the health care insurance (SGB V) and the social assistance scheme (SGB XII) related to care are dealt with, too. Schedules, case studies and sample examinations questions make the book a very helpful guide through the law of care for students of law, social work and care. Besides, pracitioners can get a concise overwiev on the recent development in care.

scholarly journals THE MODEL OF ALLOTMENTS BOOKING IN A SHUTTLE TRAIN

Transport ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 236-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrius Jaržemskis
Keyword(s):  
Capacity Planning ◽  
Stochastic Dynamic Programming ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Stochastic Dynamic ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Departure Time ◽  
Dynamic Programming Model ◽  
The Cost

The article presents the model of allotments booking for trucks or containers in shuttle trains. This model could be used in practice if railway companies sale free allotments in rolling stock for forwarders. This paper proposes a stochastic dynamic programming model of a short‐term capacity planning model for necessary allotment. The allotment could be acquired by freight forwarders many months ahead on a contract basis, but usually the forecast demand is unreliable. The preplanning of allotment for transport units is needed when the date draws nearer to the train departure time. The presented model evaluates the optimal cost policy based on economic trade‐off between the cost of backlogged shipment and the cost of acquiring additional allotment.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Efficiency of Dairy Farms by Using the Method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)

2010 ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Tímea Gál ◽  
Gábor Grasselli ◽  
István Komlósi
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Health Products ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products ◽  
The Eu

In Hungary the dairy sector is in a long-term critical period, the stock has been in constant decline. The consumption of milk and dairy products in Hungary is slightly rising compared to the world tendency, and it is fallen behind the level in 1990. The milk consumption per capita in 2006 was with 75 liters less than the EU-15 average. Dairy enterprise is a very risky activity: the profitability of the enterprise is affected by the fluctuation of feed and animal health products prices from the side of inputs, and by the fluctuation of end-product prices. Under these circumstances it is vital for thecattle breeders, in order to survive, to harness the reserves in the breeding as effectively as possible. In our research we made a multi-faceted efficiency analysis of an agricultural holding’s three dairy farms. The chosen method for the analysis was Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Theselection of the method is justified by the fact that there is not such a reliable database by which we could define production functions, and that DEA makes possible to manage several inputs and outputs, i.e. multiple decision problems, simultaneously. By using DEA the sources that causes shortfalls can be identified, analyzed and quantified on farms that does not operate efficiently, thus it can help the corporate decision support successfully. In the model inputs are the cost data per one liter milk – feed, medicinal product use, logistic costs -, and the main parametersconcerning the keeping and rearing. Outputs are indicators concerning milk production, milk quality and others. We prepared the model in MS Excel, the linear programming model series were programmed by Visual Basic. After solving the model, in light of the shadow prices we can determine why either of the farms is not efficient.

Origin of a Risk-Based Security System

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Marek Adamkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Moral Good ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Future Goals ◽  
The Cost

In general, from a long-term perspective, we implement various systems aimed to improve our lives. The exception, however, is war, which — by definition — assumes achieving certain benefits through losses. Therefore, in the case of armed conflicts, it is impossible to ensure stabilisation and balance of social relations, as every military conflict, while serving future goals, simultaneously ruins the present ones. After all, war is the manifestation of risks undertaken in the name of uncertain objectives and a tragedy experienced both by losers and winners. War always entails losses, suffering and widespread crime, as well as blurs the concept of moral good. From this point of view, war appears to be foolish and dangerous to life and health. Nevertheless, militarisation has been the most pronounced trend underlining the dynamics of history, driving technological progress and civilisational development, even at the cost of abandoning transcendental hope for the better. War, although an unquestionable evil, does not deter people, but rather entices them, as exemplified by various dangerous behaviours in common risk-taking at various levels.

BETWEEN TRAVELLER, OBSERVER AND PILGRIM: MEETING OF POLISH ANTHROPOLOGIST/JOURNALIST AND LADAKHIAN BUDDHIST MONK

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 267-286
Author(s):  
Jacek Sieradzan
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Buddhist Monk ◽  
Social Landscape ◽  
Long Term Observation ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose. Showing the ethical nature of the meeting of anthropologist and journalist Krzysztof Renik with Buddhist monk Tashi, in an environment alien to both of them. Analysis of Renik’s book to find out whether the borders between traveler, pilgrim and tourist are luminal and fluid in nature. Method. Critical analysis of literature. Results. Affirmation of the theory regarding the fluid nature of social categories, in this case that of the traveler, pilgrim and tourist. Both Renik and Tashi are pilgrims, but also travelers/ pilgrims who wander through unknown countries. Research and conclusions limitations. No possibility of contact with the monk, the main character of the book. Practical implications. The article can have meaning for persons who try to understand the religious and social landscape of Hindu countries, and want to broaden their perspective of the world taking the point of view of an anthropologist who practiced long-term observation of the behavior of a Buddhist monk into account. Originality. Renik’s book is probably the first work relating the day-by-day common pilgrimage of the Ladakhian Buddhist monk and the Catholic anthropologist and journalist. The latter wanting to better understand Tashi’s engagement, also participated in Buddhist practices. Being a traveler and anthropologist, he becomes a pilgrim, and pilgrim Tashi frequently behaves like a traveler or common tourist. Type of paper. Case study.

Achieving an optimal global versus domestic sourcing balance under demand uncertainty

2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 1292-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byoungho Jin
Keyword(s):  
Demand Uncertainty ◽  
Ideal Point ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Global Sourcing ◽  
Delivery Time ◽  
Mixed Strategies ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Ideal

As manufacturers face demand uncertainty and new retailing practices, such as filling frequent, small replenishment orders, agility has become an important competitive tool. By sourcing globally, manufacturing firms can reduce production costs, but may not be agile enough to meet retailers' needs on a timely basis. To minimize the cost/agility trade‐off, many firms are combining global and domestic sourcing. However, factors to be considered for mixed strategies have not been suggested. Based on Bucklin's concepts of postponement and speculation, this study tried to find the ideal point, “I”, at which the optimal amount of global and domestic sourcing can be formulated considering the total cost and delivery time simultaneously. In mixing domestic and global sourcing to reach the optimum profit, this study provided four conditions under which the larger portion of domestic sourcing can be formulated: greater level of demand uncertainly, information and manufacturing technology, local subcontractor clusters, and long‐term relationship with a subcontractor.

scholarly journals VALUE MANAGEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
A. V. Kozlovsky ◽  
O. E. Astafieva ◽  
N. A. Moiseenko
Keyword(s):  
Cost Management ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Value Management ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Management Mechanism ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
Construction Products ◽  
Management Functions ◽  
The Cost

The issues of cost management from the point of view of substantiating the reduction in the cost of investment products in order to create reasoned conditions for the interest of investors in long-term investments have been considered. The main emphasis on the real economic sector has been made, since it is in this sector that budget revenues at all levels are generated and overall economic growth is ensured. The existing mechanism of cost management in the implementation of investment programs has been assessed. Attention to the main elements of the cost management mechanism in the investment and construction sector of the economy has been paid. Factors that determine the level of production expenses taking into account the specifics of construction products have been analysed. An attempt to justify multi-factor cost management has been made. Management functions by performers have been differentiated.

Primary varicose veins

Phlebologie ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (03) ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
H. Partsch
Keyword(s):  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Compression Therapy ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Compression Stockings ◽  
Primary Varicose Veins ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Convincing Data ◽  
Long Term Studies

SummaryBackground: Compression stockings are widely used in patients with varicose veins. Methods: Based on published literature three main points are discussed: 1. the rationale of compression therapy in primary varicose veins, 2. the prescription of compression stockings in daily practice, 3. studies required in the future. Results: The main objective of prescribing compression stockings for patients with varicose veins is to improve subjective leg complaints and to prevent swelling after sitting and standing. No convincing data are available concerning prevention of progression or of complications. In daily practice varicose veins are the most common indication to prescribe compression stockings. The compliance depends on the severity of the disorder and is rather poor in less severe stages. Long-term studies are needed to proof the cost-effectiveness of compression stockings concerning subjective symptoms and objective signs of varicose veins adjusted to their clinical severity. Conclusion: Compression stockings in primary varicose veins are able to improve leg complaints and to prevent swelling.

Selective statistical estimates of multi-year monthly concentrations of biogenous pollution of small rivers of the Northwest zone of the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Sergey Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Monthly Data ◽  
Statistical Estimates ◽  
Scientific Task ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Agricultural Areas

The management of surface watercourses is an urgent scientific task. The article presents the results of statistical processing of long-term monthly data of field observations of hydrological and hydrochemical parameters along the Upper Yerga small river in the Vologda region. Sampling estimates of statistical parameters are obtained, autocorrelation and correlation analyzes are performed. The limiting periods from the point of view of pollution for water receivers receiving wastewater from drained agricultural areas are identified.

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