scholarly journals Better Understanding Self-Organizing Cities: A Typology of Order and Rules in Informal Settlements

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-263
Author(s):  
Ninik Suhartini ◽  
Paul Jones
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Spatial Order ◽  
The Public ◽  
Informal Rules ◽  
Neighborhood Scale ◽  
Patterns And Processes ◽  
The City

Notions of order and rules play a key role in organizing the arrangement of built and unbuilt spaces. Order is achieved at various scales, such as the global, the metropolitan, the district and the neighborhood scale, by using formal and informal rules, regulations, plans and policies. Rules are the conduit by which the spatial order of urban areas is implemented and achieved. Combined with order, they are key tenets of modern planning, influencing the layout, patterns, and processes that shape urban areas. Set within the context of a wider understanding of order, rules, adaptation and how the city self-organizes and transforms, this paper examines a typology of order and rules determining the spatial order in informal settlements. The paper views the city as a dynamic system of formal rules, regulations, plans, codes and emergent informal rules, protocols and conventions that modulate and facilitate adaptation, incrementalism and step-by-step housing change in informal settlements. Using a case study of kampung Lebak Sililwangi in Bandung, Indonesia, the research deconstructed the local spatial order that exists and identifies two main rule types, namely defined and understood rules. These rules represent a set of socially acceptable activities, tasks and principles that residents use, modify and adapt to produce and refresh existing built and unbuilt spaces to meet varying needs. Rules may change from understood to defined rules and vice versa, and in this setting, systems of self-organization and arrangement of order continue to evolve and adapt. The paper is aimed at providing a deeper understanding of the nature of order and types of rules, including their relationship to the public interest and the production of negative externalities. Abstrak. Pengertian tatanan dan aturan memainkan peran kunci dalam mengatur penataan ruang terbangun dan tak terbangun. Tatanan dicapai di berbagai skala seperti global, metropolitan, distrik dan lingkungan dengan menggunakan aturan, regulasi, rencana dan kebijakan formal dan informal. Aturan adalah alat dan saluran untuk mencapai dan membangun suatu tatanan ruang wilayah perkotaan. Kombinasi antara tatanan dan aturan adalah prinsip utama dari perencanaan modern yang mempengaruhi tata letak, pola, dan proses yang membentuk daerah perkotaan. Dalam konteks pemahaman tatanan yang lebih luas terkait dengan aturan, adaptasi dan bagaimana kota mengatur dan mentransformasikan diri, makalah ini membahas tipologi tatanan dan aturan yang menentukan tatanan spasial di permukiman informal. Makalah ini memandang kota sebagai sistem dinamis dari aturan formal, regulasi, rencana, kode dan aturan informal yang muncul, protokol dan konvensi yang memodulasi dan memfasilitasi adaptasi, inkrementalisme dan perubahan perumahan bertahap di permukiman informal. Dengan menggunakan studi kasus kampung Lebak Sililwangi di Bandung, Indonesia, penelitian ini mendekonstruksi tatanan ruang lokal yang ada dan mengidentifikasi dua jenis aturan utama, yaitu aturan yang didefinisikan dan dipahami. Aturan-aturan ini mewakili serangkaian aktivitas, tugas, dan prinsip yang dapat diterima secara sosial yang digunakan, dimodifikasi, dan diadaptasi oleh penghuni untuk menghasilkan dan menghidupkan ruang yang sudah dibangun dan yang belum dibangun untuk memenuhi berbagai kebutuhan. Aturan dapat berubah dari aturan yang dipahami menjadi aturan yang didefinisikan dan sebaliknya. Dalam konteks ini, sistem pengaturan mandiri dan pengaturan tatanan terus berkembang dan beradaptasi. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman yang lebih dalam tentang sifat tatanan dan jenis aturan termasuk hubungannya dengan kepentingan publik dan produksi eksternalitas negatif.Kata kunci. pengaturan mandiri, tatanan, aturan, bentuk, struktur, permukiman informal.

scholarly journals Using Internet Search Queries to Assess Public Awareness of the Healthy Cities Approach: A Case Study in Shenzhen, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4264
Author(s):  
Jun Yang ◽  
Yutong Zhang ◽  
Yixiong Xiao ◽  
Shaoqing Shen ◽  
Mo Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Healthy Cities ◽  
Internet Search ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Search Queries ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
Data Source ◽  
The City

Cities around the globe are embracing the Healthy Cities approach to address urban health challenges. Public awareness is vital for successfully deploying this approach but is rarely assessed. In this study, we used internet search queries to evaluate the public awareness of the Healthy Cities approach applied in Shenzhen, China. The overall situation at the city level and the intercity variations were both analyzed. Additionally, we explored the factors that might affect the internet search queries of the Healthy Cities approach. Our results showed that the public awareness of the approach in Shenzhen was low. There was a high intercity heterogeneity in terms of interest in the various components of the Healthy Cities approach. However, we did not find a significant effect of the selected demographic, environmental, and health factors on the search queries. Based on our findings, we recommend that the city raise public awareness of healthy cities and take actions tailored to health concerns in different city zones. Our study showed that internet search queries can be a valuable data source for assessing the public awareness of the Healthy Cities approach.

unrechtliche peinliche schmehung oder dem gemeinen nutz nuetzlich?Eine Fallstudie zur Normenkonkurrenz im Schmähschriftprozess des 16. Jahrhunderts

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-149
Author(s):  
Jan Siegemund
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractLibel played an important and extraordinary role in early modern conflict culture. The article discusses their functions and the way they were assessed in court. The case study illustrates argumentative spaces and different levels of normative references in libel trials in 16th century electoral Saxony. In 1569, Andreas Langener – in consequence of a long stagnating private conflict – posted several libels against the nobleman Tham Pflugk in different public places in the city of Dresden. Consequently, he was arrested and charged with ‘libelling’. Depending on the reference to conflicting social and legal norms, he had therefore been either threatened with corporal punishment including his execution, or rewarded with laudations. In this case, the act of libelling could be seen as slander, but also as a service to the community, which Langener had informed about potentially harmful transgression of norms. While the common good was the highest maxim, different and sometimes conflicting legally protected interests had to be discussed. The situational decision depended on whether the articulated charges where true and relevant for the public, on the invective language, and especially on the quality and size of the public sphere reached by the libel.

Reconceptualizing the Public Spaces of New Urban Areas in Hanoi: The End or the New of Public-Making?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minh-Tung Tran ◽  
◽  
Tien-Hau Phan ◽  
Ngoc-Huyen Chu ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
The Public ◽  
Doi Moi ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Neighborhood Level

Public spaces are designed and managed in many different ways. In Hanoi, after the Doi moi policy in 1986, the transfer of the public spaces creation at the neighborhood-level to the private sector has prospered na-ture of public and added a large amount of public space for the city, directly impacting on citizen's daily life, creating a new trend, new concept of public spaces. This article looks forward to understanding the public spaces-making and operating in KDTMs (Khu Do Thi Moi - new urban areas) in Hanoi to answer the question of whether ‘socialization’/privatization of these public spaces will put an end to the urban public or the new means of public-making trend. Based on the comparison and literature review of studies in the world on public spaces privatization with domestic studies to see the differences in the Vietnamese context leading to differences in definitions and roles and the concept of public spaces in KDTMs of Hanoi. Through adducing and analyzing practical cases, the article also mentions the trends, the issues, the ways and the technologies of public-making and public-spaces-making in KDTMs of Hanoi. Win/loss and the relationship of the three most important influential actors in this process (municipality, KDTM owners, inhabitants/citizens) is also considered to reconceptualize the public spaces of KDTMs in Hanoi.

scholarly journals Building Smarter Cities through Social Entrepreneurship

2017 ◽  
pp. 327-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Bernardino ◽  
J. Freitas Santos
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Social Interventions ◽  
Social Ventures ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
The City ◽  
Disadvantaged People

The objective of the present study is to examine the extent to which social ventures are able to increase the “smartness” of cities. To achieve this goal, we adopt a qualitative approach using a case study method to obtain valuable insights about different characteristics and strategies of Cais (a non-profit association dedicated to helping disadvantaged people in urban areas). Through our analysis of Cais's activities, we assess whether its social interventions match the dimensions proposed by Giffinger et al. (2007) to rank smart cities' performance; specifically, it has smart: economy, people, governance, mobility, environment, and living. The research shows that the action pursued comprises elements from all the above-mentioned dimensions. Further, the analysis reveals that Cais reinforces the smartness of the city in which it acts (in terms of attributes such as living, economy, people, and environment).

scholarly journals Extending the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways at the City Scale to Inform Future Vulnerability Assessments — The Case of Boston, Massachusetts

2019 ◽  
Vol 06 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 2050009
Author(s):  
Jayne Lino ◽  
Guillaume Rohat ◽  
Paul Kirshen ◽  
Hy Dao
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Climate Change Research ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Vulnerability Assessments ◽  
Neighborhood Scale ◽  
The City ◽  
Neighborhood Level

Climate change will impact cities’ infrastructure and urban dwellers, who often show differentiated capacity to cope with climate-related hazards. The Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) are part of an emerging research field which uses global socioeconomic and climate scenarios, developed by the climate change research community, to explore how different socioeconomic pathways will influence future society’s ability to cope with climate change. While the SSPs have been extensively used at the global scale, their use at the local and urban scale has remained rare, as they first need to be contextualized and extended for the particular place of interest. In this study, we present and apply a method to develop multi-scale extended SSPs at the city and neighborhood scale. Using Boston, Massachusetts, as a case study, we combined scenario matching, experts’ elicitation, and participatory processes to contextualize and make the global SSPs relevant at the urban scale. We subsequently employed the extended SSPs to explore future neighborhood-level vulnerability to extreme heat under multiple plausible socioeconomic trajectories, highlighting the usefulness of extended SSPs in informing future vulnerability assessments. The large differences in outcomes hint at the enormous potential of risk reduction that social and urban planning policies could trigger in the next decades.

Transmedia Journalism and the City

2018 ◽  
pp. 147-161
Author(s):  
Renira Rampazzo Gambarato
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Participatory Culture ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Housing Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The City ◽  
Alternative Solutions

This chapter discusses the participatory flair of transmedia journalism within the concreteness of urban spaces by examining The Great British Property Scandal (TGBPS), a transmedia experience designed to inform and engage the public and offer alternative solutions to the long-standing housing crisis in the United Kingdom. The theoretical framework is centered on transmedia storytelling applied to journalism in the scope of urban spaces and participatory culture. The methodological approach of the case study is based on Gambarato's (2013) transmedia analytical model and applied to TGBPS to depict how transmedia strategies within urban spaces collaborated to influence social change. TGBPS is a pertinent example of transmedia journalism within the liquid society, integrating mobile technologies into daily processes with the potential for enhanced localness, customization, and mobility within the urban fabric.

scholarly journals Effects of Repeated Sand Replenishment Projects on Runs of a Beach-Spawning Fish, the California Grunion

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. M. Martin ◽  
Loni C. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Sandy Sediment ◽  
Spawning Habitat ◽  
California Department ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Late Night ◽  
Method Of Placement ◽  
The City

Beach habitats are diminishing globally, particularly in urban areas, as sea-level rise, erosion, and shoreline hardening, along with reduced sediment inputs, combine to squeeze the coast. In California, USA an endemic marine fish, the California grunion, spawns on sandy beaches during late-night spring tides. Its unique recreational fishery is managed by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife. The City of Oceanside, CA contracts for annual harbor dredging and, after testing, places the sandy sediment on its public beach. The effects on local beach wildlife from this annual sand replenishment are not known. We examined the effect of this repeated activity as a case study over three years on the spawning runs of the California grunion. Some spawning runs occurred in all three years, but the fish avoided areas with high scarps in the intertidal zone that developed following sand placement activity. Grunion spawning runs have declined in the habitat range as a whole over the past two decades, and those in Oceanside have declined to an even greater extent. Increasing sandy beach habitat can be beneficial to wildlife, but the method of placement, timing of the project, and fate of the beach afterward can modulate or prevent beneficial effects. Frequent repetition of sand placement may accumulate impacts without allowing sufficient time for the ecosystem to recover. Rather than improving the habitat, these repeated projects in Oceanside may degrade the spawning habitat for the grunion. Alternative discharge methods and locations, slope and elevation designs, sediment volumes, and greater care in beach fill practices should be implemented to reduce future impacts.

Green Urban Public Bikes Rental System: A Case Study of Taipei YouBike

2013 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 968-975
Author(s):  
Hui Hua Yang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Clear Indication ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
System A ◽  
Actual Experience ◽  
Taipei City

Public bikes rental system is an innovative scheme of rental bicycles in urban areas and can be seen as part of the public transport system. This study investigates the users of Taipei YouBike rental system, analysis their intention and behaviors, pre-expectation and actual experience on satisfaction. The result indicates that the users were mostly from long term annual fee commuters. The result also reveals distinct discrepancies between pre-expectation and actual experience, especially in distributes of safety routes and environments and clear indication of signs on bike routes. The findings can be used for Taipei City to improve the urban bicycle program and make more effort to develop safety cycling infrastructures and amenities.

scholarly journals Environmental Urbanization Assessment Using GIS and Multicriteria Decision Analysis: A Case Study for Denizli (Turkey) Municipal Area

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Erdal Akyol ◽  
Mutlu Alkan ◽  
Ali Kaya ◽  
Suat Tasdelen ◽  
Ali Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Multicriteria Decision Analysis ◽  
Multicriteria Decision ◽  
The City

In recent years, life quality of the urban areas is a growing interest of civil engineering. Environmental quality is essential to display the position of sustainable development and asserts the corresponding countermeasures to the protection of environment. Urban environmental quality involves multidisciplinary parameters and difficulties to be analyzed. The problem is not only complex but also involves many uncertainties, and decision-making on these issues is a challenging problem which contains many parameters and alternatives inherently. Multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) is a very prepotent technique to solve that sort of problems, and it guides the users confidence by synthesizing that information. Environmental concerns frequently contain spatial information. Spatial multicriteria decision analysis (SMCDA) that includes Geographic Information System (GIS) is efficient to tackle that type of problems. This study has employed some geographic and urbanization parameters to assess the environmental urbanization quality used by those methods. The study area has been described in five categories: very favorable, favorable, moderate, unfavorable, and very unfavorable. The results are momentous to see the current situation, and they could help to mitigate the related concerns. The study proves that the SMCDA descriptions match the environmental quality perception in the city.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document