scholarly journals Det affektive møtet mellom tekst og lesar: Tre postkritiske inngangar til å velja skjønnlitteratur i morsmålsfaget

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Esben Myren-Svelstad

Artikkelen identifiserer val av skjønnlitteratur som ein kjernepraksis i morsmåls-undervisninga, der det i liten grad finst forsking på eksisterande praksis og teoretiske grunnlagsproblem. Det er til det sistnemnde feltet artikkelen søkjer å bidraga, ved å opne opp og nyansere diskusjonen om premissar for litteraturval. Artikkelen er todelt. Den fyrste delen er ei metateoretisk drøfting av dei ulike syna på skjønnlitteratur og litteraturundervisning som er i spel i kanon- og utvalsdebattar. Drøftinga bruker dikotomien kvalitet/representativitet som tankefigur for å klårgjera skiljeliner, samanfall og uteoretiserte premissar i dei ulike haldningane. Med utgangspunkt i dette blir det argumentert for at eit dialogisk syn på litterær kompetanse, saman med postkritisk teori, kan danne eit meir fruktbart utgangspunkt for å reflektere over kva litteraturen gjer i møte med lesarar, og dimed kva for grunnlag ein vel litteratur ut frå. Den andre delen føreslår å didaktisere postkritisk teori ved å skildre tre inngangar til litteraturvalet. Desse inngangane kan sjåast som grunnlag for å velja litteratur, men òg som kategoriar for å skildre kva som skjer i møtet mellom lesarar og dei skjønnlitterære tekstene i morsmålsfaget. Avslutningsvis blir den presumptive konflikten mellom estetisk utforsking og didaktisk målstyring drøfta, og det blir argumentert for at litteratursynet artikkelen skildrar, stør opp under ei problembasert litteraturundervisning. Nøkkelord: litteraturdidaktikk, litterær kompetanse, litterær kanon, litterær etikk, postkritikk, affektteori The affective encounter between text and reader:Three postcritical approaches to the choice of literature in L1 education AbstractThe article identifies the selection of literature as a core practice in L1 education on which there is a limited amount of research on existing practices and theoretical assumptions. Seeking to contribute to the latter, the article suggests ways to open and nuance the discussion around the selection of literature. The article consists of two main parts. The first part offers a metatheoretical discussion of the differing views on imaginative literature and literary education at stake in discussions of the literary canon and literature selection. The discussion employs the dichotomy quality/representativity as analytical category in order to highlight fissures, overlaps and untheorized assumptions in the differing viewpoints. Hence, it is argued that a dialogical understanding of literary competence, in conjunction with postcritical theory, may form a more productive starting point for reflections on what literature does in encounters with readers, and thus on what basis literary texts are selected. The second part of the article suggests a pedagogization of postcritical theory by describing three approaches to the selection of literature. These approaches can be regarded as a basis for selection, but also descriptive categories of what happens in the encounter between readers and texts in the context of L1 education. In conclusion, the supposed conflict between aesthetical exploration and pedagogical management by objectives is discussed, and it is argued that the notion of literature described in the article supports a problem-based literary instruction. Keywords: literary education, literary competence, literary canon, literary ethics, postcritical theory, affect theory

2020 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Tzina Kalogirou ◽  
Xavier Mínguez López ◽  
Catalina Millán-Scheiding

The starting point for the making of this current issue were some fundamental questions about the intersection of Feminist Criticism and Gender Theory with Education: What might it mean to read and teach literature through the prism of feminist criticism and/or gender theory? In which texts, ways and methods can we integrate a balanced gender approach into literary didactics? How and in which teaching approaches can we produce some powerful feminist readings of the literary texts, whether they are texts long established by tradition, or contemporary and multimodal ones, belonging to popular culture? And how can these concerns about feminism and gender be adequately addressed and embedded into the literature classroom? Although we knew that all the previous questions could not be effectively addressed in one single issue, we still envisaged a publication with insightful contributions to the overall theme of Feminism and Gender in Literary Education.


2020 ◽  
pp. 123-150
Author(s):  
Julia Saviello

Smell and taste – of the five senses these are the two most strongly stimulated by smoking tobacco. The article presents an in-depth analysis of the reflection of both these forms of sensory perception in textual and visual sources concerning the early consumption of the herb. In a first step, tobacco’s changing reception, first as medicine and then as stimulant, is traced through the years of its increasing distribution in Europe, starting in the middle of the 16th century. As this overview reveals, at that time the still little known substance gave rise to new forms of sense perception. Following recent studies on smell and gustation, which have stressed the need to take into account the interactions between these senses, the article probes the manifold stimulation of the senses by tobacco with reference to allegorical representations and genre scenes addressing the five senses. The smoking of tobacco was thematized in both of these art forms as a means of visualizing either smell or taste. Yet, these depictions show no indication of any deliberate engagement with the exchange of sense data between mouth and nose. The question posed at the end of this paper is whether this holds true also for early smoker’s still lifes. In the so-called toebakjes or rookertjes, a subgenre of stilllife painting that, like tobacco, was still a novelty at the beginning of the 17th century, various smoking paraphernalia – such as rolled or cut tobacco, pipes and tins – are arrayed with various kinds of foods and drinks. Finally, the article addresses a selection of such smoker’s still lifes, using the toebakje by Pieter Claesz., probably the first of its kind, as a starting point and the work by Georg Flegel as a comparative example. Through their selection of objects, both offer a complex image of how tobacco engages different senses.


2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 784-795
Author(s):  
Krisnna M.A. Alves ◽  
Fábio José Bonfim Cardoso ◽  
Kathia M. Honorio ◽  
Fábio A. de Molfetta

Background:: Leishmaniosis is a neglected tropical disease and glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a key enzyme in the design of new drugs to fight this disease. Objective:: The present study aimed to evaluate potential inhibitors of GAPDH enzyme found in Leishmania mexicana (L. mexicana). Methods: A search for novel antileishmanial molecules was carried out based on similarities from the pharmacophoric point of view related to the binding site of the crystallographic enzyme using the ZINCPharmer server. The molecules selected in this screening were subjected to molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Results:: Consensual analysis of the docking energy values was performed, resulting in the selection of ten compounds. These ligand-receptor complexes were visually inspected in order to analyze the main interactions and subjected to toxicophoric evaluation, culminating in the selection of three compounds, which were subsequently submitted to molecular dynamics simulations. The docking results showed that the selected compounds interacted with GAPDH from L. mexicana, especially by hydrogen bonds with Cys166, Arg249, His194, Thr167, and Thr226. From the results obtained from molecular dynamics, it was observed that one of the loop regions, corresponding to the residues 195-222, can be related to the fitting of the substrate at the binding site, assisting in the positioning and the molecular recognition via residues responsible for the catalytic activity. Conclusion:: he use of molecular modeling techniques enabled the identification of promising compounds as inhibitors of the GAPDH enzyme from L. mexicana, and the results obtained here can serve as a starting point to design new and more effective compounds than those currently available.


2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-510
Author(s):  
Gunjan M. Sanjeev ◽  
Richard Teare

Purpose The paper aims to profile the theme issue of Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes titled “How is the need for innovation being addressed by the Indian hospitality industry?” with reference to the experiences of the theme editor, contributors from the industry and academia and the theme issue outcomes. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses structured questions to enable the theme editor to reflect on the rationale for their theme issue question, the starting-point, the selection of the writing team and material and the editorial process. Findings It highlights recent innovations that have taken place in the Indian hospitality industry especially in the areas of customer service, cost competitiveness, culinary management, revenue management and technology. Practical implications As hotel sector investment in India intensifies, this theme issue will be of interest to hoteliers, policy makers, analysts and others interested in the role that innovation can play in helping to facilitate differentiation between competing hotel products and services. Originality/value There is limited literature available on industry innovations in the Indian context. All the papers in this theme issue were written after several cycles of interaction between academics and practitioners and so they incorporate real–time, relevant and contemporary data.


Author(s):  
Nora V. Demleitner

Prosecutorial decisions play an important, and sometimes a decisive, role in a defendant’s ultimate sentence. They begin with the selection of charges and may end with a recommendation on clemency or expungement of a criminal conviction. The influence of prosecutors over the sentence, therefore, is far more extensive than that of any other official. The charging decision sets the starting point for the sentence range. The prosecution tends to control entry into diversion programs that may spare an offender a criminal record after complying with a set of requirements. Plea bargains, which have become more frequent even in Europe’s civil law countries, usually focus on the type and scope of the criminal justice sentence. Mandatory minimum sentences, mandatory aggravators, and stacked charges provide prosecutors with overwhelming bargaining power, causing many defendants to waive their right to a trial. Judges tend to follow the parties’ agreements and impose the recommended sentence. In many states prosecutors routinely weigh in on parole decisions and determine whether to proceed against defendants for supervision violations. Even in clemency decisions, they frequently submit a recommendation.


2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Green ◽  
Christopher P.M. Waters

For self-defence actions to be lawful, they must be directed at military targets. The absolute prohibition on non-military targeting under the jus in bello is well known, but the jus ad bellum also limits the target selection of states conducting defensive operations. Restrictions on targeting form a key aspect of the customary international law criteria of necessity and proportionality. In most situations, the jus in bello will be the starting point for the definition of a military targeting rule. Yet it has been argued that there may be circumstances when the jus ad bellum and the jus in bello do not temporally or substantively overlap in situations of self-defence. In order to address any possible gaps in civilian protection, and to bring conceptual clarity to one particular dimension of the relationship between the two regimes, this article explores the independent sources of a military targeting rule. The aim is not to displace the jus in bello as the ‘lead’ regime on how targeting decisions must be made, or to undermine the traditional separation between the two ‘war law’ regimes. Rather, conceptual light is shed on a sometimes assumed but generally neglected dimension of the jus ad bellum’s necessity and proportionality criteria that may, in limited circumstances, have significance for our understanding of human protection during war.


Author(s):  
Géraud Blatman ◽  
Thomas Métais ◽  
Jean-Christophe Le Roux ◽  
Simon Cambier

In the 2009 version of the ASME BPV Code, a set of new design fatigue curves were proposed to cover the various steels of the code. These changes occurred in the wake of publications [1] showing that the mean air curve used to build the former ASME fatigue curve did not always represent accurately laboratory results. The starting point for the methodology to build the design curve is the mean air curve obtained through laboratory testing: coefficients are then applied to the mean air curve in order to bridge the gap between experimental testing and reactor conditions. These coefficients on the number of cycles and on the strain amplitude are equal to 12 and 2 respectively in the 2009 ASME BPV code, using the mean air curve proposal from NUREG/CR-6909 [1]. Internationally, with the same mean air curve, other proposals have emerged and especially in France [2]-[3] where a consensus seems to be reached on the reduction of the coefficient on strain amplitude. This paper provides statistical analyses of the experimental data obtained in France at high-cycle for austenitic stainless steels. It enables to bring arguments for the selection of a coefficient on strain amplitude in the French RCC-M code, where less scatter on the data is witnessed due to fewer material grades.


2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Alexander Zemliak

The different design trajectories have been analyzed in the design space on the basis of the new system design methodology. Optimal position of the design algorithm start point was analyzed to minimize the CPU time. The initial point selection has been done on the basis of the before discovered acceleration effect of the system design process. The geometrical dividing surface was defined and analyzed to obtain the optimal position of the algorithm start point. The numerical results of the design of passive and active nonlinear electronic circuits confirm the possibility of the optimal selection of the starting point of the design algorithm.


Author(s):  
Teresa Yanitska-Panek

Literary education is very important in the process of forming the personality of the individual. It is necessary to implement a number of conditions in order to student’s contact with literature was a great experience. Reading can be seen as a way of man’s existence in the world of symbols and information. Reading can also be a medium through which cultural content reaches to the recipient and enrich and improve his language and engage him emotionally. Reading is an act of great importance, austerity and effort, and at the same time it is an act of preparing the reader and the recipient to the reflection.Many authors emphasize the value of reading, inspired many motives. The authors draw attention to the different attitudes towards reading of the text which have been described by Lech Witkowski, philosopher and pedagogue in 2007. Eight status of the text in the course of reading are specific hints for teachers and non-pedagogical readers how to treat the text. The philosopher’s look on the function of reading puts this ability in a variety of contexts and makes that people interested in reading can become seekers and creative.The reading is determined the following learning outcomes: student reads fluently, correctly, fluently and expressively aloud texts consisting of words discussed during classes. These texts relate to real-life experiences of children and cognitive expectations. A student also understands short texts read silently; student correctly reads aloud texts written own in a notebook and texts stored on a PC. The student working with text by searching for the most beautiful piece. He is also able to distinguish in literary texts the forms such as narrative, description and dialogue.


2019 ◽  
pp. 195-208
Author(s):  
Peter Mack

This concluding chapter reflects on the various ways in which authors have used their reading of previous writers. The examples discussed in the previous chapters show both that great original work often involves heavy reliance on previous authors and traditions and that this reliance has different aspects and forms. From here, the chapter turns to two issues: canon and nationalism. It considers what this study of literary traditions has suggested about what students should be expected to read as part of their literary education. The chapter suggests the use of the distinction between readers' and writers' traditions, which has emerged from these studies to address the question of the literary canon. It also considers how we define the literary traditions which writers can benefit from studying, and what would be a good canon of reading for someone who wants to write.


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