scholarly journals Investigation of the Reliability and Validity of a Scale to Reflect on Nursing Support in Patients’ Treatment Decisions—Focusing on Nurses Who Provide Nursing Support for Patients’ Treatment Decisions on a Daily Basis—

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (0) ◽  
pp. 324-333
Author(s):  
Yuko Ogata
Keyword(s):  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Treatment Decisions ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Nursing Support

scholarly journals Continuous Workplace-based Assessment as an Indication of Clinical Competence in Paediatric Dentistry

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-143
Author(s):  
Nadia Mohamed ◽  
Liezl Smit
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Competence ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Paediatric Dentistry ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Continuous Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional

An authentic workplace setting provides the ideal opportunity for assessmentof students’ clinical competence at the ‘does’ level of performance.Final-year dental students in the Department of Paediatric Dentistry at theUniversity of the Western Cape are evaluated in the clinical environmenton a daily basis through multiple clinical evaluations which assess clinicaland diagnostic skills over a year. An additional end-of-module clinicalassessment in the form of a single-blinded patient case (BPC) determines ifstudents have reached the expected level of clinical competence in terms ofpatient evaluation and diagnosis. However, the reliability and feasibility ofthis single end-of-module clinical case have been questioned in this setting.This study aimed to determine if the current continuous workplace-basedassessment (WPBA) results could be used as an indication of final-yearstudents’ clinical competence at the end of the module. A retrospective,quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted of all complete assessmentrecords. The correlation between the continuous WPBA components wasanalysed together with an evaluation of the reliability and validity of theassessment results. The continuous formative WPBA practices were foundto be both valid and reliable when using Kane’s (2013) and Royal’s (2017)frameworks for analysis. However, the BPC should be reconsidered due tofeasibility and reliability concerns. Key words: Dental education, Paediatric Dentistry, clinical skills, workplace,summative, formative, continuous assessment

Bedside Treatment Decisions: An Evaluation of the Factors Physicians Take into Consideration When Making Complex Rationing Decisions

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Judith Trarbach ◽  
Stephan Schosser ◽  
Bodo Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Treatment Decisions ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Rationing Decision ◽  
The Needy

Background: The budget limitations that are imposed on health care providers often force caregivers to become rationers, and physicians are required to select which patients receive treatments and which go without on a daily basis. This involves making highly complex decisions, and physicians are required to evaluate both relevant and irrelevant parameters to ensure the final decision is sound. Objective: This research examined which of seven parameters physicians used to make rational decisions as to which of a group of five patients in need received treatment. Method: An experiment was conducted in which the decision relevance of objective parameters and additional information about the needy, such as gender or smoking habits, were investigated. Results and conclusion: The findings indicated that physicians focus on central disease-related criteria very well and, thus, arrive at a comprehensive rationing decision, even in complex situations.

Examining the Role of Caregiver towards Blood Transfusion Decisions Among Individuals with Chronic Kidney Disease

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 4760-4760
Author(s):  
Ahmad B Naim ◽  
Danielle Walls ◽  
Jan Gollins ◽  
Chuck Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
The United States ◽  
Treatment Decisions ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Caregiver Support ◽  
Patient Consent ◽  
The Right

Abstract Abstract 4760 Objective: Examine the roles of a caregiver in supporting treatment decisions towards blood transfusions among individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) currently not on dialysis. Methods: An online survey was conducted from a nationally representative patient panel in 1Q2011. All respondents consented to participate through informed consent. IRB review was sought through Western Institutional Review Board (WIRB). Respondents were aged ≥18 years, living in the United States, and diagnosed with CKD by a physician. Eligible participants have stage 3 or 4 CKD and not currently undergoing dialysis treatment and have health insurance. Participants were asked about blood transfusion history, presence of anemia, types of caregivers, and roles of the caregiver in assisting with management of their CKD and making health and treatment decisions towards blood transfusion. Informed patient consent was provided Results: A total of 416 individuals responded to the survey. 59% (n=246) were female; 40% (n=165) were >65 years. 35% (n=144) had stage 4 and 58% (n=240) stage 3 CKD. 53% were insured by Medicare, 49% were insured under a commercial PPO plan, and 3% had various other types of commercial insurance coverage. 54% (n=226) were anemic. 43% (n=179) had received blood transfusion, whereas, 57% (n=237) had no transfusions. Among all respondents (n=416), over half (53%, n=220) reported that no one helps them with their daily activities, over one-third (36%, n=150) said that their spouse helps them, followed by child (9%, n=37), friend (7%, n=29), another relative (5%, n=21), parent (3%, n=12), paid helper (3%, n=12), a visiting doctor or nurse (3%, n=12). Among those who seek caregiver help (n=195), two-thirds (64%) reported being cared for by their spouse, 42% said they seek help from a friend, and 21% get care from their child on a daily basis. When asked about how often someone helps with making health and medical care decision, 86% reported that their spouse helps them, followed by friend (51%), and child (46%) always or sometimes. Almost two-thirds (63%) indicated that they have the right amount of caregiver support in making the treatment choice for a blood transfusion and 61% reported that they made an informed decision, whereas, 40% said that they feel pressured by others to make the decision. Furthermore, a higher percentage (74%) of previously transfused individuals agreed that they have the right amount of caregiver support in making a transfusion choice as compared to the not transfused group (55%). Among previously transfused, only 50% indicated they shared in treatment decision with their doctor, whereas 40% indicated their doctor or someone else had made the decision for them. Among those who indicated someone else made the decision, 82% indicated that they like to make a shared decision. Among not transfused, over 75% would like to share decision to have blood transfusion with their doctor. Conclusions: Caregivers play an important role in helping individuals with their health and medical treatment decision. Spouse, child, and friend are the main types of caregivers providing care on a daily basis. Furthermore, caregivers play a major role in providing health and treatment decision support. Visiting doctors and nurses are also sought as caregivers to a lesser extent. A significant number feel that they feel pressured into making treatment decisions towards blood transfusion. Disclosures: Naim: Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC: Employment. Walls:Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC: Consultancy. Gollins:Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC: Consultancy. Reynolds:Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC: Consultancy.

scholarly journals Positive parenting by parents of children up to three years of age: development and validation of measurement scales

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria da Saudade de Oliveira Custódio Lopes ◽  
Maria dos Anjos Coelho Rodrigues Dixe
Keyword(s):  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
Measurement Scales ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Nursing Support ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Probabilistic Sample ◽  
Development And Validation

This study aimed to describe the development and validation of three multidimensional scales in which the same 30 items, distributed among five dimensions, measure parents' self-perceived confidence, difficulties and knowledge needs in the exercise of positive parenting during the first three years of the child's life. The content of the scales resulted from the literature and exploratory studies and was validated by experts. The analysis of its reliability and validity, using Pearson's correlations and Cronbach's alpha, was based on data from a questionnaire administered to a non-probabilistic sample of 1011 parents. In the dimensions and items, α-values ranged between 0.769 and 0.890 and r-coefficients were >0.37;p <0.01. It was concluded that the scales measure three variables that correspond to the practice of positive parenting and their use permits guiding nursing support.

Validation of the Malay, English, and Chinese Translations of the 9-Item Shared Decision Making Questionnaire (SDM-Q-9) in Breast Cancer Patients Making Treatment Decisions

2021 ◽  
pp. 101053952110366
Author(s):  
Bairave Shunnmugam ◽  
Chirk Jenn Ng ◽  
Nur Aishah Mohd Taib ◽  
Karuthan Chinna
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Treatment Decisions ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Back Translation

This study aims to test the psychometric properties of the Malay, English, and Chinese 9-Item Shared Decision Making Questionnaire (SDM-Q-9) in breast cancer patients making treatment decisions. The original German SDM-Q-9 was translated to Malay using the back-translation method. A total of 222 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients making treatment decisions were sampled conveniently from three breast clinics between August 2015 and February 2016. A total of 66 patients answered the SDM-Q-9 in Malay, 87 in English, and 69 in Chinese. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software. SDM-Q-9 demonstrated good reliability in the three translations. All the items correlated well except for Item 1 in English. The factor loadings were within acceptable range except for Item 1 in Malay, Items 1 and 2 in English, and Items 7 and 9 in Chinese SDM-Q-9. However, no items were deleted in accordance with experts’ opinions and the previous SDM-Q-9 validation studies. The Malay, English, and Chinese SDM-Q-9 demonstrated good reliability and validity.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Test Anxiety Among Students at School of Physical Education and Sports in Terms of Demographic Variables

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Çağdaş Caz ◽  
Oktay Çoban ◽  
Mehmet Yıldırım
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Arithmetic Means ◽  
Academic Year

The present study aims to measure levels of test anxiety among students studying at different departments at School of Physical Education and Sports. The population of the study consists of 780 students studying at different departments at School of Physical Education and Sports at Yozgat Bozok University during 2018&ndash;2019 academic year. The sample of the study consists of 382 students who study at different departments at School of Physical Education and Sports at Yozgat Bozok University during 2018&ndash;2019 academic year and voluntarily participated in the online survey sent them by e-mail. Survey was used as a method in the present study, and demographic variables were obtained using &ldquo;personal information form&rdquo;. &ldquo;Westside test anxiety scale&rdquo;, which was adapted to Turkish context and tested for reliability and validity by Totan and Yavuz (2009), was used to determine students&rsquo; level of test anxiety. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 18 software program. Frequency analysis, percentage analysis, arithmetic means, t test and ANOVA analysis were used for data analysis. The analyses demonsrate that no statistically significant differences were observed among students&rsquo; levels of test anxiety in terms of four different variables (p&gt;0.05). However, as for mean scores, it was found out that female students&rsquo; level of test anxiety was higher compared to male students. Students studying coaching education had a higher of test anxiety compared to those studying physical education and sports teaching and sports management. In addition, students who did not take notes during lessons had a higher level of test anxiety compared to those who took notes during lessons. Finally, students who reviewed lessons shortly before the test had a higher level of test anxiety compared to those who reviewed their lessons on a daily basis.

Personal Audio System: Hearing Symptoms, Habits, and Sound Pressure Levels Measured in Real Ear and a Manikin

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 2016-2026
Author(s):  
Tamara R. Almeida ◽  
Clayton H. Rocha ◽  
Camila M. Rabelo ◽  
Raquel F. Gomes ◽  
Ivone F. Neves-Lobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Real ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sound Pressure Levels ◽  
Audio System

Purpose The aims of this study were to characterize hearing symptoms, habits, and sound pressure levels (SPLs) of personal audio system (PAS) used by young adults; estimate the risk of developing hearing loss and assess whether instructions given to users led to behavioral changes; and propose recommendations for PAS users. Method A cross-sectional study was performed in 50 subjects with normal hearing. Procedures included questionnaire and measurement of PAS SPLs (real ear and manikin) through the users' own headphones and devices while they listened to four songs. After 1 year, 30 subjects answered questions about their usage habits. For the statistical analysis, one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc test, Lin and Spearman coefficients, the chi-square test, and logistic regression were used. Results Most subjects listened to music every day, usually in noisy environments. Sixty percent of the subjects reported hearing symptoms after using a PAS. Substantial variability in the equivalent music listening level (Leq) was noted ( M = 84.7 dBA; min = 65.1 dBA, max = 97.5 dBA). A significant difference was found only in the 4-kHz band when comparing the real-ear and manikin techniques. Based on the Leq, 38% of the individuals exceeded the maximum daily time allowance. Comparison of the subjects according to the maximum allowed daily exposure time revealed a higher number of hearing complaints from people with greater exposure. After 1 year, 43% of the subjects reduced their usage time, and 70% reduced the volume. A volume not exceeding 80% was recommended, and at this volume, the maximum usage time should be 160 min. Conclusions The habit of listening to music at high intensities on a daily basis seems to cause hearing symptoms, even in individuals with normal hearing. The real-ear and manikin techniques produced similar results. Providing instructions on this topic combined with measuring PAS SPLs may be an appropriate strategy for raising the awareness of people who are at risk. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12431435

Clausal Density Between Ages 4 and 9 Years for the Edmonton Narrative Norms Instrument: Reference Data and Psychometric Properties

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ling-Yu Guo ◽  
Phyllis Schneider ◽  
William Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
Generation Task ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Purpose This study provided reference data and examined psychometric properties for clausal density (CD; i.e., number of clauses per utterance) in children between ages 4 and 9 years from the database of the Edmonton Narrative Norms Instrument (ENNI). Method Participants in the ENNI database included 300 children with typical language (TL) and 77 children with language impairment (LI) between the ages of 4;0 (years;months) and 9;11. Narrative samples were collected using a story generation task, in which children were asked to tell stories based on six picture sequences. CD was computed from the narrative samples. The split-half reliability, concurrent criterion validity, and diagnostic accuracy were evaluated for CD by age. Results CD scores increased significantly between ages 4 and 9 years in children with TL and those with LI. Children with TL produced higher CD scores than those with LI at each age level. In addition, the correlation coefficients for the split-half reliability and concurrent criterion validity of CD scores were all significant at each age level, with the magnitude ranging from small to large. The diagnostic accuracy of CD scores, as revealed by sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios, was poor. Conclusions The finding on diagnostic accuracy did not support the use of CD for identifying children with LI between ages 4 and 9 years. However, given the attested reliability and validity for CD, reference data of CD from the ENNI database can be used for evaluating children's difficulties with complex syntax and monitoring their change over time. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13172129

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