scholarly journals Neurocognitive Effects of Self-Determined Choice and Emotional Arousal on Time Estimation

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-175
Author(s):  
Christina J. Mueller ◽  
Franz Classe ◽  
Birgit Stürmer ◽  
Lars Kuchinke ◽  
Christine Stelzel
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Emotional Content ◽  
Attentional Resource ◽  
Response Preparation ◽  
Temporal Production ◽  
Differential Modulations

Even though effects of emotion and motivation on cognition are well documented, the interaction of all three factors is rarely investigated. Here, we used electroencephalography (EEG) to examine the effects of self-determined choice—as an experimental manipulation of intrinsic motivation - and emotional stimulus content on task preparation and engagement in a temporal production task. Behavioral results indicated a modulation of time processing depending on choice and emotional content. Underlying EEG signals revealed differential modulations by choice on the contingent negative variation (CNV) during task and response preparation and by emotional content on the late positive potential (LPP) in response to the onset of an emotional picture during temporal production. Also, we obtained preliminary evidence for interaction effects of choice and emotional content on the LPP. The feedback-related negativity (FRN) in response to information regarding temporal production success was also affected by interactions of choice and emotional content. These findings indicate that besides separate effects of motivation and emotion, there may be time windows during task engagement in which both factors jointly affect cognitive processing. These results are interpreted as dynamic modulations of attentional resource allocation.

An ERP Study on Facial Expression of Emotion: Comparison of Linguistic and Visual Semantic Decoding

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Balconi
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Emotional Content ◽  
Facial Stimuli ◽  
Facial Expression Of Emotion ◽  
Expression Of Emotion ◽  
Related Potentials

The present research compared the semantic information processing of linguistic stimuli with semantic elaboration of nonlinguistic facial stimuli. To explore brain potentials (ERPs, event-related potentials) related to decoding facial expressions and the effect of semantic valence of the stimulus, we analyzed data for 20 normal subjects ( M age = 23.6 yr., SD = 0.2). Faces with three basic emotional expressions (fear, happiness, and sadness from the 1976 Ekman and Friesen database), with three semantically anomalous expressions (with respect to their emotional content), and the neutral stimuli (face without an emotional content) were presented in a random order. Differences in peak amplitude of ERP were observed later for anomalous expressions compared with congruous expressions. In fact, the results demonstrated that the emotional anomalous faces elicited a higher negative peak at about 360 msec., distributed mainly over the posterior sites. The observed electrophysiological activity may represent specific cognitive processing underlying the comprehension of facial expressions in detection of semantic anomaly. The evidence is in favour of comparability of this negative deflection with the N400 ERP effect elicited by linguistic anomalies.

scholarly journals Medida de las emociones en niños con TDAH: un ensayo experimental con la técnica de potenciales evocados

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoana Campeño Martínez ◽  
José Jesús Gázquez Linares ◽  
Víctor Santiuste Bermejo
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Emotional Content ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

El trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) es un trastorno complejo de origen neurobiológico, caracterizado tanto por sus implicaciones cognitivas como por su afectación a la base afectiva y emocional del procesamiento cognitivo. En esta investigación se han analizado las diferencias en el procesamiento cognitivo del contenido emocional, con la finalidad de evaluar las dificultades que presentan las personas con TDAH en dichas tareas, a través de la medición del contenido emocional de las palabras de una prueba de decisión léxica The attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex neurobiological disorder origin, characterized both its cognitive implications of their involvement as the basis of affective and cognitive emotional processing. This research has analyzed the differences in cognitive processing of emotional content, with the aim of assessing the difficulties presented by persons with ADHD in these tasks, by measuring the emotional content of the words of a test lexical decision

scholarly journals Preliminary evidence for altered interoceptive processing in smokers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Todd ◽  
Farah Hina ◽  
Jane E Aspell
Keyword(s):  
Time Estimation ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Nicotine Addiction ◽  
Tracking Task ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Interoceptive Awareness ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Addiction Severity ◽  
Bodily States

AbstractBackgroundNeuroimaging evidence suggests that interoceptive processing might be altered in nicotine addiction, however this has not yet been confirmed with behavioral measures. Therefore, we investigated the perception of internal bodily states in smokers (49) and people who had never smoked (n=51), by measuring interoceptive sensitivity (IS) and interoceptive awareness (IA).MethodsIS was measured with a heartbeat tracking task and a heartbeat discrimination task. Performance on the heartbeat tracking task may be influenced by one's ability to estimate an elapsed time interval so this was controlled by a time-estimation (TE) task. IA was measured using two sub-scales from the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA). Participants in the ‘addiction’ group completed the Revised Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND-R) to measure addiction severity.ResultsIndependent-samples t-tests revealed that non-smokers performed significantly better than smokers on the heartbeat tracking task (p = 0.007, d = 0.22). There were no group differences observed for the remaining variables. Furthermore, none of the variables predicted addiction severity.ConclusionsThis is the first demonstration of behavioral differences in interoception in participants with nicotine addiction. When considered in the context of previous research, these findings support the hypothesis that interoceptive processing may be disturbed in addiction. These data also support the hypothesis that behavioral and self-report measures of interoception assess two separate constructs.

Can a Theory of Mind Disruption Help Explain OCD Related Metacognitive Disturbances?

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard O'Kearney ◽  
Cherie Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Metacognitive Development ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Degree Of Certainty ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Thought Action Fusion

AbstractThis study investigated whether individual differences in obsessive-compulsive symptoms and in thought–action fusion are related to theory of mind abilities. One hundred and ninety-two adult participants completed self-reports of obsessive–compulsive symptoms (OCI-R), thought–action fusion (TAF), private self-consciousness (PSC) and self-reflectiveness (SR) as mentalising abilities, and anxiety and depression. A nonintrospective method examining participants' implicit structure of their lexicon for ‘knowing’ was used to assess theory of mind. Private self-conciousness and SR added to the prediction of OCD symptoms independently of TAF and depression but did not mediate the relationship between TAF and OCD symptoms. Participants high in thought–action fusion gave a greater emphasis to the certainty dimension of the mental lexicon and placed lesser importance on the source of information dimension than those low in TAF. Our results provide preliminary evidence of a relationship between theory of mind and thought–action fusion. People disposed to thought–action fusion are more likely to make a significance judgment about ‘knowing’ based on the degree of certainty than on reference to the source of knowledge. Identifying disruptions to theory of mind abilities in OCD provides links to solid theory and evidence about metacognitive development and may help integrate cognitive processing and cognitive appraisal models of OCD.

Reading patterns and cognitive processing in an eye-tracking study of note-reading in consecutive interpreting

Interpreting ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sijia Chen ◽  
Jan-Louis Kruger ◽  
Stephen Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Note Reading ◽  
Reading Patterns ◽  
Consecutive Interpreting

Abstract This article reports on the eye-tracking data collected from 18 professional interpreters while they performed consecutive interpreting with notes. It is a pioneering study in its visualisation of the way in which note-reading occurs. Preliminary evidence suggests that note-reading proceeds in a nonlinear manner. The data collected in this study also report on indicators of cognitive processing in consecutive interpreting, particularly during note-reading, which appears to be a cognitively demanding process. It differs from reading for comprehension in various ways, while staying closer to reading in sight translation. In addition, the data show that the note-taking choices made during Phase I of consecutive interpreting, in which interpreters listen to the source speech and write notes, affect the level of cognitive load in Phase II, in which interpreters read back their notes and produce a target speech.

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on AMI and stroke mortality in Lombardy: Evidence from the epicenter of the pandemic

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0257910
Author(s):  
Camillo Rossi ◽  
Paolo Berta ◽  
Salvatore Curello ◽  
Pietro Giorgio Lovaglio ◽  
Mauro Magoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Stroke Mortality ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Impact

Background The first Covid-19 epidemic outbreak has enormously impacted the delivery of clinical healthcare and hospital management practices in most of the hospitals around the world. In this context, it is important to assess whether the clinical management of non-Covid patients has not been compromised. Among non-Covid cases, patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) and stroke need non-deferrable emergency care and are the natural candidates to be studied. Preliminary evidence suggests that the time from onset of symptoms to emergency department (ED) presentation has significantly increased in Covid-19 times as well as the 30-day mortality and in-hospital mortality. Methods We check, in a causal inference framework, the causal effect of the hospital’s stress generated by Covid-19 pandemic on in-hospital mortality rates (primary end-point of the study) of AMI and stroke over several time-windows of 15-days around the implementation date of the State of Emergency restrictions for COVID-19 (March, 9th 2020) using two quasi-experimental approaches, regression-discontinuity design (RDD) and difference-in-regression-discontinuity (DRD) designs. Data are drawn from Spedali Civili of Brescia, one of the most hit provinces in Italy by Covid-19 during March and May 2020. Findings Despite the potential adverse effects on expected mortality due to a longer time to hospitalization and staff extra-burden generated by the first wave of Covid-19, the AMI and stroke mortality rates are overall not statistically different during the first wave of Covid-19 than before the first peak. The obtained results provided by RDD models are robust also when we account for seasonality and unobserved factors with DRD models. Interpretation The non-statistically significant impact on mortality rates for AMI and stroke patients provides evidence of the hospital ability to manage -with the implementation of a dual track organization- the simultaneous delivery of high-quality cares to both Covid and non-Covid patients.

scholarly journals Cognitive Processing dissociation by mental effort manipulation in long demanding tasks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Vinicius Alves ◽  
Susanny Tassini ◽  
Felipe Aedo-Jury ◽  
Orlando F. A. Bueno
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Random Number ◽  
Random Number Generation ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Mental Effort ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Generation Task ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Number Generation

AbstractIndividuals uses cognitive resources to modulate performance in demanding tasks and a non-invasive and reliable way of measuring mental effort is pupillometry. This study aimed to test the mental effort related to different processing systems in long tasks with controlled and automatic demands. We conducted two experiments with healthy subjects: in Experiment 1 (n=15), using a metronome to ensure control on task pace, participants performed a serial number generation task (Counting; little to no effort tasks), a random number generation (RNG; effortful tasks), and no task (Unfilled interval; no effort at all). In experiment 2, (n=15) participants performed counting tasks with or without additional intermediary beeps produced by a metronome to assess the effect of a possible increase in effort demanded by the distractors. Experiment 1 showed differences between unfilled interval, counting and RNG. Experiment 2 showed that the intermediate beep made the counting tasks more demanding than the normal counting tasks. Notable in both experiments was the tendency of participants to demand mental effort at the beginning of the trial. These results indicate that previously effortless automatic tasks can become controlled, or at least more demanding, with a simple experimental manipulation. They also reveal that tasks that require mental effort over a long period will demand more than automatic ones, but even so the peak of this demand is in the initial trial period. Moreover, they reveal the high sensitivity of pupillometry for the measurement of mental effort employing different processing systems and cognitive resource modulation.

scholarly journals An Optimization Method of Time Window Based on Travel Time and Reliability

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Fengjie Fu ◽  
Dongfang Ma ◽  
Dianhai Wang ◽  
Wei Qian
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Time Change ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Travel Time Estimation

The dynamic change of urban road travel time was analyzed using video image detector data, and it showed cyclic variation, so the signal cycle length at the upstream intersection was conducted as the basic unit of time window; there was some evidence of bimodality in the actual travel time distributions; therefore, the fitting parameters of the travel time bimodal distribution were estimated using the EM algorithm. Then the weighted average value of the two means was indicated as the travel time estimation value, and the Modified Buffer Time Index (MBIT) was expressed as travel time variability; based on the characteristics of travel time change and MBIT along with different time windows, the time window was optimized dynamically for minimum MBIT, requiring that the travel time change be lower than the threshold value and traffic incidents can be detected real time; finally, travel times on Shandong Road in Qingdao were estimated every 10 s, 120 s, optimal time windows, and 480 s and the comparisons demonstrated that travel time estimation in optimal time windows can exactly and steadily reflect the real-time traffic. It verifies the effectiveness of the optimization method.

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