Statistical Genetic Studies on Cattle Breeding for Dairy Productivity in Bangladesh: I. Genetic Improvement for Milk Performance of Local Cattle Populations

Cattle are one of the most important livestock species in West Africa, providing multiple services to farmers and contributing to national economies. Various breeding strategies have been implemented to enhance their productivity and have improved farmer livelihoods. This review describes cattle breeding experiences across West Africa, spanning the N’Dama breed in Mali, Senegal, and The Gambia to the breeds Azawak Zebu, Fulani Zebu, and taurine Baoulé in Burkina Faso. The main objectives of most breeding programs have been to optimize meat and milk performance of taurine and Zebu cattle as well as trypanotolerance of taurine cattle. In some cases, “closed nucleus” schemes have proven limited and so have evolved into “open nucleus” schemes. Recent community-based breeding programs have shown promise. The major challenges of breeding programs remain defining realistic breeding objectives and securing the involvement of stakeholders. All the strategies reviewed here have been funded externally within development or research projects that are often too short to yield tangible genetic improvement, and whether they will continue beyond those projects is uncertain. This review highlights the need for continuing government support to ensure the sustainability of local cattle breeding programs.

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Polish Red Cattle breeding: past and present

Animal Genetic Resources Information ◽

10.1017/s1014233900001784 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 21-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. Szarek ◽

K. Adamczyk ◽

A. Felenczak

Keyword(s):

Cattle Breed ◽

Second World War ◽

Cattle Population ◽

Cattle Breeding ◽

Black And White ◽

Native Breed ◽

Milk Performance ◽

Resources Conservation ◽

And Performance ◽

Second World

SummaryThe aim of this study was to characterise the Polish Red cattle breed, the only existing native breed in Poland. The origin and conformation of this breed and its historical development, distribution and performance were described. Moreover, the attention was paid to the attempts to improve the breed milk performance by crossbreeding with Jersey, Danish Red and Angler and beef performance by crossbreeding with Black-and-White, Red-and-White, Simmental and beef bulls.Before the Second World War the Polish Red held the rank of an international breed, and since the middle of the previous century had been found almost throughout Poland. In the 1950s it still constituted 22% of the whole cattle population in Poland. Indeed in 1954 the Polish Red cattle population amounted to over 1.5 million head. Currently, Polish Red cattle are in danger of extinction. Only 300 cows are included in the Program of Genetic Resources Conservation and scarcely several hundred embryos and semen doses are stored in the Semen Bank of the National Research Institute of Animal Production in Balice.In 2001 the number of recorded Polish Red milking cows was 1 201. Their average performance amounted to 3 786 kg of milk with 4.26% of fat and 3.39% of protein. However, milk yield of the cows at the best farms exceeded 5 500 kg.

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К проблеме использования инбридинга в мясном скотоводстве

Ukrainian Journal of Ecology ◽

10.15421/2018_254 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 596-600

Author(s):

A.N. Ugnivenko

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Breeding Value ◽

Cattle Breeding ◽

Maternal Line ◽

Breeding Values ◽

Reproductive Ability ◽

Milk Performance ◽

Males And Females

The influence of homogenous and heterogenous mating of parents on female productivity and breeding value of the sires of Ukrainian Beef has been studied. Inbred males and females have different breeding values in meet cattle breeding. Large number of improvers of growth rate were found among the sires, obtained from related mating. In females, inbred depression by growth rate, reproductive performance and milk performance has been observed. Cows, obtained from the linebreeding had the lowest milk performance and reproductive ability. It is not recommended to use related mating in meet cattle breedingfor females obtaining, due to inbred depression. Mating of parents with inbreeding to the maternal line ancestor or “mediator” leads to heterosis by milk and reproductive ability. Heterogenity of parents by indexes of antigen similarity (ras) or body tallness index (IBT) reduces the negative impact of inbreeding. Inbreedingappliedonparentsthatweredifferentbyconformation type and ancestry is less risky as compared to homogenous animals.

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Assessing Mating Designs Utilized in Cassava Population Improvement

10.5772/intechopen.96785 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Prince Emmanuel Norman ◽

Daniel K. Dzidzienyo ◽

Kumba Yannah Karim

Keyword(s):

Genetic Improvement ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Floral Biology ◽

Genetic Studies ◽

Relevant Stakeholder ◽

Good Guide ◽

Population Improvement ◽

Or Genes ◽

Selection Of

Cassava breeders are curious about appropriate breeding strategies utilized to generate elite genotypes with desired complimentary traits or genes from parents used in crossing. Use of appropriate mating design is influenced by a good understanding of the flower biology of the putative parent plants, type of pollination, crossing technique, pollen dissemination, the presence of male-sterility system, the purpose of the project (that is either breeding or genetic studies), and the size of population needed. The objective of this book chapter is to assess the current knowledge on mating designs, their applications and limitations in cassava improvement. This book chapter discusses the floral biology, genetic improvement, breeding procedures and mating designs in cassava. The information utilized in this study were obtained from various sources including documentary search of the journals, books and websites of relevant stakeholder organizations. Empirical findings of selected mating designs in cassava and their impacts were discussed. Findings serve as a good guide for selection of appropriate mating arrangement to obtain useful information on parents and progenies. Findings are relevant to scientists, researchers, scholars, lecturers and other relevant stakeholders.

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First high-quality reference genome of Amphicarpaea edgeworthii

10.1101/2020.09.22.306811 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tingting Song ◽

Mengyan Zhou ◽

Yuying Yuan ◽

Jinqiu Yu ◽

Hua Cai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Genetic Improvement ◽

Reference Genome ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Ideal Model ◽

High Quality ◽

Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽

Genetic Studies ◽

Chromosome Level

AbstractAmphicarpaea edgeworthii, an annual twining herb, is a widely distributed species and an ideal model for studying complex flowering types and evolutionary mechanisms of species. Herein, we generated a high-quality assembly of A. edgeworthii by using a combination of PacBio, 10× Genomics libraries, and Hi-C mapping technologies. The final 11 chromosome-level scaffolds covered 90.61% of the estimated genome (343.78 Mb), which is the first chromosome-scale assembled genome of an amphicarpic plant. These data will be beneficial for the discovery of genes that control major agronomic traits, spur genetic improvement of and functional genetic studies in legumes, and supply comparative genetic resources for other amphicarpic plants.

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In Vitro Production of Embryos at Research and Development Station for Cattle Breeding Dancu, Iasi – First Bovine Embryos Produced In Vitro in North-Eastern Romania

Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova ◽

10.1515/cerce-2017-0040 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 109-117

Author(s):

S.I. Borş ◽

Şt. Creangă ◽

D.L. Dascălu ◽

Elena Ruginosu ◽

Mădălina Alexandra Davidescu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Gain ◽

Genetic Improvement ◽

Selection Intensity ◽

Bovine Embryos ◽

In Vitro Production ◽

Cleavage Rate ◽

Cattle Breeding ◽

North Eastern ◽

Vitro Production

AbstractThein vitroproduction (IVP) of bovine embryos increases the selection intensity in cattle and reduces the generation interval, which is very important in the genetic gain. In Romania, this reproductive biotechnology has shown a timid evolution in the last years, although the need for genetic improvement in the area is present. The aim of this paper is to describe the work that resulted in first bovine embryos obtained through IVP in North-Eastern Romania. Oocytes were collected by slashing ovaries from slaughtered cows, matured in a TCM199-based medium and fertilized in TL-based medium microdrops with sperm processed by swim-up procedure. The presumptive embryos were cultured one day in TCM199 and 8 days in SOF-based medium and evaluated in days 7, 8 and 9 after fertilization. We retrieved an average number of 83 usable oocytes/IVF session, which represents 73.8% from the total harvested oocytes. The average number of cleaved embryos was 50.8 per IVF, reflecting an average cleavage rate of 61.2%. An average of 8.6 blastocysts/IVF session was obtained, representing 10.4% of the selected oocytes or 16.9% of the number of cleaved embryos. Although suboptimal, the results were comparable with other reports on IVP in cattle. The adapted IVP protocol, based on maturation with TCM199, fertilization in microdrops of TL and culture of presumptive embryos one day in TCM199 and afterwards in SOF seems to offer acceptable results and will be used for further attempts to produce bovine embryos.

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Genetic improvement of beef cattle through opportunities in genomics

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982010001300027 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 39 (suppl spe) ◽

pp. 247-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Stephen Miller

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Genetic Improvement ◽

Reproductive Technologies ◽

High Density ◽

Cattle Breeding ◽

Production Chain ◽

Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽

Improvement Programs ◽

Genomic Predictions

Genomics will improve the efficiency of beef cattle genetic improvement programs through the incorporation of genomic predictions into traditional genetic evaluations. The global dairy cattle breeding industry has been changed considerably in the last year through the implementation of genomic selection. Now proven to work in dairy cattle breeding, the challenge remains for the beef industry to successfully implement this technology. The primary challenge in beef cattle is the required resource population that relates genomic profile to phenotypic performance, which is quite large and its establishment will require collaboration or a significant investment by any one enterprise. Another challenge in beef cattle is the requirement for genomic predictions to function across breeds, which will require denser marker panels. Opportunities to increase genetic progress include increased accuracy of selection, reduced generation interval, increased selection intensity and better utilization of limited recording capacity, such as individual feed intake, along with opportunities to genetically change novel traits. Implementation of a low density panel at the commercial level will allow informative decisions based on genetic potential at all levels of the production chain. This reduced panel will include predictive SNP based on fine QTL mapping efforts, combined with additional SNP to enable imputation of genotypes from a high density SNP panel, when combined with high density genotypes of key ancestors, such as sires. With electronic recording in cattle, a single genotyping event on each animal would provide information throughout the beef production chain, which will create the incentive for genetic change. Genomics will create new opportunities for reproductive technologies such as embryo transfer as elite females will be identified with increased accuracy. Potential changes to the structure of the breeding industry are discussed including changes to recording strategies and the development of novel beef products.

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Quantitative and Qualitative Genetic Studies of Some Acacia Species Grown in Egypt

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9020243 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 243

Author(s):

Nader R. Abdelsalam ◽

Hayssam M. Ali ◽

Mohamed Z. M. Salem ◽

Hosam E. El-Wakil

Keyword(s):

Genetic Differentiation ◽

Genetic Resources ◽

Genetic Improvement ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Genetic Studies ◽

Acacia Species ◽

Improvement Programs ◽

Similarities And Differences ◽

Qualitative Characteristics

The objective of the current work is to study the genetic differentiation between Acacia species growing in Egypt as plant genetic resources based on morphological, biochemical, and molecular markers. The 20 replicates of Acacia tree collected from four localities from Egypt were A. tortilis ssp. raddiana and A. farnesiana (Siwa Oasis and Borg El-Arab City), A. stenophylla, A. sclerosperma (Marsa Matroh City), and A. saligna (Abis Station Farm, Alexandria). The results based on the previous markers indicated highly significant differences between Acacia species, confirming the hypothesis of the possibility of using morphological, biochemical, and molecular parameters in species identification. Qualitative characteristics results indicated some similarities and differences that are taxonomically important for comparing taxonomical grouping with morphological data for the genetic description of Acacia species. The activities of antioxidant enzymes have been studied intensively and the results provide strong similarities between the Acacia species (69%), between A. raddiana (Siwa and Borg Al-Arab) and A. saligna, followed by all Acacia species (50%). Finally, the molecular studies showed that a total of 563 amplification fragments, 190 fragments were monomorphic, and 373 fragments were polymorphic. The highest number of amplification fragments (21) was detected with OPB-20 primer, while OPA-20 showed seven amplification fragments; the average number was 13.09. The results indicated that Acacia species exhibit high genetic differentiation, helpful in the future for genetic improvement programs. The novelty of the current study is highlighting the importance of plant genetic resources in Egypt and using different techniques to measure the differentiation between these species.

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