scholarly journals Assessing Mating Designs Utilized in Cassava Population Improvement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prince Emmanuel Norman ◽  
Daniel K. Dzidzienyo ◽  
Kumba Yannah Karim
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Relevant Stakeholder ◽  
Good Guide ◽  
Population Improvement ◽  
Or Genes ◽  
Selection Of

Cassava breeders are curious about appropriate breeding strategies utilized to generate elite genotypes with desired complimentary traits or genes from parents used in crossing. Use of appropriate mating design is influenced by a good understanding of the flower biology of the putative parent plants, type of pollination, crossing technique, pollen dissemination, the presence of male-sterility system, the purpose of the project (that is either breeding or genetic studies), and the size of population needed. The objective of this book chapter is to assess the current knowledge on mating designs, their applications and limitations in cassava improvement. This book chapter discusses the floral biology, genetic improvement, breeding procedures and mating designs in cassava. The information utilized in this study were obtained from various sources including documentary search of the journals, books and websites of relevant stakeholder organizations. Empirical findings of selected mating designs in cassava and their impacts were discussed. Findings serve as a good guide for selection of appropriate mating arrangement to obtain useful information on parents and progenies. Findings are relevant to scientists, researchers, scholars, lecturers and other relevant stakeholders.

scholarly journals Characterization and selection of markers associated with resistance analogous genes as input for genetic analysis of Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e51983
Author(s):  
Luiz Henrique Tolentino Santos ◽  
Cibelle Santos Dias ◽  
Lucas Amorim Silveira ◽  
Messulan Rodrigues Meira ◽  
Elisa Susilene Lisboa dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Resistance Gene Analogs ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

The characterization and selection of molecular markers are important for genetic pre-breeding programs since they make it possible to choose the most appropriate markers to be used in future research. Therefore, enabling the generation of subsidies for genetic-molecular studies in algabora (Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC). The amplification profile was characterized. It was generated from 17 pairs of RGA primers (Resistance Gene Analogs) in 20 samples of genomic DNA of P. juliflora extracted from specimens collected in the city of Itapetinga, Bahia. The amplifications were performed according to previously published laboratory routines and the amplification profiles analyzed from the photodocumentation of the electrophoresis results in 2% agarose gels. Based on the amplification profiles the primer pairs were classified as: Suitable: amplifications in the whole samples and with easy visualization; Reasonable: amplification in parts of the samples and/or difficult to visualize or Inadequate: absence of visible amplification products. Descriptive analyzes associated with the number of generated markers, percentage of polymorphism, expected heterozygosity (He) and the content of polymorphic information (PIC) were also performed. In a nutshell, 12 out of the 17 pairs of RGA primers generated amplification products with easy visualization and only two of these 12 pairs of primers were monomorphic. The percentage of polymorphism varied from 60% to 100%, He and PIC presented an average of 0.21 (ranging from 0 to 0.38) and 0.17 (ranging from 0 to 0.29), respectively. The results confirm that the RGA primers present adequate characteristics for genetic studies in P. juliflora, making it possible to prioritize 12 pairs of primers, which are subject to genetic improvement studies.

Caracterização da Peneira Média em Clones de Coffea canephora

REVISTA FIMCA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Darlan Darlan Sanches Barbosa Alves ◽  
Victor Mouzinho Spinelli ◽  
Marcos Santana Moraes ◽  
Carolina Augusto De Souza ◽  
Rodrigo da Silva Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
Selection Of

Introdução: O estado de Rondônia se destaca como tradicional produtor de café, sendo o segundo maior produtor brasileiro de C. canephora. No melhoramento genético de C. canephora, a seleção de plantas de elevada peneira média está associada à bebida de qualidade superior. Objetivos: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a variabilidade genética de clones de C. canephora para o tamanho dos grãos, mensurado a partir da avaliação da peneira média (PM). Materiais e Métodos: Para isso, foi conduzido ao longo de dois anos agrícolas experimento no campo experimental da Embrapa no município de Ouro Preto do Oeste-RO, para a avaliação da peneira média de 130 genótipos (clones) com características das variedades botânicas Conilon, Robusta e híbridos intervarietais. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições de quatro plantas por parcela. Resultados: Não houve resultados significativos para a interação clones X anos, indicando uma maior consistência no comportamento das plantas ao longo do tempo. Porém foram observadas diferenças significativas para o tamanho dos grãos entre os genótipos avaliados, possibilitando selecionar genótipos superiores. Conclusão: Os genótipos agruparam-se em cinco classes de acordo com o teste de média, subsidiando a caracterização de um gradiente de variabilidade da característica avaliada ABSTRACTIntroduction: Coffea canephora accounts for approximately 35% of the world's coffee production. The state of Rondônia stands out as a traditional coffee producer, being the second largest Brazilian producer of C. canephora. In the classical genetic improvement of C. anephora, the selection of plants of high average sieve is associated with a drink of superior quality. Objectives: The objective of this udy was to evaluate the genetic variability of Coffea canephora clones for the agronomic medium sieve (PM). Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Embrapa, municipality of OuroPreto do Oeste-RO, located at coordinates 10º44'53 "S and 62º12'57". One hundred thirty genotypes (clones) of botanical characteristics Conilon, Robusta and intervarietal hybrids were evaluated in the agricultural years 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four blocks and four plants per plot, spacing 3.5 x 1.5 meters between plants. Results: Significant difference was found for the grain size. According to the F test, at 5% probability, the genotypes were grouped into five classes according to the mean test. Conclusion: The results obtained subsidized the characterization of a variability gradient of the evaluated trait.

Cost-efficient selection of a marker panel in genetic studies

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie S. Sanderlin ◽  
Nicole Lazar ◽  
Michael J. Conroy ◽  
Jaxk Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Marker Panel ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Efficient Selection ◽  
Selection Of

BEYOND THE STEADY STATE: MANAGING DISCONTINUOUS PRODUCT AND PROCESS INNOVATION

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 175-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
WENDY PHILLIPS ◽  
HANNAH NOKE ◽  
JOHN BESSANT ◽  
RICHARD LAMMING
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Relative Stability ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Product And Process Innovation ◽  
Good Guide ◽  
Product And Process ◽  
Discontinuous Innovation ◽  
Selection Of

Research on the innovation process and its effective management has consistently highlighted a set of themes constituting "good practice". The limitation of such "good practice" is that it relates to what might be termed "steady state" innovation — essentially innovative activity in product and process terms which is about "doing what we do, but better". The prescription works well under these conditions of (relative) stability in terms of products and markets but is not a good guide when elements of discontinuity come into the equation. Discontinuity arises from shifts along technological, market, political and other frontiers and requires new or at least significantly adapted approaches to their effective management. This paper highlights empirical findings from a selection of companies involved in a project sponsored by the U.K. Department of Trade and Industry. The results indicate a number of key routines that organisations could implement to enable discontinuous innovation.

scholarly journals Melanocortin-4 receptor and leptin as genes for the selection of superior Madrasin cattle

2021 ◽  
pp. 3224-3228
Author(s):  
Budi Utomo ◽  
Rimayanti Rimayanti ◽  
Indah Norma Triana ◽  
Amaq Fadholly
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Mc4r Gene ◽  
Melanocortin 4 Receptor ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

Background and Aim: The genetic improvement of cattle through livestock section is based on quantitative, qualitative, and molecular characteristics. This study examined polymorphisms of the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) and leptin genes as a reference for the selection of superior breeds in Madrasin cattle. Materials and Methods: The leptin and MC4R genes of Madrasin cattle were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR); then, restriction fragment length polymorphism of the leptin gene was performed using the restriction enzyme BsaA1, at site 2793 with ACGT point position. Results: The leptin gene was divided into three bands, namely, AA with one fragment (522 bp), CG with two fragments (441 bp and 81 bp), and AG with three fragments (522 bp, 441 bp, and 81 bp). The MCR-4 gene was divided into three bands, namely, 493 bp, 318 bp, and 175 bp. Conclusion: The MC4R and leptin genes can act as molecular markers for growth traits in Madrasin cattle and can be used to genetically optimize and improve growth. The GG allele of the MC4R gene and the AA allele of the leptin gene can be used in Madrasin cattle.

scholarly journals Long-term Growth Variation and Selection of Geographical Provenances of Cunninghamialanceolata (Lamb.) Hook

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu ◽  
Duan ◽  
Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Geographical Variation ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Growth Difference ◽  
Growth Variation ◽  
Selection Of

In order to understand the long-term growth variation of Chinese fir’s geographical provenances and promote long-term genetic improvement, the experimental provenance forest of Chinese fir planted in 1981 was taken as a research object.The provenances originated from southeastern China. The study measured each diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height at 5, 6, 8, 12, and 33 years of age and analyzed the genetic variation of major growth traits of trees withdifferent provenances at different forest ages. Additionally, the study analyzed the geographical variation of Chinese fir by using the trend surface and principal component analysis (PCA) and evaluated the long-term selection effect of provenance by using juvenile–mature correlation and cluster analysis. The heritability of the DBH, treeheight, and volume of Chinese fir with different provenances reached 0.35–0.76, and with increasing forest age, the heritability of each trait showed a rising and gradually stabilizing trend. There were obvious differences in geographical variation patterns among the tested provenances, and both the DBH and the tree height growth patterns are two-way gradients. This variation pattern is associated with climatic conditions in different regions, and the factors limiting the growth difference of Chinese fir may be the mean temperature in winter and the precipitation in autumn and winter.An early selection age has a significant effect on shortening the timber production cycle of Chinese fir. The selection of trees aged between 6 and 12 years is more conducive to improving the efficiency of the genetic improvement of Chinese fir.The 42 excellent provenances selected from the 33-year-old mature Chinese fir forests have a larger increase in growth than trees with local provenances, which are concentrated in the Wuyi and Xuefeng mountains and are suitable for plantation in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and surrounding areas.

scholarly journals Methodology of machine destruction testing

2018 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Vladimir Boykov ◽  
Aleksandr Povarecho
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Vibration Method ◽  
Diagnostic Parameters ◽  
Operation And Maintenance ◽  
Technical Systems ◽  
Degradation Degree ◽  
Automated Procedures ◽  
Selection Of

This paper presents selected problems connected with automation of procedures involved in assessment of machine degradation degree using vibration method with special emphasis on the machine state prognosis. The current knowledge of these problems is not sufficient and needs further research on data processing, analysis of efficiency of diagnostic and prognostic procedures, collection and selection of diagnostic parameters and development of automatic procedures for recognition and prognosis of a machine state. New solutions and different aspects of diagnostic prognosis based on the proposed partial procedures focus on factors determining automation of procedures for identification of technical systems states. New automated procedures for acquisition and processing of symptoms indicating the machine state provide better possibilities of control and supervision of technical systems operation and maintenance through identification of their current states, and its good prognosis.

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