Changing the Mentorship Paradigm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allysha Winburn ◽  
Sean Tallman ◽  
Audrey Scott ◽  
Cate Bird
Keyword(s):  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Forensic Anthropology ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Consensus Definition ◽  
Mentorship Program ◽  
Transmission Of Knowledge ◽  
Social Race ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Survey Responses

Mentorship can be defined as the person-to-person transmission of knowledge in a domain where one person has more experience than the other. Formal mentorship programs and awards have recently been implemented in the field of forensic anthropology, but the attitudes of forensic anthropologists toward mentors, protégés, and mentorship experiences have not been systematically explored. This study surveyed a sample of 123 forensic anthropology practitioners and students via 23 multiple-choice and 12 open-answer questions regarding their demographic information, opinions about mentorship, and experiences as both mentors and protégés. Results indicated that forensic anthropologists value both traditional, “top-down” mentorship interactions and “horizontal” peer-to-peer relationships with multiple mentors. Respondents emphasized the career and professionalism advice they received from their mentors, though some wished for additional guidance in social interactions and social issues. Demographic data were consistent with recent research highlighting the problematic homogeneity of the field, particularly in terms of social race. Based on the survey responses, a proposed consensus definition of forensic anthropology mentorship involves professional and personal guidance by a mentor who imparts discipline-specific, experiential knowledge, advice, and support in a way that allows a protégé to develop both professionally and personally. To enable that development in both ourselves and our colleagues—and to increase diversity and retention within our field—we recommend participation in a formal mentorship program specific to the discipline of forensic anthropology.

The Effect of Frames on Personal Narratives of Bullying Memories

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110063
Author(s):  
Abigail M. Stark ◽  
Olivia H. Tousignant ◽  
Gary D. Fireman
Keyword(s):  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Personal Narratives ◽  
Psychosocial Effects ◽  
Emotion Words ◽  
Bullying Experiences ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Past Experiences

Research demonstrates the malleability of memory; a dynamic process that occurs across development and can be influenced by internal and external frames. Narratives of past experiences represent one modality of understanding how memories are influenced by these frames. The present experimental study examines how memories of bullying are affected by two distinct yet common cultural frames. College students ( n = 92) were randomly assigned to one of two groups; one with a definition of bullying framing the experience in terms of resilience and one framing it in terms of negative psychosocial effects. Participants then wrote about a remembered experience with bullying. The researchers coded the narratives for coping strategies used in response to bullying as well as for positive or negative emotion words and story endings. The results demonstrated statistically significant differences between groups in the ways bullying experiences were remembered and described. Participants in the Resiliency Group more often had positive endings to their bullying narratives and used more coping skills and positive emotion words overall. The implications of a subtle frame influencing memories of bullying and its relation to development, identity, social order, peer relationships, and resilience are discussed.

Performance of Automated Telemetry in Diagnosing QT Prolongation in Critically Ill Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 466-470
Author(s):  
Enrique Calvo-Ayala ◽  
Vince Procopio ◽  
Hayk Papukhyan ◽  
Girish B. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Qt Prolongation ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Poor Agreement ◽  
Bland Altman Analysis ◽  
Prolonged Qt ◽  
Definition Of

Background QT prolongation increases the risk of ventricular arrhythmia and is common among critically ill patients. The gold standard for QT measurement is electrocardiography. Automated measurement of corrected QT (QTc) by cardiac telemetry has been developed, but this method has not been compared with electrocardiography in critically ill patients. Objective To compare the diagnostic performance of QTc values obtained with cardiac telemetry versus electrocardiography. Methods This prospective observational study included patients admitted to intensive care who had an electrocardiogram ordered simultaneously with cardiac telemetry. Demographic data and QTc determined by electrocardiography and telemetry were recorded. Bland-Altman analysis was done, and correlation coefficient and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) coefficient were calculated. Results Fifty-one data points were obtained from 43 patients (65% men). Bland-Altman analysis revealed poor agreement between telemetry and electrocardiography and evidence of fixed and proportional bias. Area under the ROC curve for QTc determined by telemetry was 0.9 (P < .001) for a definition of prolonged QT as QTc ≥ 450 milliseconds in electrocardiography (sensitivity, 88.89%; specificity, 83.33%; cutoff of 464 milliseconds used). Correlation between the 2 methods was only moderate (r = 0.6, P < .001). Conclusions QTc determination by telemetry has poor agreement and moderate correlation with electrocardiography. However, telemetry has an acceptable area under the curve in ROC analysis with tolerable sensitivity and specificity depending on the cutoff used to define prolonged QT. Cardiac telemetry should be used with caution in critically ill patients.

scholarly journals Social commissioning in the sphere of social services provision

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
M.O. Buk
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
The State ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Law ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
State Regional

This article is dedicated to the analysis of the essential hallmarks of social services procurement. The attention is focused on the absence of the unity of the scientists’ thoughts as for the definition of the term “social procurement”. It has been determined that in the foreign scientific literature the scientists to denote the term “social procurement” use the notions “social contracting”, “social order” and “social commissioning”, and they use these notions with slightly different meanings. Therefore, the notion “social procurement” is defined as: 1) activity of a country; 2) form of the state support; 3) complex of measures; 4) legal mechanism. The article has grounded the expediency of the definition of social procurement in the legal relations of social care as a special legal way to influence the behavior of the parties of the social care legal relations. The publication advocates the idea that social procurement is one of the conditions for the rise of the state and private sectors partnership. The state-private partnership in the legal relations regarding the provision of social services is proposed to be defined as cooperation between Ukraine, AR of Crimea, territorial communities represented by the competent state bodies, self-government bodies (authorized bodies in the sphere of social services provision) and legal entities, but for the state and municipal enterprises and establishments, and organizations (providers of social services) regarding the provision of social services, which is carried out on the basis of an agreement and under the procedure set by the Law of Ukraine “On Social Services” and other legal acts that regulate the social care legal relations. The article substantiates the thesis that the subject of the social procurement is social services and resolution of social issues of the state/regional/local levels in the aspect of the satisfaction of the needs of people/families for social services (state/regional/local programs of social services). It has been determined that the main forms of realization of the social procurement in the social care legal relations are public procurements of social services and financing of the state/regional/local programs of social services. The public procurement of social services is carried out under the procedure set by the Law of Ukraine “On  Public Procurement” taking into account the special features determined by the Law of Ukraine “On Social Services”. The social procurement in the form of financing of the state/regional/local programs of social services is decided upon the results of the tender announced by a client according to the plan for realization of the corresponding target program.

scholarly journals Consensus Definition of Fetal Growth Restriction in Intrauterine Fetal Death: A Delphi Procedure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Maria Beune ◽  
Stefanie Elisabeth Damhuis ◽  
Wessel Ganzevoort ◽  
John Ciaran Hutchinson ◽  
Teck Yee Khong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Fetal Death ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Fetal Death ◽  
Consensus Definition ◽  
Definition Of

Context.— Fetal growth restriction is a risk factor for intrauterine fetal death. Currently, definitions of fetal growth restriction in stillborn are heterogeneous. Objectives.— To develop a consensus definition for fetal growth restriction retrospectively diagnosed at fetal autopsy in intrauterine fetal death. Design.— A modified online Delphi survey in an international panel of experts in perinatal pathology, with feedback at group level and exclusion of nonresponders. The survey scoped all possible variables with an open question. Variables suggested by 2 or more experts were scored on a 5-point Likert scale. In subsequent rounds, inclusion of variables and thresholds were determined with a 70% level of agreement. In the final rounds, participants selected the consensus algorithm. Results.— Fifty-two experts participated in the first round; 88% (46 of 52) completed all rounds. The consensus definition included antenatal clinical diagnosis of fetal growth restriction OR a birth weight lower than third percentile OR at least 5 of 10 contributory variables (risk factors in the clinical antenatal history: birth weight lower than 10th percentile, body weight at time of autopsy lower than 10th percentile, brain weight lower than 10th percentile, foot length lower than 10th percentile, liver weight lower than 10th percentile, placental weight lower than 10th percentile, brain weight to liver weight ratio higher than 4, placental weight to birth weight ratio higher than 90th percentile, histologic or gross features of placental insufficiency/malperfusion). There was no consensus on some aspects, including how to correct for interval between fetal death and delivery. Conclusions.— A consensus-based definition of fetal growth restriction in fetal death was determined with utility to improve management and outcomes of subsequent pregnancies.

scholarly journals A Consensus Definition of Supratotal Resection for Anatomically Distinct Primary Glioblastoma: An AANS/CNS Section on Tumors Survey of Neurosurgical Oncologists

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen Rakovec ◽  
Adham M. Khalafallah ◽  
Oren Wei ◽  
David Day ◽  
Jason P. Sheehan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Enhancement ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Consensus Definition ◽  
Primary Glioblastoma ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
Tumor Section ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Supratotal Resection

Abstract Introduction: Supratotal resection (SpTR) of glioblastoma may be associated with improved survival, but published results have varied in part from lack of consensus on the definition and appropriate use of SpTR. A previous small survey of neurosurgical oncologists with expertise performing SpTR found resection 1-2 cm beyond contrast enhancement was an acceptable definition and glioblastoma involving the right frontal and bilateral anterior temporal lobes were considered most amenable to SpTR. The general neurosurgical oncology community has not yet confirmed the practicality of this definition. Methods Seventy-six general neurosurgical oncology members of the AANS/CNS Tumor Section were surveyed using a crowdsourcing approach. Participants were presented with 11 definitions of SpTR and rated each definition’s appropriateness. Participants additionally reviewed magnetic resonance imaging for 10 anatomically distinct glioblastomas and assessed the tumor location's eloquence, perceived equipoise of enrolling patients in a randomized trial comparing gross total to SpTR, and their personal treatment plans. Results Fifty-two neurosurgeons (73.2%) agreed that resection 1-2 cm beyond contrast enhancement was an acceptable definition for SpTR. Cases were divided into three anatomically distinct groups by perceived equipoise between gross total and SpTR. The best clinical trial candidates were right anterior temporal (n=58, 76.3%) and right frontal (n=55, 73.3%) glioblastomas. Conclusion Support exists within the neurosurgical oncology community to adopt the proposed consensus definition of SpTR of glioblastoma and to treat right anterior temporal and right frontal glioblastomas using SpTR. A smaller proportion of general neurosurgical oncologists than SpTR experts consider SpTR feasible in the left anterior temporal lobe.

scholarly journals INCREASING STUDENT AWARENESS OF PROFESSIONALISM USING THE PROFESSIONALISM ASSESSMENT TOOL (PAT) IN A SENIOR UNDERGRADUATE ENGINEERING DESIGN COURSE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Mehltretter ◽  
Andrea Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Professional Behaviour ◽  
Soft Skill ◽  
Student Ownership ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Course Material ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Survey Responses

The Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board’s definition of professionalism, one of twelve graduate attributes, does not mention professional behaviour, but rather focuses on understanding the role of engineers in society. While difficult to define, challenging to teach, and even harder to assess, the engineering faculty at the University of Guelph felt professional behaviour was an important element of professionalism to consider in their curriculum.  This study investigates how professional behaviour might be taught and assessed. The researchers developed course material on professional behaviour for the winter 2019 offering of a third-year multidisciplinary design course (369 students), using Kelley et al.’s (2011) Professionalism Assessment Tool (PAT). Using a quasi-experimental design, the researchers assessed whether student professionalism improved based on their change in PAT scores over the semester using a Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. They also analyzed a sample of student final reflections on professional behaviour. Student PAT scores increased significantly over the semester (n = 340, p<0.05), but the effect sizes observed, using Cohen’s d, were small (0.14 to 0.29). The student reflections (n = 53) suggest that improvements to their professionalism were a result of working in a team, experience gained from their project, and individual efforts made to behave professionally.  While infrequently discussed in the reflections, over half of the post-term survey responses revealed that students felt the lab activities helped improve their professional skills generally, and/or increased their awareness of these skills. The improved awareness aspect of student professionalism was an unexpected, but important outcome of the PAT-based course material and may have reinforced student ownership of their soft skill development.  

Community Pharmacists' Knowledge of Antioxidant Vitamins

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra M Offricht ◽  
Margaret Malone
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamins ◽  
Telephone Directory ◽  
Inadequate Information ◽  
Adequate Definition ◽  
Antioxidant Supplements ◽  
Definition Of

Objective: The current interest in antioxidant vitamins has led consumers to seek advice from community pharmacists. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate community pharmacists' knowledge of antioxidant vitamins. Design: An interviewer-based questionnaire was developed to represent the questions most frequently asked by consumers in community pharmacies about antioxidant vitamins. Setting: Pharmacies in the Tri-cities area (Albany, Schenectady, and Troy, NY) were identified from the Yellow Pages of the Albany, NY telephone directory, and each was visited by the interviewer (DMO). Main Outcome Measures: Questions were divided into the demographic data and practice setting of the participant; the antioxidant vitamins, knowledge of supplements and foods containing antioxidants, dosage recommendations, and toxicities; and therapeutic claims attributed to their use. Results: Of 75 pharmacists approached, 70 agreed to participate in the study. The number of questions per week received from customers regarding antioxidant vitamins was estimated to be between 0 and 25. All pharmacists had heard of the terms “free radical” and “antioxidant,” but few were able to provide an adequate definition of either term. The majority of pharmacists knew which vitamins are considered to be antioxidants, but were unfamiliar with appropriate dosage recommendations. In keeping with current literature recommendations, the use of antioxidant supplements was generally not advocated. Conclusions: In this study, pharmacists provided inadequate information regarding antioxidant vitamins. Because antioxidants are rarely indicated according to the current literature, pharmacists have a responsibility to base their recommendations to customers on substantiated data.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Bronchiectasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 587-594
Author(s):  
Laia Fernández-Barat ◽  
Victoria Alcaraz-Serrano ◽  
Rosanel Amaro ◽  
Antoni Torres
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Consensus Definition ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) in patients with bronchiectasis (BE) is associated with a poor outcome and quality of life, and its presence is considered a marker of disease severity. This opportunistic pathogen is known for its ability to produce biofilms on biotic or abiotic surfaces and to survive environmental stress exerted by antimicrobials, inflammation, and nutrient or oxygen depletion. The presence of PA biofilms has been linked to chronic respiratory infection in cystic fibrosis but not in BE. There is considerable inconsistency in the reported infection/eradication rates of PA and chronic PA. In addition, inadequate antimicrobial treatment may potentiate the progression from intermittent to chronic infection and also the emergence of antibiotic resistance. A better comprehension of the pathophysiology of PA infections and its implications for BE is urgently needed. This can drive improvements in diagnostic accuracy, can move us toward a new consensus definition of chronic infection, can better define the follow-up of patients at risk of PA, and can achieve more successful eradication rates. In addition, the new technological advances regarding molecular diagnostics, -omics, and biomarkers require us to reconsider our traditional concepts.

The Association between Internet Addiction and Psychosocial Variables

2015 ◽  
pp. 171-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahadir Bozoglan ◽  
Veysel Demirer
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Psychosocial Variables ◽  
Consensus Definition ◽  
The Past ◽  
Definition Of

The past decade has seen plenty of studies focusing on Internet use and Internet addiction. This is because the Internet provides information about variety of topics all over world and is easily accessed. Arguments concerning the association between excessive use and Internet addiction are ongoing. There is not yet a clear, consensus definition of Internet addiction. In this chapter, we discuss previous research and implications for future studies regarding Internet addiction and its most studied psychosocial variables: depression, loneliness, social anxiety, self-esteem, life satisfaction, and social support.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document