Ordinary People and East–West Symbolism

Maya E Groups ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Robin
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Maya ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Community Centers ◽  
The West ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Maya Area ◽  
Architectural Reconstruction ◽  
East West ◽  
Bedrock Outcrop

This chapter explores the possibility that east-west symbolism is an enduring aspect of Maya culture that was initially developed in farmers' community centers and homes and later appropriated by society's nobility and encoded in hieroglyphic texts and images and enshrined in the monuments of major civic-centers. This chapter explores these ideas through the analysis of the central religious complex at the ancient Maya farming community of Chan in Belize. Chan’s central religious complex follows a construction sequence reminiscent of other E Groups, particularly the Cenote-style E Group, across the Maya area. It begins initially as a linear bedrock outcrop upon which architecture construction begins in the Late Preclassic (350 BCE-CE 0). The distance between the east and west structures of Chan’s central religious complex was always maintained throughout its architectural reconstruction history. If one of the functions of the west structure was viewing sunrise over the tripartite east structure, then maintaining a relative distance between the two structures could have been integral in maintaining lines of sight. Chan’s central religious complex was also a location for the burial of venerated ancestors, and those individuals from the community selected for veneration included men, women, and children.

Escaping the “Balkanizing” Gaze? Perceptions of Global and Internal Developmental Hierarchies in Romania

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Discursive Construction ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
The West ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
North West ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
East West ◽  
Developmental Hierarchy

The article presents the perceptions of global and internal developmental hierarchies in Romania. According to our empirical results, the Western-centred developmental paradigm has deeply penetrated the worldviews of ordinary people in Romania. As a consequence, national self-perceptions, respectively, constructions of internal regional and ethnic differences in Romania, are powerfully shaped by the idea of East–West developmental hierarchies. Melegh introduced the concept of an “East–West slope” to denote a discursive construction used since the eighteenth century. This construction suggests that there is a gradual decline of development (or “civilization”) as one moves from the West (North West) toward the East (South East). The author argues that this framework not only defines how Romanians position themselves in the global developmental hierarchy but also how they define their internal (regional and ethnic) hierarchies. The article also discusses Todorova’s concept of Balkanism. This interpretive framework not only defines the perceptions of external observers but (following a process of cultural penetration) may also shape the self-perceptions of those involved. This article argues that Romanians have succeeded in avoiding—at least partially—the most severe consequence of the “Balkanizing gaze,” which is a constant sense of inferiority. It is also important, however, that this Balkanizing gaze can be reproduced at a national/local level and (in interrelation with other types of developmental discourses) can organize internal hierarchies.

Values and intergroup perceptions of East Germans and West Germans in 1998 1This research was supported by a grant from the German Research Society (We 1106/3-1).

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-272
Author(s):  
Jörg Doll ◽  
Michael Dick
Keyword(s):  
Research Society ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Perceived Similarity ◽  
The West ◽  
Need For Uniqueness ◽  
German Research ◽  
East German ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
East West

The studies reported here focus on similarities and dissimilarities between the terminal value hierarchies ( Rokeach, 1973 ) ascribed to different groups ( Schwartz & Struch, 1990 ). In Study 1, n = 65 East Germans and n = 110 West Germans mutually assess the respective ingroup and outgroup. In this intra-German comparison the West Germans, with a mean intraindividual correlation of rho = 0.609, perceive a significantly greater East-West similarity between the group-related value hierarchies than the East Germans, with a mean rho = 0.400. Study 2 gives East German subjects either a Swiss (n = 58) or Polish (n = 59) frame of reference in the comparison between the categories German and East German. Whereas the Swiss frame of reference should arouse a need for uniqueness, the Polish frame of reference should arouse a need for similarity. In accordance with expectations, the Swiss frame of reference significantly reduces the correlative similarity between German and East German from a mean rho = 0.703 in a control group (n = 59) to a mean rho = 0.518 in the experimental group. Contrary to expectations, the Polish frame of reference does not lead to an increase in perceived similarity (mean rho = 0.712).

High-Frequency Radar Mapping of Surface Currents Using WERA

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn K. Shay ◽  
Jorge Martinez-Pedraja ◽  
Thomas M. Cook ◽  
Brian K. Haus ◽  
Robert H. Weisberg
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Tidal Currents ◽  
Tropical Storm ◽  
Surface Velocity ◽  
Surface Currents ◽  
West Florida Shelf ◽  
The West ◽  
Florida Shelf ◽  
East West

Abstract A dual-station high-frequency Wellen Radar (WERA), transmitting at 16.045 MHz, was deployed along the west Florida shelf in phased array mode during the summer of 2003. A 33-day, continuous time series of radial and vector surface current fields was acquired starting on 23 August ending 25 September 2003. Over a 30-min sample interval, WERA mapped coastal ocean currents over an ≈40 km × 80 km footprint with a 1.2-km horizontal resolution. A total of 1628 snapshots of the vector surface currents was acquired, with only 70 samples (4.3%) missing from the vector time series. Comparisons to subsurface measurements from two moored acoustic Doppler current profilers revealed RMS differences of 1 to 5 cm s−1 for both radial and Cartesian current components. Regression analyses indicated slopes close to unity with small biases between surface and subsurface measurements at 4-m depth in the east–west (u) and north–south (υ) components, respectively. Vector correlation coefficients were 0.9 with complex phases of −3° and 5° at EC4 (20-m isobath) and NA2 (25-m isobath) moorings, respectively. Complex surface circulation patterns were observed that included tidal and wind-driven currents over the west Florida shelf. Tidal current amplitudes were 4 to 5 cm s−1 for the diurnal and semidiurnal constituents. Vertical structure of these tidal currents indicated that the semidiurnal components were predominantly barotropic whereas diurnal tidal currents had more of a baroclinic component. Tidal currents were removed from the observed current time series and were compared to the 10-m adjusted winds at a surface mooring. Based on these time series comparisons, regression slopes were 0.02 to 0.03 in the east–west and north–south directions, respectively. During Tropical Storm Henri’s passage on 5 September 2003, cyclonically rotating surface winds forced surface velocities of more than 35 cm s−1 as Henri made landfall north of Tampa Bay, Florida. These results suggest that the WERA measured the surface velocity well under weak to tropical storm wind conditions.

Ideologies of English in Asia: an editorial

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (271) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Alexandra Grey ◽  
Loy Lising ◽  
Jinhyun Cho
Keyword(s):  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Language Ideologies ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The West ◽  
Binary Structure ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Local Perspectives ◽  
East West

Abstract That English has spread in Asia is well-known, but this critical reflection, and the five contributions and book review that we hereby introduce, contribute to rectifying the relative absence in the sociology of language literature of studies approaching language ideologies and practices in specific Asian contexts from local perspectives. We are not alone; our inspections of journal archives show that scholars are increasingly responding to this relative absence in recent years. What this special issue offers is further diversity of both authors and cases, and moreover this special issue draws attention to the immutable, binary structure underlying the various globally-circulating discourses of the East and the West as part of investigating how socially constructed East-West binaries interact with language ideologies about English and other languages. It shifts the attention from fixity – East versus West – to diversity, extending East to Easts and West to Wests as our contributors identify and examine multiple, endogenous “imaginative geograph[ies]” (from Arif Dirlik’s [1996] “Chinese history and the question of Orientalism”, History and Theory 35(4): 97) constructed through various Orientalist ideologies. It founds this approach on a combination of the theory of recursive language ideologies and critical Orientalism scholarship. This is generative of new and useful sociolinguistic analyses. Having laid out this theoretical extension, this editorial then provides an overview of the issue’s contributions, which examine how socially constructed East-West binaries are interacting with language ideologies about English and other languages on sub-national scales in various Asian contexts including in Korea, China, Japan, Tajikistan and Pakistan.

The PRC's Relationship with the ASEAN Regional Forum

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 737-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thammy Evans
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
The West ◽  
Asean Regional Forum ◽  
Western Nations ◽  
Political Disorder ◽  
East West ◽  
Gain Access

Ever since the discovery of China by Western nations the West has continually tried to gain access to China, and sometime even to understand her. Conversely, many Eastern nations who came within China's reach have preferred to keep her at arms length. This dichotomy continues today, although the East/West division is less clear. The People's Republic of China's sheer geographical size, its location in the heart of Asia, its huge population and thus its potential as an economic and miitary superpower instils fear in many. Will the PRC become a ‘responsible power’, an irresponsible hegemon, or collapse into political disorder and chaos? In anticipation of the coming changes in the PRC, the foreign policy of those nations concerned with the PRC has oscillated between engagement and containment of China.

Biological Warfare: Salmon Farming, Angling Tourism and the Sea Trout Dispute in the West of Ireland, 1989–1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Phyne
Keyword(s):  
Sociology Of Science ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Biological Warfare ◽  
Sociocultural Context ◽  
The West ◽  
Aquatic Resources ◽  
Salmon Farming ◽  
Sea Trout ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
West Of Ireland

After the 1989 sea trout collapse in the west of Ireland, the angling community (which includes private fishery owners) attributed the collapse to coastal salmon farms, but the salmon farming community linked the sea trout collapse to environmental factors. The contending parties raised issues which are assessed here through the literature on environmental protests and the sociology of science. This paper then provides an analysis of the sea trout dispute as a conflict between angling interests and fish farming interests over the legitimate use of aquatic resources in rural Ireland. By drawing upon interview data, and government and industry publications, it will show that the dynamics of the sea trout conflict delineates the sociocultural context of science in the disputing process, as well as the nature of social change in rural Ireland.

scholarly journals Sekoper Cinta: Solusi Peningkatan Kualitas Perempuan di Tatar Sunda

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Neng Eri Sofiana
Keyword(s):  
Divorce Rate ◽  
Economic Independence ◽  
The West ◽  
West Java ◽  
Violence Against Children ◽  
The Past ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Child Violence ◽  
And Control

<p><em>West Java for the past three years has been included in the top three provinces with the highest number of divorces and the highest rate of child violence. Ridwan Kamil and the Chief of the West Java PKK launched 'Sekoper Cinta' or women's school held by the DP3AKB which make an affort to empower women to achieve equality , participation, access, roles, benefits and control between women and men in all fields. This school has held a graduation ceremony for 2,700 women on October 22, 2019. This program is held to improve the quality of women so they can reduce the rate of divorce and violence against children. So, how is this program carried out in West Java, can it reduce the existing divorce rate? Can it be applied in other areas as a solution to protect women and children? In fact, Sekoper Cinta is able to make women and mothers more empowered and qualified with a lot of materials that encourage family resilience and economic independence, so that if applied it will certainly be able to reduce the divorce rate in West Java and this program can be used as guidelines and examples for other areas because the results are able to give freedom to women from gender injustice.</em></p><p> </p><p>Jawa Barat selama tiga tahun terakhir ini termasuk ke dalam tiga besar provinsi dengan jumlah perceraian terbanyak dan angka kekerasan anak terbesar. Ridwan Kamil beserta Ketua PKK Jawa Barat meluncurkan ‘Sekoper Cinta’ atau Sekolah Perempuan Capai Impian dan Cita-Cita sebagai sekolah khusus perempuan yang diadakan oleh Pemprov Jawa Barat dengan Dinas Pemberdayaan Perempuan Perlindungan Anak dan Keluarga Berencana (DP3AKB) yang berupaya dalam memberdayakan para perempuan demi mewujudkan kesetaraan, partisipasi, akses, peran, manfaat, dan kontrol antara perempuan dan laki-laki di semua bidang. Sekolah ini telah mengadakan wisuda bagi 2.700 perempuan pada 22 Oktober 2019 lalu. Program ini diadakan sebagai salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas perempuan sehingga dapat menekan angka perceraian dan kekerasan terhadap anak. Maka, bagaimana program ini dilakukan di Jawa Barat, apakah dapat menekan angka perceraian yang ada? Apakah mampu diterapkan di wilayah lain sebagai solusi melindungi kaum perempuan dan anak? Ternyata, Sekoper Cinta mampu membuat perempuan dan ibu-ibu lebih berdaya dan berkualitas dengan sekian banyak materi yang mendorong kepada ketahanan keluarga dan kemandirian ekonomi, sehingga jika diaplikasikan tentu akan mampu menekan angka perceraian yang ada di Jawa Barat dan program ini dapat dijadikan pedoman serta contoh bagi wilayah lainnya karena hasilnya yang mampu memberi kebebasan kepada perempuan dari ketidakadilan gender.</p>

A cyclone-centered perspective on the drivers of asymmetric patterns in the atmosphere and sea ice during Arctic cyclones

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-47
Author(s):  
Robin Clancy ◽  
Cecilia M. Bitz ◽  
Edward Blanchard-Wrigglesworth ◽  
Marie C. McGraw ◽  
Steven M. Cavallo
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
The West ◽  
Sea Ice Concentration ◽  
Sea Ice Thickness ◽  
Ice Concentration ◽  
Primary Driver ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cold Core ◽  
East West

AbstractArctic cyclones are an extremely common, year-round phenomenon, with substantial influence on sea ice. However, few studies address the heterogeneity in the spatial patterns in the atmosphere and sea ice during Arctic cyclones. We investigate these spatial patterns by compositing on cyclones from 1985-2016 using a novel, cyclone-centered approach that reveals conditions as functions of bearing and distance from cyclone centers. An axisymmetric, cold core model for the structure of Arctic cyclones has previously been proposed, however, we show that the structure of Arctic cyclones is comparable to those in the mid-latitudes, with cyclonic surface winds, a warm, moist sector to the east of cyclones and a cold, dry sector to the west. There is no consensus on the impact of Arctic cyclones on sea ice, as some studies have shown that Arctic cyclones lead to sea ice growth and others to sea ice loss. Instead, we find that sea ice decreases to the east of Arctic cyclones and increases to the west, with the greatest changes occurring in the marginal ice zone. Using a sea ice model forced with prescribed atmospheric reanalysis, we reveal the relative importance of the dynamic and thermodynamic forcing of Arctic cyclones on sea ice. The dynamic and thermodynamic responses of sea ice concentration to cyclones are comparable in magnitude, however dynamic processes dominate the response of sea ice thickness and are the primary driver of the east-west difference in the sea ice response to cyclones.

Geologie de la region de Bar-le-Duc (Meuse)

1959 ◽  
Vol S7-I (8) ◽  
pp. 803-808
Author(s):  
Vladimir Stchepinsky
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
The West ◽  
Solid Block ◽  
East West

Abstract Upper Jurassic (Kimeridgian and Portlandian) and lower Cretaceous formations crop out in the area south of Bar-le-Duc, France. In contrast to the fractured area to the west, this area is a solid block. The relatively unimportant Veel-Combles fault is related to the Marne double fault, despite its isolation. An east-west fault, 20 kilometers long with a southward throw of 10 meters, can also be traced. The paleogeographic evolution of the area during the Mesozoic is outlined.

Control Orientations in the East and West

2019 ◽  
pp. 509-537
Author(s):  
Susumu Yamaguchi ◽  
Takafumi Sawaumi
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Primary Control ◽  
Secondary Control ◽  
The West ◽  
Value System ◽  
North Americans ◽  
East And West ◽  
Western View ◽  
East West

Individuals exercise control over themselves, others, and environment. According to a seminal work by Weisz, Rothbaum, and Blackburn, which represents a Western view, people in the West prefer to control others or environment to make their life more comfortable (primary control), whereas people in the East prefer to control themselves to fit into environment (secondary control). This chapter critically examines the Western conceptualization of control. Then an alternative view based on Asian value system is presented. According to this view, East–West differences exist not in the target of control (oneself vs. others or environment) but in how people attempt to control others and their environment. The authors present empirical evidence to support the alternative view and propose a framework to understand individuals’ seeking for psychological well-being in the East and West. Westerners (especially North Americans) prefer to control the environment so that they can feel autonomous, whereas Easterners (especially Japanese) care more about consequences of control in terms of interpersonal harmony.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document