scholarly journals COMPARISON OF LAND-BASED TEST SETUPS FOR A BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 153 (A3) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Pazouki ◽  
K J Carney ◽  
J Delany ◽  
E Mesbahi
Keyword(s):  
Ballast Water ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Water Management System ◽  
Type Approval ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Approval Procedure ◽  
Overall Effectiveness

Two land-based setups were tested at different locations using the same combined treatment technologies, to assess the effect of different control and treated tanks condition as well as overall effectiveness of a ballast water treatment system. The test procedure included a five day storage period of organisms in the control and treated tanks as specifically advised in the type approval procedure for shipboard and land-based tests described in the IMO Guideline ‘G8’. The configurations and materials of control and treated tanks used in each test location were different resulting in invalid test results at one testing location.

scholarly journals Potential Applications of a Novel Ballast Water Pretreatment Device: Grinding Device

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1213
Author(s):  
Bonggil Hyun ◽  
Hyung-Gon Cha ◽  
Yeong-Kyu An ◽  
Yong-Seok Park ◽  
Min-Chul Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Full Scale Test ◽  
Water Management System ◽  
Water Pretreatment ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
High Turbidity ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Ballast Water Management

To investigate the removal efficiency of the grinding device (GD) as a potential replacement for the pretreatment filtration device of ballast water, solid grinding and viability experiment were conducted according to a treatment flow rate of 5 tons (Pilot test, PT), and 200 tons (Full-scale test, FST) per h. The solid grinding effect was observed in the particle size of ≥25 μm. Under the high-turbidity conditions (>300 mg L−1), no change in pressure (0.98 kgf/cm2) or stoppage in the GD were observed. The removal efficiency of the GD for >100 μm organism was determined to be 100% in both PT and FST, whereas the removal efficiency was determined to be 93% and 87% in the PT and FST, respectively, for the <100 μm organism. There was no statistically significant change in the removal efficiency stored within 2 h after passing through the GD, while the removal efficiency was determined to be ≥99% in the sample stored for 120 h. Future study is necessary to determine the additional removal efficiency according to the storage period after passing through the GD, but the GD might be utilized as the pretreatment device for the ballast water management system.

Effects of Storage Temperature and Preservative Treatment on Shelf Life of the Pond-Raised Freshwater Fish, Silver Perch (Bidyanus bidyanus)

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 1584-1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. GELMAN ◽  
L. GLATMAN ◽  
V. DRABKIN ◽  
S. HARPAZ
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Potassium Sorbate ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Fish Flesh ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics ◽  
Initial Load

Sensory and microbiological characteristics of pond-raised freshwater silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) fish, during cold storage over a period of 25 days were evaluated. Whole fish (averaging 400 g each) were stored in cold storage rooms at either 0 to 2°C, 5°C, or 5°C + potassium sorbate as a preservative. The organoleptic and hypoxanthine test results show that the treatment of potassium sorbate can slow the process of spoilage by about 5 days. Yet, the most important factor affecting the shelf life of these fish is the storage temperature. Keeping the fish at 0 to 2°C can prolong the storage prior to spoilage by 10 days compared with those kept at 5°C. These results obtained through organoleptic tests are corroborated by both the chemical (hypoxanthine and total volatile basic nitrogen) and to some extent by the physical (cosmos) tests. The initial total bacteriological counts were 5 × 102 CFU/cm2 for fish surface and &lt;102 CFU/g for fish flesh, and these counts rose continuously, reaching about 106 CFU/g (0 to 2°C) and 107 CFU/g (5°C) in flesh and 107 to 108 CFU/cm2 on the surface by the end of the storage period. The addition of potassium sorbate led to a smaller increase in bacterial numbers, especially during the first 15 days. Bacterial composition fluctuated during storage. The initial load on the fish surface was predominantly mesophilic and gram positive and consisted mostly (80%) of Micrococci, Bacillus, and Corynebacterium. During the next 10 days, these bacteria were practically replaced by gram-negative flora comprised mostly of Pseudomonas fluorescens that rapidly increased with storage time and accounted for 95% after 15 days.

scholarly journals Effect of NSPRI tin-in-pot compared with pot-in-pot evaporative cooler on the stored fruits

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Kamaldeen Oladimeji Salaudeen ◽  
Anugwom Uzoma ◽  
Olyemi F.F ◽  
Awagu E.F
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Stored Products ◽  
Physical Change ◽  
Evaporative Cooling System ◽  
June July ◽  
Storage Structures ◽  
Determine Effect ◽  
Overall Effectiveness

The suitability of the humidity chambers known as Evaporative Cooling System (ECS) developed by Nigerian Stored Products Research Institute as storage structures for mangoes were compared for nine days between June-July 2012. Ambient and ECS Temperature throughout the storage period ranges between 27?C- 31?C and 20?C-27?C respectively, while the corresponding relative humidity was 51%-58% and 70%-81% respectively. Colour change and Weight loss were observed as a physical change to determine effect of each selected ECS on the stored mangoes. There is significant range of ripening in tin-in-pot which led to early deterioration of the stored mangoes. Pot in-pot affects the freshness of the stored mangoes. The overall effectiveness of the tested ECS shows that tin-in-pot is better for the storage of mangoes since for five days, it retains the freshness of the stored mangoes but cannot be used for long due to its natural reaction with the stored fruits.

scholarly journals Testing the Force Absorption of Composite Materials to Select the Best for Making a Helmet

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-584
Author(s):  
Božo Bujanić ◽  
Matija Košak
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Aramid Fibers ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Eu Project ◽  
Impact Absorption ◽  
The Eu

The paper presents and describes the procedure of testing the materials that were available for the production of a multifunctional protective helmet. The procedure was carried out at the company Šestan-Busch d.o.o. as part of the EU project for the development and production of a multifunctional protective helmet. The test results showed that carbon fibers polymers as a composite material have the best impact absorption properties which was a key criterion for material selection. Other materials; glass fibers polymers, aramid fibers polymers and combinations in the test procedure showed worse results compared to the selected criterion.

A Study to Determine Factors That Have Influence on the Propensity of Natural LSPI Occurring in GTDI Engines

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paras Sethi ◽  
Eric Passow ◽  
Kimm Karrip ◽  
Max Maschewske ◽  
Jason Bieneman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Performance Targets ◽  
Power Cylinder ◽  
The Many ◽  
Procedure Development ◽  
Vehicle Platform

There are many articles and papers published about the developments in engine downsizing as an effective means in reducing vehicle fuel consumption while improving engine performance. The increase in performance of gasoline turbo charged direct injected (GTDI) engines, in conjunction with diverse vehicle platform performance targets (i.e. towing capability) and higher gear transmissions pushes the engine to operate with higher torques at lower engine speeds. This operating condition has increased the propensity of an abnormal combustion event, known as Low Speed Pre-Ignition (LSPI) or Stochastic Pre-Ignition (SPI). The power cylinder unit (PCU) components exposed to this pre-ignition event can experience failure. The engine manufacturers, as well as MAHLE, continue to ensure engine and PCU component survivability against LSPI by performing life cycle robustness testing. MAHLE’s research of LSPI continues to focus on the robustness of PCU components in the presence of LSPI events, as well as investigating design developments that have the potential to minimize the propensity of LSPI to occur. The test procedure development for evaluating natural LSPI events will be presented. Various test results and parameter sensitivities that were documented during this procedure development, along with the many challenges associated with engine performance repeatability will be discussed. Parameters that were found to influence LSPI propensity, as well as parameters that were found not to influence LSPI propensity will be discussed.

PV Module Technology and Reliability – Status and Perspectives

Green ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wirth Harry ◽  
Ferrara Claudio
Keyword(s):  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Certification Testing ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Type Approval ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
The Common ◽  
Module Efficiency ◽  
Product Costs

AbstractSolar cell processing into modules is mostly responsible for the product's reliability, has a severe impact on product costs and controls 10–15% of its efficiency. This article gives an overview on current module technology and highlights innovative approaches to reduce material cost and increase module efficiency. High potential approaches like back contact technology are those that simultaneously address cell and module technology to offer efficiency gains in the range of 10%.Module reliability expectations of 25 years or more require quality assurance beyond the common type approval standards. In its second part, the article addresses stress factors for PV modules. To ensure fast innovation cycles, accelerated aging tests are used to reproduce these stress factors in the laboratory. Results from certification testing are discussed as well as new approaches for improved testing. More realistic test results can be obtained by simulating combinations of stress factors.

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