scholarly journals Members of Antioxidant Machinery and Their Functions

10.5772/61884 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalini Kapoor Mehta ◽  
Sivakumar Joghi Thatha Gowder
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Machinery

scholarly journals Specific collagens maintain the cuticle permeability barrier in Caenorhabditis elegans

Genetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjali Sandhu ◽  
Divakar Badal ◽  
Riya Sheokand ◽  
Shalini Tyagi ◽  
Varsha Singh
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Permeability Barrier ◽  
Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Zinc Finger Transcription Factor ◽  
Outermost Layer ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Receptor Mutant ◽  
Antioxidant Machinery

Abstract Collagen enriched cuticle forms the outermost layer of skin in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The nematode’s genome encodes 177 collagens, but little is known about their role in maintaining the structure or barrier function of the cuticle. In this study, we found six permeability determining (PD) collagens. Loss of any of these PD collagens- DPY-2, DPY-3, DPY-7, DPY-8, DPY-9, and DPY-10- led to enhanced susceptibility of nematodes to paraquat (PQ) and antihelminthic drugs levamisole and ivermectin. Upon exposure to paraquat, PD collagen mutants accumulated more PQ and incurred more damage and death despite the robust activation of antioxidant machinery. We find that BLMP-1, a zinc finger transcription factor, maintains the barrier function of the cuticle by regulating the expression of PD collagens. We show that the permeability barrier maintained by PD collagens acts in parallel to FOXO transcription factor DAF-16 to enhance survival of insulin-like receptor mutant, daf-2. In all, this study shows that PD collagens regulate cuticle permeability by maintaining the structure of C. elegans cuticle and thus provide protection against exogenous toxins.

A manganese oxide nanozyme prevents the oxidative damage of biomolecules without affecting the endogenous antioxidant system

Nanoscale ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3855-3863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namrata Singh ◽  
Mohammed Azharuddin Savanur ◽  
Shubhi Srivastava ◽  
Patrick D'Silva ◽  
Govindasamy Mugesh
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Manganese Oxide ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Redox State ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
System P ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant ◽  
Antioxidant Machinery

Multi-enzyme mimetic Mn3O4 nanoflowers (Mp) modulate the redox state of mammalian cells without altering the cellular antioxidant machinery under oxidative stress conditions.

Ageing and oxidative stress: A role for dolichol in the antioxidant machinery of cell membranes?

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bergamini ◽  
R. Bizzarri ◽  
G. Cavallini ◽  
B. Cerbai ◽  
E. Chiellini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Machinery

scholarly journals Reactive Oxygen Species as the Brainbox in Malaria Treatment

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1872
Author(s):  
Chinedu Ogbonnia Egwu ◽  
Jean-Michel Augereau ◽  
Karine Reybier ◽  
Françoise Benoit-Vical
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Antiparasitic Activity ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Antioxidant Machinery

Several measures are in place to combat the worldwide spread of malaria, especially in regions of high endemicity. In part, most common antimalarials, such as quinolines and artemisinin and its derivatives, deploy an ROS-mediated approach to kill malaria parasites. Although some antimalarials may share similar targets and mechanisms of action, varying levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation may account for their varying pharmacological activities. Regardless of the numerous approaches employed currently and in development to treat malaria, concerningly, there has been increasing development of resistance by Plasmodium falciparum, which can be connected to the ability of the parasites to manage the oxidative stress from ROS produced under steady or treatment states. ROS generation has remained the mainstay in enforcing the antiparasitic activity of most conventional antimalarials. However, a combination of conventional drugs with ROS-generating ability and newer drugs that exploit vital metabolic pathways, such antioxidant machinery, could be the way forward in effective malaria control.

scholarly journals Plant Responses to Salt Stress: Adaptive Mechanisms

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Ramón Acosta-Motos ◽  
Maria Fernanda Ortuño ◽  
Agustina Bernal-Vicente ◽  
Pedro Diaz-Vivancos ◽  
Maria Jesus Sanchez-Blanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Photosynthetic Machinery ◽  
Subcellular Level ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Antioxidant Machinery

This review deals with the adaptive mechanisms that plants can implement to cope with the challenge of salt stress. Plants tolerant to NaCl implement a series of adaptations to acclimate to salinity, including morphological, physiological and biochemical changes. These changes include increases in the root/canopy ratio and in the chlorophyll content in addition to changes in the leaf anatomy that ultimately lead to preventing leaf ion toxicity, thus maintaining the water status in order to limit water loss and protect the photosynthesis process. Furthermore, we deal with the effect of salt stress on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence and some of the mechanisms thought to protect the photosynthetic machinery, including the xanthophyll cycle, photorespiration pathway and water-water cycle. Finally, we also provide an updated discussion on salt-induced oxidative stress at the subcellular level and its effect on the antioxidant machinery in both salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive plants. The aim is to extend our understanding of how salinity may affect the physiological characteristics of plants.

scholarly journals Coenzyme Q10 Activates the Antioxidant Machinery and Inhibits the Inflammatory and Apoptotic Cascades Against Lead Acetate-Induced Renal Injury in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafa A. AL-Megrin ◽  
Doaa Soliman ◽  
Rami B. Kassab ◽  
Dina M. Metwally ◽  
Ahmed E. Abdel Moneim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coenzyme Q10 ◽  
Renal Injury ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Antioxidant Machinery

scholarly journals Trichoderma-Plant Root Colonization: Escaping Early Plant Defense Responses and Activation of the Antioxidant Machinery for Saline Stress Tolerance

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e1003221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yariv Brotman ◽  
Udi Landau ◽  
Álvaro Cuadros-Inostroza ◽  
Tohge Takayuki ◽  
Alisdair R. Fernie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Plant Defense Responses ◽  
Antioxidant Machinery
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