scholarly journals Surface Modification of Titanium Orthodontic Implants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulqadir Rampurawala ◽  
Amol Patil

Orthodontic miniscrews have had a considerable impact on modern orthodontic treatment, not only by providing a new source of anchors for anchorage-demanding cases, but also for force management and control. Whilst miniscrews need to be mechanically stable during treatment to provide sufficient anchorage and predictable force control, as temporary anchorage devices they need also be easy to remove after orthodontic treatment. These requirements differentiate orthodontic miniscrews from dental implants - which once placed, are not to be removed - and dictate the approach as to how their clinical performance can be optimized. Over the past decade, various titanium surface modifications and improvements in implant surface topography have shown to enhance osseointegration of endosseous dental implants. Some of these techniques have helped provide a similar enhancement of the biomechanical potential of orthodontic miniscrews as well. In this perspective, we present a brief discussion on all such reported techniques followed by a detailed account of the most recently proposed ultraviolet photofunctionalization technique - a novel chair-side surface modification method.

Author(s):  
Karthikeyan Subramani

This manuscript reviews about titanium surface modification techniques for its application in orthopaedic and dental implants. There are a few limitations in the long term prognosis of orthopaedic and dental implants. Poor osseointegration with bone, periimplant infection leading to implant failure and short term longevity demanding revision surgery, are to mention a few. Micro- and nanoscale modification of titanium surface using physicochemical, morphological and biochemical approaches have resulted in higher bone to implant contact ratio and improved osseointegration. With recent advances in micro, nano-fabrication techniques and multidisciplinary research studies focusing on bridging biomaterials for medical applications, TiO2 nanotubes have been extensively studied for implant applications. The need for titanium implant surface that can closely mimic the nanoscale architecture of human bone has become a priority. For such purpose, TiO2 nanotubes of different dimensions and architectural fashions at the nanoscale level are being evaluated. This manuscript discusses in brief about the in-vitro and in-vivo studies on titanium surface modification techniques. This manuscript also addresses the recent studies done on such nanotubular surfaces for the effective delivery of osteoinductive growth factors and anti bacterial/ anti inflammatory drugs to promote osseointegration and prevent peri-implant infection.


Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riaid Alsaeedi ◽  
Z. Ozdemir

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) has been introduced in previous studies as a synergistic technique to modify the surface chemistry and topography of titanium-based implants to control their biocompatibility. In this study, the effectiveness of CMP implementation on titanium-based implant surface modification was compared to machined implants, such as baseline and etching and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) particle-based sand blasting treatments, in terms of the surface chemical and mechanical performance. Initially, a lab-scale 3D CMP technique was developed and optimized on commercial dental implant samples. The mechanical competitiveness of the dental implants treated with the selected methods was examined with the Vickers microhardness test as well as pull-out force and removal torque force measurements. Furthermore, the surface structures were quantified through evaluation of the arithmetic mean roughness parameter (Ra). Subsequently, the surface chemistry changes on the treated implants were studied as wettability by contact angle measurement, and surface passivation was evaluated through electrochemical methods. In each evaluation, the CMP treated samples were observed to perform equal or better than the baseline machined implants as well as the current method of choice, the BCP treatment. The ability to control the surface topography and chemistry simultaneously by the use of CMP technique is believed to be the motivation for its adaptation for the modification of implant surfaces in the near future.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 1246-1250
Author(s):  
Shamaa Anjum ◽  
Arvina Rajasekar

The use of dental implants for the replacement of missing teeth has increased in the last 30 years. The success rates for implant placement depend on a series of both biological and clinical steps which starts with primary stability that is being provided by the amount, quality and the distribution of bone within the proposed implant site. The most important factor in implant osseointegration is surface roughness, which shows increased osteoblast activity at 1 to 100 μm of the surface roughness when compared to a smooth surface. Rough surfaces have excellent osseointegration than smooth surfaces, but the results of research have been diverse, and it is evident that multiple treatments provide good results. The surfaces of a dental implant have been modified in several ways to improve its biocompatibility and speed up osseointegration. Literature says that any surface modification provides a good surface for osseointegration of the implant when the surface roughness is about 0.44 ~ 8.68 μm. It is also said that acid etching and coating are the most preferred methods for creating good roughness of the implant surface. From animal studies, it is known that implant surface modifications provided by biomolecular coating seemed to enhance the osseointegration by promoting peri-implant bone formation in the early stages of healing. It also seemed to improve histomorphometric analysis and biomechanical testing results. This article reviews the surface modifications of dental implants for the achievement of better success rates. Various methods are used to modify the topography or the chemistry of the implant surfaces which includes acid etching, anodic oxidation, blasting, treatment with fluoride, and calcium phosphate coating. These modifications provide a faster and a stronger osseointegration.1 Recently, hydrophilic properties added to the roughened surfaces or some osteogenic peptides coated on the surfaces shows higher biocompatibility and have induced faster osseointegration compared to the existing modified surfaces. With development in surface engineering techniques, new information on the properties, behaviour, and the reaction of various materials could be discovered which in turn allows the discovery of new materials, modification techniques and design of bio implants for the future. KEY WORDS Dental Implants, Surface Modifications, Biocompatibility, Surface Topography


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Ujjwal Rimal ◽  
S. Joshi ◽  
P. Shrestha

Osseointegration of titanium dental implants is the most important clinical parameter for an implant to be successful. One of most biocompatible material, titanium can be made to affix fast on to host bone via various modification of its surface. Machined and smooth titanium implant osseointegrate into living bone tissue but with a roughened surface, this is much more predictable as well as promising clinically. Surface modification allows for an increase in the surface area on to which the osteoblasts easily start laying bone. So, there have been various methods to roughen the surface of titanium implants. The article describes various methods used for modifying the surfaces of dental implants, giving a note on their clinical efficacy as well as advantages and disadvantages of these methods.


Author(s):  
Ayousha Iqbal ◽  
Komal Arshad ◽  
Maria Shakoor Abbasi ◽  
Maryam Maqsood ◽  
Ruqaya Shah ◽  
...  

Abstract Implantology is one of the most investigated topic in modern dentistry, This review is aimed to systematically summarize all the industrial, mass production and experimental trends in dental implant manufacture relative primarily to their surface modification over the last year. Research was conducted in Army Medical college, NUMS, Rawalpindi, Armed forces institute of dentistry, CMH, Rawalpindi, Foundation University college of Dentistry, FFH, DHA, Islamabad and the HEC Library, HEC, Islamabad. Literature was searched on PubMed, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, Cochrane and Science direct. The key words employed were “dental Implants”, “surface modification”, “surface morphology”, “surface treatment” and “surface augmentation”. A total of 38 articles were short listed and reviewed in detail. There is abundant evidence suggesting the importance of these surface modification on improving the implant success. Several strategies have been suggested to modify the implant surface topography as well as surface chemistry in order to achieve a micro-porous structure with nano scale architecture, with increased bio activity; hydrophilicity and anti-bacterial properties. There is commendable success with many of these strategies in the lab. However, following the lab success in ex vivo studies, very few of these surface modalities have found their way to clinical set-ups. Key Words: Dental Implants, surface modification, surface morphology, Continuous...


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Leitão Almeida ◽  
Octavi Camps Font ◽  
André Correia ◽  
Javier Mir Mari ◽  
Rui Figueiredo ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: Perimplantitis is a biological complication that affects soft and hard tissue around dental implants. Implantoplasty polishes exposed implant surface aiming to decontaminate it and make it less prone to bacterial colonization. This study aims to analyze macroscopic changes after implantoplasty (IP), whether a higher crown-to-implant-ratio (CIR) reduces implant fracture resistance and if implants are more fracture-prone after IP and in the presence of 50% vertical bone loss.Methods: Narrow platform (3.5mm) 15mm long titanium dental implants with a rough surface and hexagonal external connection were placed in standardized bone-like resin casts leaving 7.5mm exposed. Half were selected for IP. Macroscopic changes were observed using plain standardized x-rays and ImageJ software. The IP and control groups were each divided into 3 subgroups with different clinical CIR (2:1, 2.5:1 and 3:1). A static load test was performed and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate failure loads and implant fractures. Results: IP effect was similar across the sample in all reference points and no perforations were observed. Only 2.5:1 group showed a significant reduction in fracture resistance between the IP and control implants. Significant reductions in mechanical resistance in the 2.5:1 and 2:1 group, compared to 3:1 group, were found.Conclusions: Our results suggest that implants with higher CIR are more prone to fracture in the presence of 50% vertical bone loss; Fracture resistance does not differ significantly between IP and intact implants and CIR seems more relevant than IP considering implant fracture resistance.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Zhu ◽  
Guocheng Wang ◽  
Jiao Jiao Li

Presenting the latest advances in surface modification of titanium and titanium alloy implants by physical, chemical and biological methods.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5324
Author(s):  
Maria Menini ◽  
Francesca Delucchi ◽  
Domenico Baldi ◽  
Francesco Pera ◽  
Francesco Bagnasco ◽  
...  

(1) Background: Intrinsic characteristics of the implant surface and the possible presence of endotoxins may affect the bone–implant interface and cause an inflammatory response. This study aims to evaluate the possible inflammatory response induced in vitro in macrophages in contact with five different commercially available dental implants. (2) Methods: one zirconia implant NobelPearl® (Nobel Biocare) and four titanium implants, Syra® (Sweden & Martina), Prama® (Sweden & Martina), 3iT3® (Biomet 3i) and Shard® (Mech & Human), were evaluated. After 4 h of contact of murine macrophage cells J774a.1 with the implants, the total RNA was extracted, transcribed to cDNA and the gene expression of the macrophages was evaluated by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in relation to the following genes: GAPDH, YWHAZ, IL1β, IL6, TNFα, NOS2, MMP-9, MMP-8 and TIMP3. The results were statistically analyzed and compared with negative controls. (3) Results: No implant triggered a significant inflammatory response in macrophages, although 3iT3 exhibited a slight pro-inflammatory effect compared to other samples. (4) Conclusions: All the samples showed optimal outcomes without any inflammatory stimulus on the examined macrophagic cells.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document