scholarly journals Nano Pesticides Application in Agriculture and their Impact on Environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malik Asif ◽  
Shayesta Islam ◽  
Mushtaq A. Malik ◽  
Zaffar Mahdi Dar ◽  
Amjad Masood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Size Of Particles ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Nano Size

Environmental contamination and the tolerance developed by the pests, pathogens are some of the environmental issues related to the aimless utilization of chemical pesticides. It has became matter of serious concern for environment, food quality and soil health. Nanotechnology, envisaged as a swiftly emerging field has capability to reform food systems in agriculture. Nanotechnology provides an imperishable solution to these problems by the establishment of nano-pesticides. The functional components or the conveyor molecules used are of nano size. The performance of these nano sized particles is much better the traditional pesticides, as the smaller size aids in proper spreading on the pest surface. Amelioration in solubility of operational components, betterment in stability of formulation, gradual liberation of operational components and enhancement in mobility are some of the paramount advantages of nano particles attributed to the minute size of particles and greater surface area. Thus, nano particles have strengthened activity against target pests in comparison to bulk materials. Furthermore, nano-formulations sustain productive use in agriculture by offering systemic properties, uniform leaf coverage and enhanced soil properties. Despite all the positive aspects, it might have certain negative effects as well, like exposure of humans through distinct routes Viz, exposure to nano pesticides either directly or indirectly like adsorption through skin, or inhalation while breathing air or transfer from one energy level to another by taking contaminated food and water.

The value of functional fermented milk drinks in dietary and preventive nutrition

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 180-191
Author(s):  
Аlla Solomon ◽  
◽  
Iryna Bernyk ◽  
Мariana Bondar ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Milk Product ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
Fermented Milk Products

State policy in the field of healthy nutrition is a timely and vital, because inadequate nutrition for the physical needs of the body poses a threat to national security today. The article analyzes the state of nutrition of the population of Ukraine in recent years, which is marked by negative trends, both in relation to energy adequacy and in relation to the chemical composition of diets. It is proven that the harm to health is caused by insufficient intake of vitamins, minerals and trace elements, resulting in reduced physical and mental performance, resistance to various diseases, increased negative effects on the body of adverse environmental conditions, harmful production factors, nervous and emotional stress and stress. The purpose of this work is to scientifically substantiate the composition of a fermented milk product enriched with sprouted barley grains and rosehip syrup, which allows improving the structure of the human nutrition through the use of functional ingredients and facilitating the adaptation of the human body to adverse external conditions. Experts associate the positive effect of fermented milk products for the human body with the appearance in them of physiologically active functional components, which are also useful in a physiological form. The value of fermented milk products in functional nutrition is determined primarily by the unique composition of microflora, food and biological value of products. Speaking about the nutritional value of fermented milk products, it is necessary to consider in detail the nutritional substances that make up its composition. In the lifr process of lactic acid bacteria, a complex of biologically active substances (enzymes, lactic and acetic acids, antibiotic substances) is accumulating. Dietary fermented milk products improve metabolism, stimulate the secretion of gastric juice, stimulate the appetite. Improving the health of the human body and ensuring its active life through the use of fermented milk products with functional properties is a new promising direction in medicine and nutrition, as its integral part.

scholarly journals Fungal traits important for soil aggregation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anika Lehmann ◽  
Weishuang Zheng ◽  
Masahiro Ryo ◽  
Katharina Soutschek ◽  
Rebecca Rongstock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Soil Aggregation ◽  
Aminopeptidase Activity ◽  
Aggregate Formation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Saprobic Fungi ◽  
Positive Effects

AbstractSoil health and sustainability is essential for ecosystem functioning and human well-being. Soil structure, the complex arrangement of soil into aggregates and pore spaces, is a key feature of soils under the influence of soil life. Soil biota, and among them filamentous saprobic fungi, have well-documented effects on soil aggregation. However, it is unclear what fungal properties, or traits, contribute to the overall positive effect on soil aggregation. So far, we lack a systematic investigation of a broad suite of fungal species for their trait expression and the relation of these traits to their soil aggregation capability.Here, we apply a trait-based approach to a set of 15 traits measured under standardized conditions on 31 fungal strains including Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota, all isolated from the same soil.We found a spectrum of soil aggregate formation capability ranging from neutral to positive and large differences in trait expression among strains. We identified biomass density (positive effects), leucine aminopeptidase activity (negative effects) and phylogeny as important modulators of fungal aggregate formation capability. Our results point to a typical suite of traits characterizing fungi that are good soil aggregators; this could inform screening for fungi to be used in biotechnological applications, and illustrates the power of employing a trait-based approach to unravel biological mechanisms of soil aggregation, which could now be extended to other organism groups.

Contributions of Urban Agro Ecological Agriculture to Ecosystem Services

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
José G. Vargas-Hernández ◽  
Olga E. Domené-Painenao
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Social Equity ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Social

This paper has the aim to analyze the implications of the transition of ecosystem services based on urban agro ecology. It advances on the debate over the negative effects of the traditional and industrial oriented agricultural production on the ecosystem services, food systems, climate change, etc. and analyses the principles, methods, and some practices that support the transition to urban agro ecology. The method employed is the analytical of the theoretical and empirical literature review. It concludes that a transition from traditional and industrial-oriented agriculture towards more urban agro ecology is inevitable to improve the ecological and environmental services, the economic efficiency, the social equity and justice, and the environmental sustainability of cities.

Regulatory and motivational predictors of procrastination

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Rudnova ◽  
◽  
D. S. Kornienko
Keyword(s):  
Academic Motivation ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Educational Motivation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
Reporting Method

This is a study of regulatory and motivational predictors of student procrastination. Students procrastinate more than young specialists. With age, procrastination decreases due to self-regulation, but procrastination has negative effects, so it is important to determine its predictors. Probably they will become motivation and self-regulation. For the diagnosis of the studied psychological characteristics were used self-reporting method. The study involved 198 students aged 17 to 24 years (M = 19.47; SD = 1.55), students in 1–4 courses, of which 65 % were girls. The results obtained indicate a negative relationship of procrastination with selfregulation and internal academic motivation, a positive one — with motivation. The features of changes in the severity of procrastination, self-regulation and educational motivation from junior to senior are revealed. It has been established that the most significant contribution to the level of procrastination is made by such functional components of self-regulation as programming and modeling.

How an Innovative Sugarcane Biofuel System can Prevent a Clash between Food and Energy in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 1950005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilson de Paula ◽  
Wellington Pereira ◽  
Mary Jane Parmentier
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Potential Conflict ◽  
Industrial Transformation ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
Second Generation Ethanol

Food commodities have been used worldwide for both human consumption and energy, amid concerns of environmental degradation and damaging effects on local food systems. Presently, strategies of rural development have encompassed the use of green resources to produce biofuels and an agenda of food security. We argue that by the strengthening of a Sectorial System of Production and Innovation involving farming activity, industrial transformation and institutional support, production for food and for energy can be balanced. Our discussion contributes to the resolution of the potential conflict between agro-energy and food production and the role of public policies in stimulating second-generation ethanol based on remaining biomass. Based on the current literature and empirical evidences, the prospects for sugarcane ethanol in Brazil are examined, bearing in mind the development of a system able to produce second-generation ethanol, as a strategy able to mitigate negative effects on food security.

scholarly journals Evaluation of vitamin D bioaccessibility and iron solubility from test meals containing meat and/or cereals and/or legumes

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany Antoine ◽  
Giulia Scorrano ◽  
Cristèle Icard-Vernière ◽  
Charlotte Halimi ◽  
Stéphane Georgé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Iron Bioavailability ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Mineral Absorption ◽  
Iron Solubility

AbstractRethinking food systems from production to consumption, in order to provide better nutritional inputs at lower environmental cost, is a priority challenge for a sustainable future. Pulses present benefits that may improve the sustainability of our systems and diets, such as their ability to restore soils in nitrogen and their high contents in proteins, fibers and minerals. However, pulses also contain several bioactive compounds such as phytates or tannins that can negatively affect mineral absorption. Additionally, we recently showed in the laboratory that these bioactives, together with fibers and saponins, could negatively impact fat-soluble vitamin bioavailability. The objective of this study was thus to follow up vitamin D (as a model of fat-soluble vitamin) and iron (as a model of mineral) transfer to the aqueous phase of the bolus during digestion of meal containing or not pulses. To this aim, we performed in vitrodigestion using tests meals made of beef (as a model of meat) and/or semolina (as a model of cereals) and/or chickpeas (as a model of pulses). To identify the compounds responsible for the observed effects, we also performed in vitrodigestion using test meals made of potatoes supplemented or not in fibers, phytates, tannins and saponines. Vitamin D bioaccessibility and iron solubility were expressed as the ratio of vitamin D or iron recovered in the aqueous phase of the digestion on the total amount of vitamin D or iron recovered in the whole digesta, at the end of the digestion.Our results showed that the presence of chickpeas within a meal induced a significant decrease of both vitamin D bioaccessibility (up to -56%, p < 0.05) and iron solubility (up to -28%, p < 0.05) compared to meals containing only meat and/or semolina. However, this effect was largely compensated for vitamin D by the fact that this vitamin was less stable (loss > 50%, p < 0.05) during the digestion of meal containing meat compared to meals containing only plant-based foods (i.e. semolina and chickpeas). Among the different bioactives, tannins appear to be the most deleterious regarding iron solubility, while both phytates and tannins were responsible for a decreased in vitamin D bioaccessibility.Our results confirm that in some conditions, the presence of pulses within a meal can be deleterious regarding vitamin D and iron bioavailability. These data thus encourage research to propose dietary and technological solutions to tackle pulse negative effects on micronutrient bioavailability.

scholarly journals Integrating Food Culture with Socio-Environmental Recovery: Case Study Perspectives from the Global South

Humanities ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Lea Rekow
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Food Culture ◽  
Environmental Restoration ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
Restoration Planning ◽  
Environmental Recovery

This paper discusses how local-level food systems, social remediation and environmental restoration can be linked to increase stability and build resilience inside extremely vulnerable communities. Specifically, it details how food culture entwines with socio-environmental restoration to benefit three low-income urban and peri-urban communities located in Thailand, India and Brazil. It aims to add to an existing body of knowledge that resides at the nexus of food, socio-environmental restoration and informality. It details effective, proven initiatives that have been regionally replicated to support marginalized communities to better cope with the negative effects of simultaneous stressors. It posits that imaginative visioning can be applied to simultaneously cultivate food security, remediate neglected lands and improve socio-economic opportunity. It provides a contribution to the field of social-ecological restoration planning in relation to food studies in lowest-income contexts.

scholarly journals Bioactivity and Physico-Chemical Properties of Dental Composites Functionalized with Nano- vs. Micro-Sized Bioactive Glass

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reto Odermatt ◽  
Matej Par ◽  
Dirk Mohn ◽  
Daniel B. Wiedemeier ◽  
Thomas Attin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Degree Of Conversion ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Glass Composites ◽  
Knoop Microhardness ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽  
Nano Size

Bioactive resin composites can contribute to the prevention of secondary caries, which is one of the main reasons for failure of contemporary dental restorations. This study investigated the effect of particle size of bioactive glass 45S5 on chemical and physical composite properties. Four experimental composites were prepared by admixing the following fillers into a commercial flowable composite: (1) 15 wt% of micro-sized bioactive glass, (2) 15 wt% of nano-sized bioactive glass, (3) a combination of micro- (7.5 wt%) and nano-sized (7.5 wt%) bioactive glass, and (4) 15 wt% of micro-sized inert barium glass. Hydroxyapatite precipitation and pH rise in phosphate-buffered saline were evaluated during 28 days. Degree of conversion and Knoop microhardness were measured 24 h after specimen preparation and after 28 days of phosphate-buffered saline immersion. Data were analyzed using non-parametric statistics (Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon tests) at an overall level of significance of 5%. Downsizing the bioactive glass particles from micro- to nano-size considerably improved their capability to increase pH. The effect of nano-sized bioactive glass on degree of conversion and Knoop microhardness was similar to that of micro-sized bioactive glass. Composites containing nano-sized bioactive glass formed a more uniform hydroxyapatite layer after phosphate-buffered saline immersion than composites containing exclusively micro-sized particles. Partial replacement of nano- by micro-sized bioactive glass in the hybrid composite did not impair its reactivity, degree of conversion (p > 0.05), and Knoop microhardness (p > 0.05). It is concluded that downsizing bioactive glass particles to nano-size improves the alkalizing potential of experimental composites with no negative effects on their fundamental properties.

scholarly journals Connecting the Dots Between Sustainable Diets and Biocultural Systems in a Rural Indigenous Community of the Ecuadorian Andes (OR20-07-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Andres Gallegos ◽  
William Waters ◽  
Amaya Carrasco ◽  
Mabel Pintag ◽  
Martha Caranqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Soil Restoration ◽  
Seed Selection ◽  
Sustainable Diets ◽  
Control Seed ◽  
Crossover Analysis ◽  
Household Heads

Abstract Objectives Characterize the psychosocial and agroecological dimensions of sustainable diets and their roles in an Andean biocultural system. Methods A participatory mixed-methods design: 1) focus groups (n = 39) and key informant interviews (n = 7) were recorded, translated, transcribed, and analyzed using three-staged coding; 2) information was triangulated with participant observations, local records, and descriptive statistics from a survey to female household heads (n = 57); 3) rural appraisal activities for agronomic calendars and yields; 4) ten sites, purposively selected, prospected with local informants to obtain a Margelef-Shannon's K Diversity Index; 5) a subset of five sites for agroecological parameters with MO-Dirt methods for soil health and laboratory analysis; 6) a crossover analysis of agrobiodiversity, land-family size ratios and diet; and 7) four community-based system dynamics sessions to elucidate causal-loop diagrams. Results A psychosocial dimension was centered in indigenous identity, customary institutions, and agrarian knowledge. Identity was grounded in Mother Earth (Pachamama) and traditional foods. Customary institutions reinforce trust and reciprocity, mobilize labor-intensive tasks and food production and processing. Traditional knowledge includes agrarian calendars, pest control, seed selection, and soil restoration measures. An agroecological dimension is characterized by a pre-Hispanic system of terraces, trenches, and contention walls, as well as ecological richness. Combined analysis of both dimensions, including ethnographic testimonials, archeological research, and local records, reveal that the community is a remarkable biocultural space, which seems to promote sustainable crop yields through the generations. Conclusions This study suggests the viability of a reinforcement loop in indigenous-based agri-food systems, in which sustainable diets support a stable biocultural space and where the dynamic interaction between psychosocial and agroecological factors assure the stability of biocultural space. Research on biocultural systems represents an opportunity to elucidate ideas for present and future sustainability and food security challenges. Funding Sources Funded by the Brown School's International Dissertation Award.

Chitosan: An elicitor and antimicrobial Bio-resource in plant protection

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akansha Singh ◽  
Kalpana Gairola, ◽  
Vinod Upadhyay ◽  
J. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
High Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Spoilage Microorganisms

Pesticide resistance and environment threat due to injudicious use of chemical pesticides for disease management employs the alteration in management practices. Chitosan, a deacetylated chitin derivative, behaves like a general elicitor, inducing a non-host resistance, and prime the plants for systemic acquired resistance in addition to this Chitosan has high antimicrobial activity against a wide range of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, including fungi and bacteria. The use of chitosan in agriculture and in food systems should be based on sufficient knowledge of the complex mechanisms of its elicitor and antimicrobial mode of action. In this article we a number of studies on the investigation of chitosan antimicrobial and resistance inducing properties and application of them in agriculture sector have been summarized.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document