scholarly journals The Impact of Climate Change on Changing Patten of Maize Diseases in Indian Subcontinent: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meena Shekhar ◽  
Nirupma Singh
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Central India ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
North India ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Climate change influences the occurrence, prevalence, and severity of plant pathogens. Global temperatures are predicted to rise by 2–4°C due to human activities and increased market globalization, coupled with rising temperatures, leads to a situation favorable to pest movement and establishment. Maize is an important crop after wheat and rice. Changes in rainfall distribution and temperature may result in temporary excessive soil moisture or water logging or drought in some maize producing areas leading to alterations in biotic stress factors. In Indian subcontinent warming trend in climate along the west coast, central, interior peninsula and northeast regions creates favorable conditions for diseases in maize like sorghum downy mildew (SDM) and Turcicum leaf blight (TLB). The decreasing trend of monsoon, seasonal rainfall in North India, Central India, parts of Gujarat and Kerala is suitable for post flowering stalk-rot (PFSR) which is gaining importance in maize. The outcome for any host-pathogen interaction under changing climate is not readily predictable. This review assesses the potential effects of climate change on maize pathogens and consequently on plant health. The evidence assessed indicates that climate change has already expanded pathogen’s host range and geographical distribution increasing the risk of introduction of pathogens into new areas.

scholarly journals Modelling the impact of climate change on rice production in India

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-274
Author(s):  
L. S. RATHORE ◽  
K. K. SINGH ◽  
S. A. SASEENDRAN ◽  
A. K. BAXLA
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South India ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Central India ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
The Impact

The CERES-Rice crop simulation model, calibrated and validated for the    varieties PR106 in NW India. IR36 in central India and Jaya in south India, is used for  nalysing the effect of climate change on rice productivity in the country. Plausible climate change scenario for the Indian subcontinent as expected by the middle of the next century taking into account the projected emissions of greenhouse gases and sulphate aerosols, in a coupled atmosphere-ocean model experiment performed at Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum, Germany, is adopted for the study. The adopted scenario represented an increase in monsoon seasonal mean surface temperature of the order of about 1.5° C over the south India and 1°C over northwest and central India in the decade 2040-49 with respect to the 1980s and an increase in rainfall of the order of 2 mm per day over south India while the simulated decrease of the order about -1 mm and -1.5 mm over northwest and central India respectively. The IPCC Business-as-usual scenario projection of plant usable concentration of CO2 about 460 PPM by the middle fo the next century are also used in the crop model simulation (CERES - Rice V3 Model).   Simulation studies carried out with the climate change scenarios over different parts of the country are analysed and interpreted.

scholarly journals Indicators of climate change in agricultural systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 163 (4) ◽  
pp. 1719-1732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry L. Hatfield ◽  
John Antle ◽  
Karen A. Garrett ◽  
Roberto Cesar Izaurralde ◽  
Terry Mader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Near Term ◽  
The Impact

AbstractClimate change affects all segments of the agricultural enterprise, and there is mounting evidence that the continuing warming trend with shifting seasonality and intensity in precipitation will increase the vulnerability of agricultural systems. Agricultural is a complex system within the USA encompassing a large number of crops and livestock systems, and development of indicators to provide a signal of the impact of climate change on these different systems would be beneficial to the development of strategies for effective adaptation practices. A series of indicators were assembled to determine their potential for assessing agricultural response to climate change in the near term and long term and those with immediate capability of being implemented and those requiring more development. The available literature reveals indicators on livestock related to heat stress, soil erosion related to changes in precipitation, soil carbon changes in response to increasing carbon dioxide and soil management practices, economic response to climate change in agricultural production, and crop progress and productivity. Crop progress and productivity changes are readily observed data with a historical record for some crops extending back to the mid-1800s. This length of historical record coupled with the county-level observations from each state where a crop is grown and emerging pest populations provides a detailed set of observations to assess the impact of a changing climate on agriculture. Continued refinement of tools to assess climate impacts on agriculture will provide guidance on strategies to adapt to climate change.

scholarly journals Detection of annual and seasonal temperature variability and change using non-parametric test- A case study of Bundelkhand region of central India

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-408
Author(s):  
SUCHIT K. RAI ◽  
SUNIL KUMAR ◽  
MANOJ CHAUDHARY
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Central India ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Temperature Variability ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Economic Activities

Consequences of global warming and climate change are major threat to humans and their socio-economic activities. Agriculture of Bundelkhand region is supposed to be more vulnerable due to emerging scenario of climate change and poor socio-economic status of farming community. Many studies carried out elsewhere have shown evidence of regional temperature variability along with global climate changes. This study focuses on the temporal variability and trend in annual and seasonal temperature (1901-2012) at six locations of Bundelkhand region. The results of the analysis reveal that the annual maximum (TMax) and minimum (TMin) temperature has significantly increasing trend in all the locations in the range of 0.5 to 2.0oC 100 year-1 and 0.5 to 1.1 oC 100 year-1, respectively. Seasonal analysis revealed warming trend in both TMax (0.6-2.6oC100 year-1) and TMin (0.9 to 2.3 oC 100 year-1) during post-monsoon and winter season in all the locations. Majority of the locations showed cooling trend (0.3-1.0 oC 100 year-1), in the mean maximum and minimum temperature during monsoon season except at two locations i.e Jhansi and Banda. However, a significant positive trends (2.9 oC) in the TMin was found for the period of hundred years at Banda district during monsoon season.

scholarly journals Challenges – the impact of climate change on the nutritional management of Hungarian orchards

2018 ◽  
pp. 323-334
Author(s):  
Péter Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Nutrient Demand ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
The Impact

The agricultural sector is increasingly exposed to both environmental and economic risks due to the phenomena of climate change and climate variability. Fruit growth and productivity are adversely affected by nature’s wrath in the form of various abiotic stress factors. Climate change and extreme climatic events are predicted to increase in intensity, frequency, and geographic extent as a consequence of global climate change. It is no doubt that frequency of unexpected climatic events and their growing rate result in an increasing amount of problems for fruit growers globally. Today, climate change impacts are the most serious problems for Hungarian fruit growers as well. It can be stated that the nutrient demand of fruit trees can be supplied only under even worse conditions. Therefore, it is so important to know and apply adaptation and mitigation strategies in horticulture to improve fruit quality and yield. In the last ten years, at the Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management at University of Debrecen expanded studies have been made to prove the importance of groundcover management in horticultural applications. In this mini review paper, is presented, how the university's researches contributed to the expansion of knowledge of preservation of soil moisture and what advice we can provide for fruit growers to face the challenges of climate change.

scholarly journals MULTITEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF FOREST COVER CHANGE USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS OF KANHA TIGER RESERVE, CENTRAL INDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-5 ◽  
pp. 211-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Devi ◽  
B. Sinha ◽  
J. Bisaria ◽  
S. Saran
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Central India ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Tiger Reserve ◽  
The Impact

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Forest ecosystems play a key role in global ecological balance and provide a variety of tangible and intangible ecosystem services that support the livelihoods of rural poor. In addition to the anthropogenic pressure on the forest resources, climate change is also impacting vegetation productivity, biomass and phenological patterns of the forest. There are many studies reported all over the world which use change in Land Use Land Cover (LULC) to assess the impact of climate change on the forest. Land use change (LC) refers to any anthropogenic or natural changes in the terrestrial ecosystem at a variety of spatial or temporal scale. Changes in LULC induced by any causes (natural/anthropogenic) play a major role in global as well as regional scale pattern which in turn affects weather and climate. Remote sensing (RS) data along with Geographic Information System (GIS) help in inventorying, mapping and monitoring of earth resources for effective and sustainable landscape management of forest areas. Accurate information about the current and past LULC including natural forest cover along with accurate means of monitoring the changes are very necessary to design future adaptation strategies and formulation of policies in tune of climate change. Therefore, this study attempts to analyze the changes of LULC of Kanha Tiger Reserve (KTR) due to climate change. The rationale for selecting KTR is to have a largely intact forest area without any interference so that any change in LULC could be attributed to the impact of climate change. The change analysis depicted changes in land use land cover (LULC) pattern by using multi-temporal satellite data over a period of time. Further, these detected changes in different LULC class influence the livelihoods of forest-dependent communities. As the study site is a Sal dominated landscape; the findings could be applied in other Sal dominated landscape of central India in making future policies, adaptation strategies and silvicultural practices for reducing the vulnerability of forest-dependent communities.</p>

Healthy Cities – Resilient Cities. Urban development in the context of climate change

BUILDER ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 284 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Jacek Wiszniowski
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Healthy Cities ◽  
The Impact

The impact of climate change is more and more often taken into account in urban development strategies and concerns mainly reducing threats and protection against the effects of extreme phenomena. Stress factors that are mainly related to civilization changes (economic and technological progress) and environmental changes (nature, resources, and climate) test a city's ability to remain functional in spite of crises. With this in mind, it is necessary to review the development strategies of contemporary cities identify the main course of action aimed at increasing the resistance to threats at the global, regional and local level, identify instruments that help in the planning of adaptations, and assess the scope of such plans. In Poland, the idea of developing healthy and resilient cities is not as popular as in other countries. The first adaptation strategies generally focus on the risks related to extreme weather events. It is expected that subsequent plans will gradually extend the scope of adaptation, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic made us realize that crisis management is insufficient and that the city's resilience should be developed. This paper explores the idea of Healthy Cities and other contemporary concepts of urban spatial development in the context of climate change. The author puts forward a thesis about the influence of the climate agenda on the transformation of the idea of Healthy Cities into the concept of Resilient Cities. The work includes an analysis of the development strategies of European cities, with particular emphasis on the largest cities in Poland, regarding the adaptation of the urban environment to the existing and projected climate hazards. The research goal is to evaluate the strategies for city development adopted by cities in their strategic documents as well as to assess the scale of climate change and its impact on the spatial development policy.

Future Changes in extreme precipitation over South Asia and its causes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayank Suman ◽  
Rajib Maity
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Indian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Indian Ocean Dipole ◽  
South India ◽  
Central India ◽  
Moisture Flux ◽  
North India

&lt;p&gt;Indian Summer Monsoon is vulnerable to climate change. Analysis of precipitation over India suggests more increase in extreme precipitation over south India as compared to north and central India during post-1970 (1971-2017) as compared to pre-1970 (1930-1970) (Suman and Maity, 2020). This contrast in the characteristics of extreme precipitation over south and north India is expected to continue as revealed by the analysis of precipitation from the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) simulations. Additionally, precipitation extreme are expected to shift southward over South Asia in the future (2006-2100 as compared to 1961-2005). For instance, the Arabian Sea, south India, Myanmar, Thailand, and Malaysia are expected to have the maximum increase (~18.5 mm/day for RCP8.5 scenario) in mean extreme precipitation (average precipitation for the days with more than 99&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; percentile of daily precipitation). However, north and central India and Tibetan Plateau show relatively less increase (~2.7 mm/day for RCP8.5 scenario). The increase in extreme precipitation over most part of South Asia can be attributed to stronger monsoon due to increase in air temperature over Tibetan Platue and Himalayas, stronger positive Indian Ocean Dipole events, and high precipitatible water over land areas in the future. However, while analysis of moisture flux and moisture convergence at 850mb, an intense eastward shift is noticed for moisture flux (over Indian Ocean region). This shift in moisture flux along with associated changes in moisture convergence over landmass are found to intensify during days with extreme precipitation. These changes are expected to intensify the observed contrast in extreme precipitation over south and north India and shift the extreme precipitation southward over south Asia, causing more extreme precipitation events in the countries like Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keywords:&lt;/strong&gt; Extreme Precipitation; Indian Summer Monsoon; Climate Change; Indian Ocean Dipole.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reference:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Suman, M., Maity, R. (2020), Southward shift of precipitation extremes over south Asia: Evidences from CORDEX data. &lt;em&gt;Sci Rep&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;10, &lt;/strong&gt;6452 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-63571-x.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Detection of anthropogenic climate change in satellite records of ocean chlorophyll and productivity

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 621-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Henson ◽  
J. L. Sarmiento ◽  
J. P. Dunne ◽  
L. Bopp ◽  
I. Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Decadal Variability ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Ocean Colour ◽  
Ocean Productivity ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Global climate change is predicted to alter the ocean's biological productivity. But how will we recognise the impacts of climate change on ocean productivity? The most comprehensive information available on its global distribution comes from satellite ocean colour data. Now that over ten years of satellite-derived chlorophyll and productivity data have accumulated, can we begin to detect and attribute climate change-driven trends in productivity? Here we compare recent trends in satellite ocean colour data to longer-term time series from three biogeochemical models (GFDL, IPSL and NCAR). We find that detection of climate change-driven trends in the satellite data is confounded by the relatively short time series and large interannual and decadal variability in productivity. Thus, recent observed changes in chlorophyll, primary production and the size of the oligotrophic gyres cannot be unequivocally attributed to the impact of global climate change. Instead, our analyses suggest that a time series of ~40 years length is needed to distinguish a global warming trend from natural variability. In some regions, notably equatorial regions, detection times are predicted to be shorter (~20–30 years). Analysis of modelled chlorophyll and primary production from 2001–2100 suggests that, on average, the climate change-driven trend will not be unambiguously separable from decadal variability until ~2055. Because the magnitude of natural variability in chlorophyll and primary production is larger than, or similar to, the global warming trend, a consistent, decades-long data record must be established if the impact of climate change on ocean productivity is to be definitively detected.

scholarly journals The interaction between a parasite and sub-optimal temperatures contributes to honey bee decline

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Frizzera ◽  
Laura Andreuzza ◽  
Giulia Boaro ◽  
Mauro D'Agaro ◽  
Simone Del Fabbro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Colony Losses ◽  
Bee Colony ◽  
Insect Decline ◽  
The Impact

Global insect decline and, in particular, honey bee colony losses are related to multiple stress factors, including landscape deterioration, pollution, parasites and climate change. However, the implications of the interaction among different stress factors for insect health are still poorly understood; in particular, little is known on how challenging environmental conditions can influence the impact of parasites. Here we exploited the honey bee as a model system to approach this problem and carried out extensive lab and field work aiming at assessing how suboptimal temperatures and parasitic challenges can alter the homeostatic balance of individual bees and the whole colony, leading to individual death and colony collapse. We found that mite infestation further than increasing the mortality of bees, induces an anorexia that in turn reduces the capacity of bees to thermoregulate, thus exposing them to the detrimental effect of lower temperatures. This, in turn, has dramatic implications for the colony as a whole. The results highlight the important role that abiotic factors can have in shaping the effect of parasitic challenges on honey bees. Furthermore, the multilevel and holistic approach adopted here can represent a useful template for similar studies on other insect species, which are particularly urgent in view of climate change and the continuous pressure of natural and exotic parasites on insect populations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document