scholarly journals Pollution of Water Resources and Environmental Impacts in Urban Areas of Developing Countries: Case of the City of Les Cayes (Haiti)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketty Balthazard-Accou ◽  
Evens Emmanuel ◽  
Patrice Agnamey ◽  
Christian Raccurt
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The City

scholarly journals Will Distance to the Capital City Matter When Supplying New Cities in Egypt?

GeoScape ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed R. Ibrahim ◽  
Houshmand E. Masoumi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Capital City ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Occupancy Rate ◽  
Spatial Characteristics ◽  
Greater Cairo ◽  
Occupancy Rates ◽  
The City ◽  
Geographical Locations

Abstract Unlike other developing countries, the housing market in Egypt is characterized by densely populated urban areas in old cities and the peripheral urban agglomeration. In contrast, a high rate of vacancy along most of the new cities that have been established since the 1980s is seen. Regardless of such high rate of vacancies, still the variation in occupancy rates among those new cities is notable. Questions arising include: Does proximity to old cities or Greater Cairo affect the size of the population of the new cities? Is the size of the city or the year of establishment plays roles in attracting more inhabitants? The factors of spatial characteristics of new cities in Egypt remain questionable. This research aims to reveal the association between occupancy rate and six factors related to the spatial characteristics of new cities and their geographical locations, such as; current inhabitants, the estimated size of the target group, the size of new cities, total number of housing units, distance to nearby old city, and distance to Greater Cairo.

scholarly journals Analysis of Pedestrian Accidents in Irbid City, Jordan

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bashar H. Al-Omari ◽  
Eman S. Obaidat
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Illumination Condition ◽  
The Road ◽  
Accident Severity ◽  
Pedestrian Accidents ◽  
Sunny Weather ◽  
The City

The numbers of people who are walking and bicycling continues to increase all over the world and pedestrian accidents are becoming a serious problem in the developed and developing countries. However, the problem is more severe in the developing countries, such as Jordan where pedestrians represented 32.5% of all traffic accident fatalities and 23.8% of all traffic accident injuries during the year 2010. This study aims at analyzing pedestrian accidents in Irbid city, as an example for urban areas in Jordan, based on a total of 1090 pedestrian accidents that have occurred in the City during the three years period (1999 - 2001). The analysis was based on pedestrian characteristics, driver characteristics, accident time, accident location, weather, road surface condition, illumination condition, vehicle characteristics, speed limit, accident severity, pedestrian faults, and driver faults. Geographic Information System (GIS) tool was used to locate all pedestrian accidents over the study area. The results of the study showed that the majority of pedestrian accidents have occurred at non-intersection locations, during clear and sunny weather, on dry surface, during daylight, and at low speed limits. Also, more pedestrian accidents have occurred during the afternoons, on Thursdays, and during July. The majority of involved drivers in pedestrian accidents were males, with private license type, driving private vehicles and committed the fault of “not giving priority to pedestrians”. The majority of pedestrian victims were males, children less than 15 years old, and hit by vehicles while crossing the road.

The Contribution of ICTs to Sustainable Urbanization and Health in Urban Areas in Cameroon

2020 ◽  
pp. 624-641
Author(s):  
Adolphe Ayissi Eteme ◽  
Justin Moskolai Ngossaha
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Sustainable Urbanization ◽  
The City

The uncontrolled urbanization in African cities with inadequate access to urban domestic waste, housing and sanitation management services (DWHSMS) generates landscapes that become places of the spread of many pathologies leading to many public health problems. The city of Yaoundé (Cameroon) is not an exception in this situation which exposes an urban population to the most recurrent diseases. The situation become more complex in the fact that, the performance of the policies and the actions undertaken implied in developing countries, is not known in a precisely. The information sources are dispersed, old and not coordinated. ICT can, at the service of the great causes like the sustainable urbanization and/or environmental health, constitute the irreplaceable ones and essential decision-making tools. For this purpose, integrated and interoperable YUSIIP platform has proposed and deployed. The objective of this article is to present this Domestic platform and to show its contribution in (DWHSMS).

The Contribution of ICTs to Sustainable Urbanization and Health in Urban Areas in Cameroon

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-75
Author(s):  
Adolphe Ayissi Eteme ◽  
Justin Moskolai Ngossaha
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Sustainable Urbanization ◽  
The City

The uncontrolled urbanization in African cities with inadequate access to urban domestic waste, housing and sanitation management services (DWHSMS) generates landscapes that become places of the spread of many pathologies leading to many public health problems. The city of Yaoundé (Cameroon) is not an exception in this situation which exposes an urban population to the most recurrent diseases. The situation become more complex in the fact that, the performance of the policies and the actions undertaken implied in developing countries, is not known in a precisely. The information sources are dispersed, old and not coordinated. ICT can, at the service of the great causes like the sustainable urbanization and/or environmental health, constitute the irreplaceable ones and essential decision-making tools. For this purpose, integrated and interoperable YUSIIP platform has proposed and deployed. The objective of this article is to present this Domestic platform and to show its contribution in (DWHSMS).

scholarly journals Evaluation of environmental impacts at the Aluízio Campos complex, Paraíba, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-267
Author(s):  
Joaci Dos Santos Cerqueira ◽  
Helder Neves de Albuquerque ◽  
Ênio Pereira de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ecological Integrity ◽  
Grazing Area ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The City ◽  
Degree Of Degradation

The city of Campina Grande-PB is lacking preserved urban areas, particularly ecological reserves. The conservation of these areas provides an improvement in air quality in cities, in addition to improving the quality of life. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the environmental impacts, in order to support the management of natural resources, in Aluízio Campos Complex in the city of Campina Grande – PB. This research is characterized as exploratory, outlined the method of observation and qualitative, quantitative, descriptive and interdisciplinary analysis of nature. As a tool for the identification and assessment of environmental impacts used the Leopold matrix adapted and remote sensing tools. An expressive quantitative of fauna resources was identified, and the ecological importance of the area was recorded with representatives of the most diverse zoological groups (mammals, reptiles, amphibians, birds and invertebrates); found too that the area is anthropic, with various vegetation types: area off quarry; vegetable remnants of large, grazing area, among others. Therefore, it is recommended actions for continuous and permanent environmental education with residents of the area and the surroundings; Regarding ecological integrity in the Aluízio Campos Complex, a high degree of degradation was observed, with remnants of vegetation from the ecotone caatinga and Atlantic forest.

Urbanization of fauna on the example of marsh frog (Pelophylax ridibundus)

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
A. P. Korzh ◽  
T. V. Zahovalko
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Corrective Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Recently, the number of published works devoted to the processes of synanthropization of fauna, is growing like an avalanche, which indicates the extreme urgency of this theme. In our view, the process of forming devices to coexist with human and the results of his life reflects the general tandency of the modern nature evolution. Urbanization is characteristic for such a specific group of animals like amphibians, the evidence of which are numerous literature data. Many researchers use this group to assess the bioindicative quality of the environment. For this aim a variety of indicators are used: from the cellular level of life of organization up to the species composition of the group in different territories. At the same time, the interpretation of the results is not always comparable for different areas and often have significantly different interpretations by experts. Urban environment, primarily due to the contamination is extremely aggressive to amphibians. As a consequence, the urban populations of amphibians may be a change in the demographic structure, affecting the reproductive ability of the population, the disappearance of the most sensitive species or individuals, resizing animals, the appearance of abnormalities in the development, etc. At the same time play an important amphibians in the ecosystems of cities, and some species in these conditions even feel relatively comfortable. Therefore, it is interesting to understand the mechanisms of self-sustaining populations of amphibians in urban environments. To assess the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on the development of amphibian populations were used cognitive modeling using the program Vensim PLE. Cognitive map of the model for urban and suburban habitat conditions were the same. The differences concerned the strength of connections between individual factors (migration, fertility, pollution) and their orientation. In general, factors like pollution, parasites, predators had negative impact on the population, reducing its number. The birth rate, food and migration contributed to raising number of individuals. Some of the factors affected on the strength to of each other as well: the majority of the factors affected the structure of the population, had an influence on the fertility. Thanks to it the model reflects the additive effect of complex of factors on the subsequent status of the population. Proposed and analyzed four scenarios differing strength and duration of exposure. In the first scenario, a one-time contamination occurs and not subsequently repeated. The second and third scenario assumes half board contamination, 1 year (2 scenario) and two years (scenario 3). In the fourth scenario, the pollution affected the population of amphibians constantly. In accordance with the results of simulation, much weaker than the natural populations respond to pollution - have them as an intensive population growth and its disappearance at constant pollution is slow. Changes to other parameters of the model showed that this pollution is the decisive factor -only the constant action leads to a lethal outcome for the populations. All other components of the model have a corrective effect on the population dynamics, without changing its underlying trand. In urban areas due to the heavy impact of pollution maintaining the population is only possible thanks to the migration process – the constant replenishment of diminishing micropopulations of natural reserves. This confirms the assumption that the form of existence metapopulations lake frog in the city. In order to maintain the number of amphibians in urban areas at a high level it is necessary to maintain existing migration routes and the creation of new ones. Insular nature of the placement of suitable habitats in urban areas causes the metapopulation structure of the types of urbanists. Therefore, the process of urbanization is much easier for those species whicht are capable of migration in conditions of city. In the initial stages of settling the city micropopulationis formed by selective mortality of the most susceptible individuals to adverse effects. In future, maintaining the categories of individuals is provided mainly due to migration processes metapopulisation form of the species of existence is supported). It should be noted that the changes in the previous levels are always saved in future. In the case of reorganizations of individuals we of morphology can assume the existence of extremely adverse environmental conditions that threaten the extinction of the micropopulations. 

Epizootological features of demodicosis in homeless animals in the city of Tyumen ЭПИЗООТОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ДЕМОДЕКОЗА У БЕЗДОМНЫХ ЖИВОТНЫХ В ГОРОДЕ ТЮМЕНИ

2019 ◽  
pp. 6-11
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Entire Population ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
The City

Широкое распространение безнадзорных животных на территории городов несет за собой потенциальную угрозу распространения зооантропонозных заболеваний, одним из которых является демодекоз. Невозможно разработать мероприятия, направленные на борьбу с заболеванием и его профилактику, без анализа данных особенностей возникновения и распространения инвазии среди всей популяции восприимчивых животных. Поэтому целью нашей работы явилось изучение распространения демодекоза среди безнадзорных собак и кошек в городе Тюмени. В задачи исследования входило изучение распространения демодекоза и его клинического проявления среди бездомных собак и кошек в условиях города Тюмени и определение сезонной динамики заболевания. Работу выполняли в 2016-2018 гг. на базе кафедры анатомии и физиологии ФГБОУ ВО ГАУ Северного Зауралья, в лаборатории акарологии ВНИИВЭА – филиала ТюмНЦ СО РАН, а также в производственных условиях на базе пункта временного содержания безнадзорных домашних животных МКУ «ЛесПаркХоз». Демодекозная инвазия распространена среди бездомных кошек и собак. Наиболее часто демодекоз встречается у собак, экстенсивность инвазии от 0,65 до 0,72%. Заболевание демодекозом у бездомных собак регистрировали на протяжении всего года, но 54,6% больных собак поступали в апреле и мае. Большинство больных демодекозом – это молодые собаки в возрасте от 1,5 месяцев до 2-х лет – 75,76%, животные старше двух лет гораздо реже страдали от демодекоза – 24,24%. Генерализацию демодекоза регистрировали у 21 собаки (63,64%), а локализованные очаги – у 12 собак (36,36%). Наиболее распространенной формой проявления демодекоза у бездомных собак является пустулезная, или пиодемодекоз. Данная форма заболевания была отмечена у 16 собак (48,49%), чешуйчатая форма отмечалась у 10 собак (30,30%), а смешанная – у 7 собак (21,21%). The widespread use of stray animals in urban areas carries with it the potential threat of the spread of zooanthroponotic diseases, one of which is demodicosis. It is impossible to develop measures aimed at combating the disease and its prevention without analyzing the data on the characteristics of the occurrence and spread of invasion among the entire population of susceptible animals. Therefore, the purpose of our work was to study the distribution of demodicosis among street dogs and cats in the city of Tyumen. The objectives of the study included the study of the spread of demodicosis and its clinical manifestation among stray dogs and cats in the conditions of the city of Tyumen and the determination of the seasonal dynamics of the disease. Demodectic invasion is common among stray cats and dogs. Most often, demodicosis occurs in dogs, with extensive invasion from 0.65 to 0.72%. Demodecosis in stray dogs was recorded throughout the year, but 54.6% of sick dogs were reported in April and May. The majority of patients with demodicosis are young dogs between the ages of 1.5 months and 2 years old - 75.76%, animals older than two years suffer less from demodicosis, only 24.24%. Generalization of demodicosis was recorded in 21 dogs (63.64%), and localized foci in 12 dogs (36.36%). The most common form of demodicosis in stray dogs is pustular or pyodemodecosis. This form of the disease was observed in 16 dogs (48.49%), scaly form, was observed in 10 dogs (30.30%), and mixed in 7 dogs (21.21%).

Perspective of Water Resources in Japan and in the World

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Tamon Ishibashi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
The World

Recently, problems of water shortage are becoming global in both developed and developing countries. This is due to tremendous population increases and also urbanization and industrialization. In this paper, countermeasures for future water shortages are described.

PHYTOMONITORING AS A METOD OF THE ASSESSMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR POLLUTION BY URBAN ENVIRONMENT BY FINE DUST

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Irina Glinyanova ◽  
Valery Azarov ◽  
Valery Fomichev
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Fine Dust ◽  
Control Zone ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Random Functions ◽  
The City

Fine dust: (PM2.5, PM10) is a priority pollutant that contributes to the development of numerous dis-eases in urban areas. The purpose of this scientific work is to study the dispersed composition of dust parti-cles on the leaves of apricot trees (Prúnus armeníaca) in the residential zone of Volgograd. The novelty of the work lies in the study of the dispersed composition of dust particles on the leaves of apricot trees (Prúnus armeníaca) in the residential zone in the city of Volgograd near the construction industry enterprise, me-chanical engineering, leather production and railway transport line in comparison with the conditionally clean (control) zone of the SNT “Orocenets” ”(Sovetsky District, Volgograd) from the standpoint of random functions expressed by integral distribution curves of the mass of particles over their equivalent diameters. As a result of the research, the dispersed composition of dust on the leaves of apricot trees (Prúnus ar-meníaca) in the residential area of Volgograd was revealed. Fine particles were found: PM2.5, PM10 in each of the studied points, which by their values, both in their number and mass fraction, significantly exceed the data on fine dust in a conditionally clean area (control) in the SNT “Oroshanets” (Sovetsky district Volgo-grad), which creates certain environmental risks for local residents. The dispersed analysis of particles from the standpoint of random functions in the future will allow with a sufficiently high degree of accuracy to pre-dict the dust content of urban atmospheric air in the range of monthly and / or seasonal average values compared to the traditional measurement of fine dust concentration in atmospheric air of the urban environ-ment as the maximum single or daily average. At the same time, further studies of dust on the leaves of plants in an urban environment, namely, the study of the density of its sedimentation, will also reveal a group of ur-ban plants that are best suited to retain PM2.5 and PM10 on leaf plates in this region, which can significantly increase the quality of the atmospheric air of the urban environment and be of a recommendatory nature for the state-owned landscaping services of the city of Volgograd when improving the green areas of a megacity.

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